ASSESSMENT OF INTRA- AND INTER- SPECIES OF THE FIRST GENERA-TION SOYBEAN HYBRIDS

Abstract

The article presents the results of the study of interspecific and intraspecific first generation soybean hybrids in terms of selection and genetic parameters. The studies were carried out on an experimental field of the breeding laboratory of the FSBSI FRC "All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Soybean" in 2018 – 2019 in order to identify the best genotypes already in the first generation and predict an increase in the selection efficiency in subsequent generations. Hybridization was carried out according to the method of K.K. Malish and T.P. Ryazantseva by forced re-pollination. Highly productive varieties of the Institute breeding Kitrossa, Intriga, Nevesta and the Chinese variety Heihe 27 were used as maternal forms, samples from the collection of wild soybeans KBl-18, KZ-671, KBl-30, KM-705 and varieties Hedi and Tundra were used as paternal forms. The parental forms and the obtained hybrids were analyzed according to the traits: the number of productive nodes, beans, seeds per plant, weight of seeds from one plant and 1000 seeds. The interspecific hybridization analysis of soybeans showed that when crossing cultivars with wild forms, heterosis did not manifest itself in the first generation for any of the economically valuable traits. Hybridization of cultivated soybeans with the wild form is unpromising for the inheritance of economically valuable traits in order to obtain highly productive varieties. Productive hybrids were revealed during intraspecific hybridization of cultivated forms. In the hybrid combination ♀Heihe 27 x ♂Tundra, an increase in heterosis was noted in three traits: the number of beans (13.3%), the mass of seeds per plant, and the number of seeds (45%). The hybrids obtained by crossing of ♀Kitross x ♂Tundra had an advantage over the parental forms in the number of productive nodes and beans, the number of seeds per plant. The size of the seeds was inherited through the maternal line. The degree of phenotypic dominance was revealed only on one trait - the number of seeds per plant (5%). The heterosis effect was noted on the number of productive nodes (80%) and beans (83.3%).