Number Of Productive Branches Research Articles

GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF F2 POPULATIONS OBTAINED THROUGH DOUBLE AND THREE-WAY CROSSES IN CAYENNE PEPPERS

The enhancement in cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) productivity is intently needed due to the ever-increasing demand, considered a vital vegetable commodity with complete nutrition and high economic value in Indonesia. Conventional plant breeding is one of the strategies to produce superior cultivars with increased yield. Thus, the latest research aimed to identify genetic diversity and gene inheritance patterns for selecting high-yielding F2 populations of cayenne pepper made through double and three-way crosses. The said research employed an augmented design combined with a randomized complete block design as an environmental design. The research factors consisted of non-repeating cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) lines with a limited number of seeds originating from 10 parental populations. The resulting 100 and 52 F22 individual populations, obtained from double and three-way crosses, respectively, were evaluated in comparison with four control cultivars, i.e., Bara, Dewata, Ungara, and Katokkon. The non-repeated rows, divided into five blocks, included the control cultivars planted repeatedly in each block. The results indicated that almost all traits have high genetic diversity and heritability and have potential use as selection criteria. The traits plant habitus (0.135), stem diameter (0.202), number of productive branches (0.359), and fruit weight (0.171) have a direct utmost influence on yield compared with other traits; thus, these promising traits can serve as selection criteria along with yield.

PENGARUH BERBAGAI JENIS DAN TAKARAN PUPUK HIJAU TERHADAP PRODUKSI TANAMAN KACANG TANAH (Arachis hypogaea L.) LOKAL MUNA

This study aims to determine the effect of various types and doses of green manure on the production of local Muna peanut plants and to determine the treatment that gives the best response to the production of local Muna peanut plants. This research was carried out at the Field Laboratory of Experimental Gardens II, Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University, Kendari. Taking place from October 2021 to February 2022. This study used a two-factor Randomized Block Design (RDB), the first types of green manure kirinyu (H1), Colopogonium (H2) and gamal (H3). The second factor was the fertilizer dose consisting of 0 t ha-1 (T0), 7,5 t ha-1 (T1), 15 t ha-1 (T2) and 22,5 t ha-1 (T3), so there are 12 treatment combinations and repeated 3 times. The research data were analyzed using analysis of variance and further tested using the honest real difference test. The results showed that the interaction of various types and doses of green manure had a very significant effect on the number of filled pods, weight of filled pods, the percentage of filled pods and pod production, but gave an insignificant interaction effect on the number of productive branches. The combination of types and doses of kirinyu green manure 22,5 t ha-1 (H3T3) gave the best response to increasing the production of local peanut plants in Muna.

Growth and Development Responses of Soybean (Glycine max L.) Under Several Combinations of Inorganic and Organic Fertilizer

One of familiar green soybean, edamame is a vegetable that popularly chosen by the richest consumer. The reducing inorganic fertilizers can be realized gradually by transforming the farming from conventional to organic. Related to transformation, we observed the suitable combination of inorganic and organic fertilizers for the edamame growth and production. By a randomized block design, seven combinations of inorganic fertilizers (150 kg/ha Urea, 150 kg/ha SP-36, 100 kg/ha KCl) and organic fertilizers (compost) were applied. Three repeatations was adopted for each treatment and 30 plants per plot was used. The analysis of variance and Tukey HSD at 5% error were chosen. Based on the result, the combination of inorganic fertilizers and compost effect four plant growth and development variables such as the plant height, the number of leaves, the number of productive branches, and the time to produce 50% of a flower. The application of inorganic fertilizers at 50% and 75% combined with compost 10 t/ha increased the plant height, the number of productive branches, and the number of leaves. The number of seeded pods and the pod weight are not affected by all combinations of treatments.

EFFECT OF NITROGEN RATES ON GROWTH, FRUIT AND SEED YIELD OF OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)

A Field trial was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Technology, Minna (Southern Guinea Savanna ecological zone of Nigeria) during the 2019 and 2020 cropping seasons. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design and replicated three times. The treatments consisted of two okra varieties (NHAe47-4 and LD 88) and five rates of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N ha-1). Each plot measures 2×5.25 m (10.5m2) comprising of eight ridges. Parameters measured included days to first flower bud initiation and opening, days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of leaves, abortion incidence, number of productive branches, number of fresh fruits, number of seeds, weight of seed and 100 seed weight were determined among others. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS Statistical package 9.2. At 5% level of probability means were separated using Student- Newman Keuls (SNK) Test. Application of 90kg N/ha to okra is therefore suggested for good growth, improved fruit and seed yield in the studied zone. NHAe47-4 fruits contained more number of seeds than LD88 variety.

Assessment of genetic variability, correlation and path analysis in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

The present study was attempted with thirty-eight genotypes including three checks(GT-10, TKG-22, JTS-08). The experiment was carried out in randomized block design in three replications to evaluate variability, association between various economic traits, direct and indirect effect of different characters on yield. The observations were recorded for days to 50 percent flowering, productive branches, plant height (cm), height of 1st capsule bearing node (cm), number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, capsule length(cm), inter node length (cm), days to maturity, 1000-grain weight (g), percentage of oil and yield (g/plant). Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters. The magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) was larger for yield, number of productive branches, height of first capsule bearing node and number of capsule/plant and inter-node length. Genetic advance as per cent of mean for yield, number of productive branches, height of first capsule bearing node, number of capsules per plant and internode length were higher in sesame genotype. Correlation coefficient exhibited significant and high positive correlation for number of productive branches, number of capsules per plant and number of seeds per capsule and maturity. Path analysis indicated that the trait number of seeds per capsule, number of productive branches and number of capsules per plant had high direct positive effect on grain yield. These traits to be given due importance in the sesame improvement programme.

Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Shaded Model at Immature Stage II and Application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) on Growth and Yields of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill

The practice of intercropping soybeans among oil palm trees is an approach used to optimize plantation land. Oil palm (OP) at the second immature stage (IS-2) or the age of 2 years provides shade of around 40%. This research aimed to observe soybean growth and yields under shade conditions close to those of oil palm shading conditions at IS-2 and to determine the optimal dosage of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) to apply to the soybeans. The shade intensity treatment used artificial shading nets close to actual shade intensity in OP plantation, i.e., 40% shading. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, from October 2019 to January 2020. The experimental design used was a split-plot design with shade intensity as the main plots (0 and 40%) and AMF dosage as subplots, consisting of six treatments of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 g/plant, with each treatment repeated four times. The results showed that at 10 weeks after planting, the interaction effect of 40% shade intensity with a dosage of 10 g AMF per plant resulted in the highest chlorophyll index. Independently, the AMF dosage of 10 g per plant produced the maximum plant height, number of productive branches, dry weight of plants, and number of seeds per pod.

PENGARUH DOSIS MULSA JERAMI DAN PUPUK ORGANIK PLUS TERHADAP PRODUKSI TANAMAN KEDELAI (Glycine max L)

Soybean is a food commodity with economic value that has many benefits. Soybean production can be increased by improving soil fertility through the application of mulch and organic fertilizers. The purpose of the research is to determine the effect of straw mulch and organic plus fertilizer dosage on yield soybean. The research design used was a Split Plot which was arranged in a Randomized Block Design. The main plot was straw mulch consisting of three levels, i.e. without straw mulch (M0), 4 tons/ha (M1) and 8 tons/ha (M2); and Sub-plots were plus organic fertilizer consisting of four levels, namely without plus organic fertilizer (P0); 2.5 tons/ha (P1); 5 tons/ha, (P2); and 7.5 tons/ha (P3). Measured variable is the number of productive branches, weight of seeds per plant, weight of 100 seeds, and yield. The analysis of data using ANOVA, if the analysis results are significant then continue with DMRT test on α=0.05. The results showed that the treatment of straw mulch 8 tons/ha and plus organic fertilizer 7.5 tons/ha resulted in the highest yield i.e 2.24 tons/ha or improve the yield 190.91% compared without straw mulch and plus organic fertilizer.

PENGARUH ABU SEKAM PADI DAN PUPUK ZA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN CABAI RAWIT (Capsicum frutescens L.)

The decline in cayenne pepper crop production is partly due to low soil fertility. Efforts to increase crop production can be done by applying rice husk ash as a soil reformer combined with ZA fertilizer, so that plant nutrient needs are fulfilled. This study aims to determine the effect of applying rice husk ash and ZA fertilizer and their interactions on the growth and yield of cayenne pepper plants and to determine the dose of husk ash and ZA fertilizer that is suitable for the growth of cayenne pepper plants. This research was carried out in North Huntu Village, South Bulango District, Bone Bolango Regency, for four months starting from June to September 2021. This research use Factorial Group Randomized Design which consists of 2 factors. The first factor is rice husk ash which consists of three levels, namely 40, 50, and 60 g plant-1. The second one is ZA fertilizer with 3 levels, namely 10, 20, and 30 g plant-1. The observed parameters include plant height, number of productive branches, the weight of fruits, and the number of fruits. The data analysis uses analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a 5% BNT test. The results showed that rice husk ash and ZA fertilizer affected the growth and yield of cayenne pepper plants. The best results are obtained with the application of husk ash at a dose of 60 g plant-1 and ZA fertilizer at 30 g plant-1.Keywords: Rice husk ash, ZA fertilizer, cayenne pepper

Application of Biochar and Poschar from Several Types of Animal Manure on the Growth and Yield of Red Chili Plants (Capsicum annuum L.)

This study aims to determine the effect of doses of biochar and various types of poschar and their interactions on the growth and yield of red chili plants. This research was conducted in Buduk village, Mengwi sub-district, Badung district at an altitude of 65 meters above sea level. This research activity took place from April to July 2021. The design used in this study was a factorial randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 2 treatment factors. The first factor is the dose of biochar (B) which consists of 2 levels (0 and 15 tons/ha), while the second factor is the type of poschar (P) which consists of 3 levels (without poschar, beef poschar, and goat poschar). The results showed that the interaction between the dose of biochar and the type of poschar (BxP) had a significant effect on the number of leaves and fruit number, fruit weight and had a very significant effect on stem diameter, but had no significant effect on plant height, number of productive branches, fruit length, and diameter. fruit per plant. Biochar treatment had a very significant effect on the variables of plant height, number of leaves, and fruit weight per plant and significantly affected the number of fruits, number of productive branches per plant, and fruit length per plant but had no significant effect on stem diameter. Poschar application showed no significant effect on all observed variables except for plant height which had a significant effect. The highest fresh weight of chili fruit per plant was obtained from the interaction of chicken biochar with no poschar, which was 1326.20 g, followed by the interaction between chicken biochar and goat's poschar, which was 1297.85 g, and the interaction between chicken biochar and beef poschar, which was 1081.71 g which increased by 114.11%, 109.53%, and 74.64% respectively compared to the interaction between the treatment without biochar and without poschar which was 619.41 g.

Effectiveness of ammonium sulphate application in brown mustard (Brassica juncea L.) sowings on leached chernozem in the Western Ciscaucasia

The article presents the research (2020-2021) on the effect of ammonium sulphate on the yield structure and yield of spring mustard of the variety Yunona on the leached chernozem of the Western Ciscaucasia. We established that the highest effectiveness of ammonium sulphate application on brown mustard sowings was achieved by split application of N22S25 at the seedling stage and N22S25 at the stem extension stage. These methods help increase the yield by 0.05-0.44 t/ha in comparison with the control due to an increase in thousand-seed weight by 18-48 %, the number of productive branches on one plant by 11-22 %, pods – by 5.5-28 %, and seeds in a pod – by 11-18 %.

The Effect of NPK Fertilizer and Fertilizer Through Leaves on the Growth and Yield of Red Chili (Capsicum annum L)

Research on the effect of NPK fertilizer and fertilizer application through leaves on the growth and yield of red chili (Capsicum annum L) was carried out from October 2021–March 2022 on farmer lands in Tanah Grow Village, Tanah Grow District, Bungo Regency. With the aim of knowing the interaction between NPK fertilizer and fertilizer through leaves on the growth and yield of red chili plants. This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in the form of factorial with two factors and repeated 3 times. Factor A is the dose of NPK fertilizer which consists of 4 levels, namely: NI = 5 gr, N2 = 10 gr, N3 = 15 gr, N4 = 20 gr .Factor B is the provision of fertilizer through the leaves (Seprint), namely: PI = 8 cc/ltr, P2 = 10 cc/ltr, P3 = 12 cc/ltr, P4 = 14 cc/ltr, P5 = 16 cc/ltr. Based on the experiment, it can be concluded that there was an interaction between NPK fertilizer and Seprint leaf fertilizer on the yield of red chili plants, while there was no interaction with plant height, number of leaves and number of productive branches. The application of NPK fertilizer with a dose of N3 = 15 grams gave the best results on red chili crop yields. In the use of fertilizer through leaves (Seprint) the best concentration was 10 cc/liter, for plant height. Provision of NPK fertilizer and fertilizer through leaves (Seprint) had no significant effect on the parameters of the number of leaves and the number of productive branches.

EFFECT OF NPK FERTILIZER DOSE AND POC CONCENTRATION GAMAL LEAVES ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF HIJAU NUT PLANT (Phaseolus radiatus)

The research aims to find out the influence of NPK fertilizer dose and poc concentration of gamal leaves the best to increase the growth and yield of green beans. The method used is Complete Group Random Design with 9 treatments plus 1 control and 3 replays. The first factor is the dose of NPK fertilizer (N) with N1 200 kg/ha, N2 250 kg/ha, N3 300 kg/ha and the second factor is the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer (P) with P1 20%, P2 30%, P3 40% plus control without NPK fertilizer and POC gamal leaves. The data was analyzed using diversity analysis (Anova) at a rate of 5%. To find out there is a real difference between the control and the treatment using Orthgonal Contras test at the level of 5% and when there is a noticeable difference between the treatment is carried out Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at the level of 5%. The results showed there was an interaction between the dose of NPK fertilizer and the concentration of POC gamal leaves at the high parameters of plants (15 and 30 HST), the number of productive branches, flowering age, number of plant pods and the number of seeds per pod (third harvest) and seed weight (harvest 1 and 2). Npk fertilizer dose 250 kg / ha gives the best results on all parameters. The concentration of 30% POC gamal leaves gives the best results on all parameters.

Assessment of genetic variability, correlation and path analysis in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

A total of 33 sesame genotypes including three checks were grown in Randomized Block Design in three replications for evaluation of yield and yield attributing traits. Data was recorded for different yield attributing traits from all the genotypes viz., days to 50 % flowering, number of productive branches, plant height, height of 1st capsule bearing node, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, capsule length, inter-node length, days to maturity, 1000-grain weight, per cent of oil and yield. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters. The magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) was larger for seed yield, number of productive branch and inter-node length. Genetic advance as per cent of mean for seed yield, numbers of productive branches, height of 1st node from ground and internode length were higher in sesame genotypes. Correlation exhibited significant and high positive for number of productive branches, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule and days to maturity with seed yield. Path analysis indicated that the traits such as number of productive branches, number of capsules per plant, days to maturity, number of seeds per capsule had high positive direct effect on seed yield. These traits are to be given due importance in the selection process of sesame breeding programme. Keywords: PCV, GCV, Sesame, Genetic Advance, Correlation, Path analysis

Yield components of the M7 Kipas Putih mutant soybean

This study aimed to obtain the homogeny of M8 soybean lines in an effort to release new high yielding varieties. The research was conducted in Lamsidaya village, and the observation of yield components was carried out at the Plant Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala. This study did not use an experimental design, so that the quantitative characters were observed individually from each plant, then analyzed by estimating the heritability broad sense value and the progress of selection. The material used were var. Kipas Putih and var. Dega1 as control, eight of 7th generation Kipas Putih mutant lines (B4, B7, B10, B12, B13, B15, B18 and B22). All genotypes were planted in rectangular plot 10 m x 1 m, drainage 50 cm, and planting distance 50 cm x 30 cm. Plants were maintained in accordance with the recommendation for soybean cultivation from Balitkabi, and fertilizer NPK (16:16:16) was given 200 g/plot (200 kgha-1). Parameters observed included plant height, flowering time, harvest time, number of productive branches, total number of pods per plant, number of filled pods per plant, percentage of filled pods per plant, seed weight per plant, weight of 100 seeds, seed weight per plot, and yield potential. All quantitative characters indicated increase on selection except for the character of plant height, percentage of filled pods and weight of 100 seeds because the heritability value was low. The B18 line has the potential to become a new high yielding variety because it has a high yield potential (3.02 tons ha-1) with a large seed size compared to the other seven mutant lines and is also higher than the parent Kipas Putih and var Dega 1 varieties.

Pengaruh Komposisi Media Tanam Organik Arang Sekam Dan Pupuk Kotoran Sapi Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Kelangsungan Hidup Tanaman Cabai Merah (Capsicum annum L.) dan Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.)

This study aims to determine the effect of organic growing media composition of husk charcoal and cow dung on the growth and survival of red chili (Capsicum annum L.) and cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.). The research was conducted in November 2019 – February 2020 in Faennake Village, North Bikomi District, TTU Regency. The method used in this study is an experimental method with a two-factor randomized block design with five treatments and four replications. The first factor is a large red chili plant. The second factor is cayenne pepper plants with different planting media treatments. The parameters studied were plant height, number of leaves, number of fruit, number of productive branches and plant survival of red chili and cayenne pepper. Data were analyzed through ANOVA with an error rate of 0.5% and to determine the difference between treatments using Duncan's multiple range test with a significance level of 5%. The results showed that the survival of red chili and cayenne pepper in each treatment was good because each planting medium was able to meet the needs of these plants. As for the growth in the treatment of 50% soil, 25% husk charcoal, 25% cow dung, it showed a good effect where in red chili plants the plant height at 45 DAP was 59.5 cm. And for cayenne pepper plants at 45 DAP, which is 50.75 cm. From the observations, it can be concluded that the composition of the growing media 50% soil plus 25% husk charcoal and 25% cow manure was able to increase the growth and yield of Capsicum annum L. and Capsicum frutescens L. plants.

RESPON TANAMAN CABAI MERAH (Capsicum annum L.) TERHADAP KOMPOSISI DAN DOSIS BOKASHI PELEPAH SAWIT DAN DAUN REMUNGGAI

This experiment aims to determine the response of red chili (Capsicum annum L.) plants to the composition and dosage of bokashi oil palm and remunggai (Moringa oleifera). This research was conducted from January to April 2021, in Kayu Arang Village, Sukaraja District, Seluma Regency. The design used was a Factorial Completely Randomized Desing (CRD). The first factor is the composition (A) namely: A1: remunggai + palm frond (1:1), A2: remunggai + palm frond (1:3), A3: remunggai + paln frond (1:5) and the second factor is bokashi dose (B) namely: B0 : 1 ton/ha bokashi + NPK recommendation, B1 : 10 ton/ha bokashi, B2 : 20 ton/ha bokashi, B3 : 30 ton/ha bokashi, B4 : 40 ton/ha bokashi. The treatment was repeated 3 times to produce 45 experimental units. The result of the analysis of variance was continued with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with a test level of 5%. The results showed that giving bokashi composition had on significant effect on all observed variables. Meanwhile, in giving bokashi dose, there were observational variables that had a significant effect, namely plant height, number of productive branches, the total number of fruit per plant, fruit weight per plant, the weight of dry stover stove, and the parameters of variables that had no significant effect were flowering age and age harvest.

PROVISION OF MICRORHIZA FUNGI AGAINST SALINE STRESS IN CHILI PLANTS

This experiment was a factorial randomized block design (RAK). The screen house used was the screen house of the experimental garden of the Faculty of Agricultural and Animal Sciences, Indonesian National Islamic University. The land was taken from the coast of Kuala Kab. Bireuen, Aceh. Soil was taken from the top soil layer with a depth of 0-25 cm. Mycorrhizae were placed in planting holes around the root area at a depth of 2-3 cm according to the treatment per plant before the seeds were planted in polybags. Then the planting hole that has been given mycorrhizae is covered again with soil. Mycorrhizal application was carried out once at the time of seed planting. Harvesting can be done by picking the fruit and its stalk. The analysis was carried out to determine the level of ability of mycorrhizal species to help plants in the absorption of P nutrients to maximize chili plant production, the effect of chili varieties had a significant effect on root infection at 45 DAP, a very significant effect on stem diameter at 15 DAP, wet root weight, number of fruit planted, dry weight. fruit, had a significant effect on plant height at 15 DAP, stem diameter at 30 DAP and fruit weight at planting, but had no significant effect on plant height at 30 and 45 DAP, stem diameter at 45 DAP, number of leaves at 15, 30 and 45 DAP, weight dry root, root wet weight, root dry weight, root length, number of productive branches 45 DAP. The results showed that the variety had a very significant effect on the growth of chili plants. The best variety was found in the Lado variety in the vegetative phase which could be seen from the variables of plant height 15 and 30 DAP, stem diameter at 15 and 30 DAP, number of leaves at 15, 30 and 45 DAP. While the generative phase of the best variety was found in the PM 999 variety which could be seen in the variables Number of fruit, fruit weight, dry weight, root wet weight and root length.

Penampilan Vegetatif Tiga Genotipe Kedelai Berbiji Besar Pada Kondisi Stres Genangan

ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the vegetative appearance of three genotypes of large-seeded soybean under puddle stress. The Experimental method was used and the plastic buckets as the experimental units were arranged using a Split Plot Design. The main plot was the stress factor (S) consisting of normal conditions (S0) and puddle stress (S1), and the subplot was the genotype factor (G) consisting of G1 (KH1), G2 (Argomulyo), and G2 (Grobogan). Each genotype was repeated four times. The observed variables were plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, number of productive branches, specific leaf weight, root/shoot dry weight ratio. The results showed that there were significantly differences in the appearance of the vegetative characters of the three genotypes of large seeded soybean under puddle stress conditions, especially on plant height, leaf area, plant dry weight, and shoot dry weight. Under puddle stress conditions, KH1 showed the highest of the plant height, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight. Argomulyo showed the highest of the leaf area, while Grobogan did not show as a tolerant variety under puddle stress conditions.

PENGARUH APLIKASI BIOCHAR DAN PUPUK FOSFAT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL KEDELAI (Glycine max (L.) Merril) DI TANAH ULTISOL

Rice waste has the potential to be used as a biochar raw material which can be used to overcome constraints on Ultisol soils. This study aims to determine the effect of the application of biochar from rice straw and phosphate fertilizers which give growth and yield of soybeans in Ultisols soil. The experimental design used was a randomized block design with a factorial pattern consisting of 2 factors and 3 replications, the first factor was the input of biochar (B) at a dose of 15 tonnes ha-1consisting of: b0 = no biochar, b1 = rice husk biochar 15 ton ha -1 , b2 = rice straw biochar 15 ton ha -1 , b3 = husk and rice straw biochar 15 ton ha - 1. The second factor is the dosage of phosphate fertilizer (P) consisting of: p0 = without phosphate fertilizer, p1 = 60 kg ha -1 TSP (50% of recommendation), p2 = 120 kg ha -1 TSP (100% of recommendation). The results showed that there was no interaction between biochar and phosphate fertilizer applications on plant height, number of flowers per plant, number of productive branches per plant, percentage of fruit set per plant and crop index of soybean. However, the application of phosphate fertilizers significantly increased the number of flowers. There is an interaction between the application of biochar and phosphate fertilizers on leaf area, number of pods per plant, number of pods contained per plant, dry weight of biomass per plant, dry weight of seeds per plant, yield per hectare, net assimilation rate and uptake of plant phosphorus. Application of rice straw biochar with a dose of 15 tonnes ha -1 and a dose of phosphate fertilizer 60 kg ha -1 increased leaf area 36.74%, number of pods per plant 39.96%, number of filled pods per plant 47.61%, dry weight of biomass per plant 46.82%, seed dry weight per plant 52.65%, yield per hectare 54.68%, net assimilation rate 182.38% and plant phosphorus uptake 72.32%. Key words: biochar, P-fertilizer, rice husk, straw, soya, Ultisols

OPTIMIZATION OF SOYBEAN GROWTH AND PRODUCTION THROUGH THE USE OF COMBINATION OF DECANTER CAKE WITH CHICKEN MANURE (Glycine Max (L.) Merril )

This study aims to obtain the best combination of decanter cake (DC) and organic materials,chicken manure (PKA) on soybean growth and yield at Ultisols.. The research design used wasa Randomized Block Design, with treatment of combination of DC and PKA. The treatmentswere control (recommended inorganic fertilizer: 100 kg / ha NPK), DC 15 ton / ha + PKA 0 ton/ha, DC 10 ton / ha + PKA 5 ton / ha, DC 7.5 ton / ha + PKA 7 , 5 ton / ha, DC 5 tos / ha + PKA10 ton / ha, DC 0 ton / ha + PKA 15 ton / ha. Parameters observed: Number of productivebranches, number of pods per plant, number of filled pods, soybean grain yield . The dataobtained were analyzed by means of variance and DMRT at the 5 percent level. The resultsshowed that the combination of DC and PKA could improve soil chemical properties, and hada significant effect on the number of productive branches, yield components and soybean yield.The best combination for the highest soybean yield was the combination of DC 5.0 tonnes / ha+ PKA 10.0 tonnes / ha.