Number Of Officers Research Articles

Pavilions to Celebrate Honest Officials: An Authenticity Dilemma in Fifteenth-Century China

Abstract The article centers on the celebration of Wenzhou Prefect He Wenyuan (1385–1457)’s moral integrity in a building called the “Lodge of Spurned Gold.” Building on historian Ying Zhang’s conception of late-Ming Confucian image politics, in which gentrymen and officials faced an “authenticity crisis,” the article introduces a new concept, the “authenticity dilemma.” A person faces an authenticity dilemma when his or her virtue is questioned precisely because it has been celebrated. The article shows that He rejected an illegal gift intended as a bribe, in a way that may have gone against social norms. The monument to his act accorded with orthodox encouragement of honesty in others, being based on celebrations of Han and Tang exemplars. Despite having clashed with bureaucratic colleagues and emperors, He won state recognition for his excellent service to the people of Wenzhou prefecture and until he was promoted to high office at court there was no question about his honesty. Yet his biographer worked hard to argue that He deserved the honors he won in Wenzhou, because changes in personnel policies and factional fighting meant that He was impeached at court for having “stolen a reputation,” based on the building of the Lodge. On the model of the Lodge, a number of other officials, beginning with envoys sent overseas, were honored for their honesty with “Spurned-Gold Pavilions” (que jin ting 卻金亭). Their multiplication and painter Wen Zhengming’s involvement further undermined He’s reputation, sharpening the authenticity dilemma. As a result, earlier stories of He’s life were reshaped to insist on his deep honesty, at the expense of historical details of the incident.

Versatile, but not focused, traffic offenders are more likely to be at fault for a fatal crash

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine whether drivers who had received more traffic infringements were more likely to be at fault for the crash in which they were killed. Method: The current dataset was derived from the crash and traffic history records provided by the Queensland Department of Transport and Main Roads and Coroner’s Court for every driver, with available records, who was killed in a crash in Queensland, Australia, between 2011 and 2019 (N = 1,136). The most common traffic offenses in the current sample were speeding, disobeying road rules, driving under the influence of drugs and alcohol, and unlicensed driving. Logistic regression models were used to compute odds ratios for the number of overall offenses, the number of specific offense types, and for specific offending profiles that were derived from the literature. Age, gender, and crash type were each controlled for by entering them into the initial blocks of the regression models. Results: After accounting for the variance associated with age, gender, and crash type, only the overall number of offenses and the number of unlicensed driving offenses predicted a significant change in a drivers’ likelihood of being at fault for the crash that killed them. Furthermore, drivers who were identified as having versatile (i.e., multiple offenses from different categories) or criminal-type offense profiles (i.e., offenses that were considered to approximate criminal offenses) were each significantly more likely to be at fault for a fatal crash. Practical Applications: This study provided an important contribution by demonstrating how a more nuanced approach to understanding how a driver’s traffic history might be used to identify drivers who are more at risk of being involved in a crash (i.e., for which they were at fault). The implications of these findings are discussed with recommendations and consideration for future research.

Understanding the role of village fund and administrative capacity in stunting reduction: Empirical evidence from Indonesia.

The Indonesian government launched various programs to handle stunting cases, including village funds. This paper examined the effects of village fund programs and village apparatuses’ capacities to combat stunting based on aggregate data at the district level in Indonesia. Using descriptive data analysis and fixed effect panel regression, we observed that village fund programs could significantly reduce Indonesia’s stunting prevalence, especially outside Java. It also revealed that the increasing education of regional leaders does not necessarily positively impact leaders’ skills in handling stunting. At the same time, the number of village officials has a statistically significant influence on reducing stunting prevalence. It advised that the village budget fund can support national priorities in tackling the prevalence of stunting. Furthermore, it is essential to build the capacity of the village head for increasing awareness of health activities, especially early prevention of stunting, in addition to an adequate number of officials.

Preventing future crime in adolescent drug offenders: A study of differential sanction effects on recidivism

This study examines and compares the effects on recidivism of the three most common legal responses to minor drug offences for adolescents in Norway. The essential question is whether alternative sanctions are more effective in preventing any reoffending in young people than the traditional fine. Using a longitudinal register data set, comprising all 15- to 17-year-old, first-time drug offenders in the 2000–2015 period (N = 3276), we investigate differences in duration between first legal decision and second arrest and the number of offences during follow-up. Our findings suggest that rehabilitative measures, in the form of a conditional waiver of prosecution with specified conditions, were more effective in preventing recidivism in adolescent drug offenders than a fine. Given the design of this sanction, which includes follow-up by social services and monitoring of drug use by health services, deferrals in recidivism may be caused by both positive rehabilitation experiences and negative punishment experiences.

Not a "Get Out of Jail Free Card": Comparing the Legal Supervision of Persons Found Not Criminally Responsible on Account of Mental Disorder and Convicted Offenders.

BackgroundThe public often perceives the insanity defense as a “get out of jail free card”. Conversely, several studies demonstrate the substantial control imposed upon these defendants. This study compares Review Boards decisions regarding people found not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder (NCRMD) to criminal courts decisions regarding convicted offenders for similar offenses in Canada.MethodDetention, using logistic regression, and duration under detention and supervision, using Cox regression, were compared between a cohort of 1794 individuals found NCRMD in three Canadian provinces (Quebec, Ontario, and British Columbia) between 2000 and 2005 followed until 2008 from the National Trajectory Project and a national sample of 3,20,919 Canadians convicted of criminal offense from Statistics Canada's Criminal Court Survey.ResultsIndividuals found NCRMD are 3.8 times (95% CI 3.4–4.3) more likely to be detained than convicted offenders as well as 4.8 times (95% CI 4.5–5.3) and 2.9 times (95% CI 2.6–3.1) less likely to be released from detention and supervision, respectively. One year after the verdict, 73% of the NCRMD accused were still under legal supervision and 42% were still in detention, whereas these proportions were, respectively, 41 and 1% for their convicted counterparts. Interaction effects show that sex, age, jurisdiction, number of offenses, and severity of crimes committed have a differential impact on decisions applied to NCRMD accused compared to convicted persons.ConclusionContrary to popular perceptions, the insanity defense is not a loophole. Differences as to factors influencing the trajectories of the two samples confirm that Review Boards are able to distance their practices from the criminal courts and can set aside, at least in part, the principles of proportionality and punitiveness governing the traditional sentencing practices.

Особенности формирования личности несовершеннолетнего правонарушителя

The interest in the problems of the personality of juvenile offenders is primarily explained by the number of offenses and crimes committed by minors. At the same time, particularly dangerous crimes take place in the structure of crimes, such as. Like murder, rape, robbery, vandalism and others. In this regard, special attention is required to study the personality of the offender, those features and properties that contribute to the commission of such crimes, as well as the nature of the interaction of this person with the micro and macro environment.
 The article analyzes the socio-psychological personality traits of a minor offender, regardless of the type of offense.
 Despite the differences in the motives and methods of committing various offenses, they are primarily characterized by 1) the antisocial orientation of the individual; 2) the resulting ability to a certain aggressive / illegal / criminal action in relation to a particular object; 3) the presence of an appropriate environmental situation.

НЕКОТОРЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ПО ДЕЛАМ ОБ АДМИНИСТРАТИВНЫХ ПРАВОНАРУШЕНИЯХ В СФЕРЕ ДОМАШНЕГО НАСИЛИЯ И ПРОБЛЕМЫ ИХ РАЗРЕШЕНИЯ

The article reveals the problematic issues of countering domestic violence in the Russian Federation. The authors analyze the regulatory framework for the prevention of domestic violence, based on the changes provided for by Federal Law No. 8-FZ dated 07.02.2017 «On Amendments to Article 116 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation,» according to which, from the disposition of Article 116 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation criminal liability for beating close persons was excluded, and beatings against loved ones, as well as those committed out of personal hostility, passed into the category of an administrative offense provided for in Article 6.1.1. Of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, as well as a number of practical problems arising in law enforcement practice when implementing Article 6.1.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, conclusions are drawn about the need to develop a uniform practice in the course of implementing the norms of Article 6.1.1. Also, the article analyzes and examines the statistical data of the Judicial Department at the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, which show an increase in the number of offenses in this area. Based on the analysis, the authors draw conclusions and recommendations for improving the legal regulation in the field of countering domestic violence in the Russian Federation.

Чиновники особых поручений в системе управления Восточной Сибири XIX в.

The article analyzes functions set by legislation, range of actually performed duties, general number and place of special duties officials in the public administration system. In Siberia, this position was established as a result of the reformation activities of Michael M. Speransky. The article gives examples of duties and career paths of specific people, citing the formulary list of D. B. Banzarov. Based on the comprehensive study of sources, it concludes by arguing that special duties officials enabled the local administration to react more quickly and flexibly to real problems. Due to the weakness of the police and investigative bodies the main duty of the special duties officials was all kinds of investigations. This circumstance required candidates for the position to have a certain level of education, some special skills and practical experience.

Environmental Criminal Law’s Dependence on Administrative Law, in the Purely Accessory and Partially Accessory Models: Pluses and Minuses. Assessing the Opportunity for a Limited Number of Offences Being Autonomous From Administrative Law

Environmental Criminal Law’s Dependence on Administrative Law, in the Purely Accessory and Partially Accessory Models: Pluses and Minuses. Assessing the Opportunity for a Limited Number of Offences Being Autonomous From Administrative Law

КОМПЛЕКСНЕ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ ПРИМОРСЬКИХ РЕГІОНІВ

In the article, an attempt is investigated to carry out a comprehensive assessment of the competitiveness of the coastal regions of Ukraine – Kherson, Odesa, Mykolaiv and Zaporozhye regions. The evaluation is carried out using a developed methodology for assessing the competitiveness of coastal regions, which includes assessing competitiveness by component elements – “territory”, “people”, “processes”, “administration”. The results of a comprehensive assessment make it possible to draw conclusions on the level of competitiveness of the coastal regions of Ukraine. Investigating the output data to calculate the integral indicator of the competitiveness of coastal regions by the “territory” element, it is necessary to dwell on the key features of each coastal region. The next group of indicators for the calculation of the integral index of the competitiveness of coastal regions is associated with human resources of the regions. The last block of calculated indicators concerns the quality and efficiency of providing administrative services and the implementation of regional governance. Since the key parameter in calculating the above indicators was the number of personnel of the ODA, respectively, the best indicators for the “Administration” element have the greatest importance, except for the number of officials per resident. If we draw conclusions about the effectiveness of the region's managerial apparatus, then selected indicators only partially reflect the results of the work, but they are selected from available statistics. Thus, according to the scale of the integral index of competitiveness, among the coastal regions of Ukraine there is a competitive region; Mykolaiv and Odessa are regions with less competitiveness, Kherson region is an uncompetitive region. According to the calculations, each coastal region has its own “strengths” that ensure competitiveness. Taking into account these “strong” positions and revealed reserves for improving competitiveness allows us to conclude that the uniqueness of each administrative-territorial unit, managerial and economic processes focused on it.

Финансирование крестьянских учреждений Сибири: полемика между местными органами власти и центральными ведомствами России

The article examines the processes of planning budgetary allocations for the maintenance of Siberia peasants management institutions. These structures appeared in accordance with the law on the introduction of the peasant chiefs institution. The article shows the controversy between local authorities and central departments on the content of new administrative structures. This paper describes the intention of the Siberian administrations to expand the number of officials for managing peasants. It also tells about the intention of the guberniya administrations to free local budgets from financing institutions for managing peasants.

麗末鮮初 品官層의 정리와 재편: 과전법상 田地 분급과 侍衛 의무를 중심으로

Pumgwan , originally a general term for government officials, came to signify officials who did not have actual duties to perform in spite of holding office in the late Goryeo dynasty. The number of officials without actual duties increased because the number of honorary posts was too numerous. In local provinces, there were mainly two types of Pumgwan . Pumgwan (A) were actually former officials, and Pumgwan (B) were local functionaries who received honorary posts. The late Koryo government consistently tried to separate Pumgwan (A) and Pumgwan (B).<BR> The Gwajeon Act in 1391 mediated the loyalty between the king and his subjects through land allotment. In return for the lands, incumbent officials served in government posts, and former officials guarded the royal family. According to the Gwajeon Act, officials living in the capital received Gwajeon, and officials living in the local provinces only received a small Gunjeon. This act led many officials to come to the capital. However, officials without actual career could not receive lands, even if they went to the capital to apply for land. Therefore, Pumgwan (A) were more likely to go to the capital, and Pumgwan (B) were more likely to stay in the provinces. In this way, the government hierarchically reorganized the Pumgwan class in the late Goreyo and early Joseon period.

Pelatihan soft skills dan outbound bagi Guru-Guru dan Perangkat Desa Rantau Baru

The population of Rantau Baru Village is 750 people. Most of the people's livelihood is fishing. There are eleven teachers in Rantau Baru Village, consisting of nine elementary school teachers and two kindergarten teachers. In addition, the number of village officials is eleven people. The purpose of this service activity is to provide an understanding to teachers and village officials about the importance of soft skills in improving teacher professionalism and service quality. In addition, outbound activities are also carried out which are useful as personality development. This service is carried out through: lecture and demonstration methods (Practice). The target group for this service is 22 people consisting of elementary school teachers, kindergarten teachers and village officials. The results of this service can increase the knowledge of participants about soft skills and personality. Another benefit for teachers and village officials is to strengthen personality aspects such as self-confidence, cooperation, courage, creativity, and social relations in improving the professionalism of teachers and village officials.

The impact of climate change on food and human security in Nigeria

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to unravel the changing nature of climate change impact on the food and human security sector of the Nigerian State.Design/methodology/approachThis study is an in-depth case study that involves the use of both quantitative and qualitative data. Statistical data on climate variability in Nigeria obtained from reliable databases were use in the making of analysis. Also, data derived from semi-structure interviews and special reports from International Non-governmental organizations on the subject matter were also used in the study. The findings of the study were based on an in-depth analysis of both primary and secondary sources of data. The secondary data were derived from existing published academic works. The primary data was developed using qualitative data that were collected from January to November, 2018 to 2019 in the different regions of Nigeria. For the South East, primary data was collected from Abakaliki, Ebonyi State. In the South-South, primary data was collected from Asaba, Delta State. In the South West, primary data was collected from Barutin, Kwara State. In the North East, primary data was collected from Maiduguri, while in North West, data was collected from Gusau, Zamfara State. In the North Central, data was collected from Markurdi, Benue State. During the data collection, 48 semi-structured Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) were carried out in the six selected research areas that represented their geo-political zones. Six Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were carried out, one for each of these six selected cities. Each of the Focus Group Discussions comprised between five and seven respondents. The idea of KIIs and FGDs is to allow the respondents to freely express their ideas comprehensively. Again, in other to get varied forms of responses, the respondents are mainly farmers however, a number of NGOs, civil servants, fertilizer sellers, government officials, transporters and aged men and women/retirees. It should be noted that the respondents cut across male and female gender of all ages and ethnic configuration. The respondents were also randomly selected through social networking. To avoid having people of similar The KIIs were three academics; two community leaders; two small scale fish farmers; rice, cassava, fish, livestock and crop farmers. All KIIs ad TIs were transcribed and analysed using thematic content analysis.FindingsThe findings revealed that climate change has negatively affected food security in Nigeria. it has also led to continuous armed confrontations over natural resources thereby undermining human security in the country.Originality/valueThis study is 100% original and can be assessed through turn it in evaluation.

Pendekatan Inverse Action Research dalam Pengadaan Lahan Tanah di MWC NU Sruweng

Artikel tentang riset berbasis pengabdian kepada masyarakat hasil kolaborasi dosen dengan mahasiswa KKN IAINU Kebumen 2021. Lokasi riset di Majelis Wakil Cabang Nahdlatul Ulama (MWCNU) Sruweng Kebumen. Tujuan riset untuk mengetahui proses transformasi sosial yang terjadi di MWCNU Sruweng dengan cara menelisik latar belakang dan tujuan yang ada di balik keberhasilan MWCNU Sruweng mengadakan lahan tanah milik MWCNU Sruweng, sekaligus mengetahui konsep dan nilai yang berada di baliknya. Riset bersifat kualitatif dengan model pendekatan riset aksi terbalik (inverse action research). Informan riset adalah sejumlah pengurus MWCNU Sruweng yang terlibat dalam pengadaan lahan tanah tersebut. Riset dilakukan pada bulan Agustus-September 2021. Hasil riset adalah: (a)model riset berhasil menggali latar belakang masalah dan tujuan dari pengadaan lahan tanah, (b)konsep utama pengadaan lahan tanah MWCNU Sruweng sebagai sarana fisik, yang kedepan akan dapat dibangun gedung MWCNU Sruweng untuk pengembangan kehidupan keagamaan warga NU di wilayah Sruweng, dalam rangka mencapai kesejahteraan masyarakat baik spiritual maupun material, (c)terdapat konsep dan nilai luhur bebasis budaya dan agama di balik pengadaan lahan tanah. Saran, bahwa model riset dan nilai yang berhasil didedah layak dimanfaatkan untuk keperluan melihat masyarakat masa kini, masa lalu, dan masa mendatangnya.&#x0D;

PENGGUNAAN METODE INTERNALISASI DALAM PEMBELAJARAN ILMU AKHLAK DALAM NASKAH SERAT KIDUNG SESINGIR KARYA PAKUBUWONO IX

Internalization is a method used to absorb and instill values so that they are embedded in humans. This method has been used in texts containing moral teachings such as the manuscript of Serat Kidung Sesingir by Pakubuwono IX. The purpose of writing this article is to reveal the use of the Internalization Method in Learning Morals in the Fiber Kidung Sesingir Manuscript by Pakubuwono IX. The method used uses a qualitative approach and utilizes philological methods to present the text and translate it. The result is in step (1). Modeling is carried out using the story method, namely conveying stories from the past and being used for the process of taking orders; (2). Habituation, by inculcating noble character such as diligently working, worshiping, and others; (3). Enforcement of the rules, the author of the manuscript uses examples in the form of direct punishment of a number of religious officials who violate morals; (4). Motivating is carried out according to the level that humans have and the motivation for each person is adjusted to the circumstances of the person concerned.Keywords: internalization, morals, Kidung Sesingir

The Failure to Learn Lessons from Policy Failures in Developing Countries? The Case of Electricity Privatization in Ghana

ABSTRACT Do policy makers learn from their failures? The rational and normal expectation would be that they do, but experience shows otherwise. Notwithstanding the valuable and multiply expected learning opportunities presented by such failures, especially in Africa, policy errors continue unabated in both the developed and developing worlds. Even the high-profile nature of the failures across the continent seems insufficient to convince African policy makers of their significance. Focusing on the recent electricity privatization fiasco in Ghana, this paper examines factors that impede or otherwise affect policy makers’ ability to learn from their mistakes. Using interviewing a number of officials involved in the process of electricity privatization, we identified five main factors that continue to affect policy learning from policy failures in Ghana.

Etika Komunikasi Pejabat Publik dalam Penanganan Pandemi Covid-19

Communication of public officials greatly influences the public to comply with the corona virus disease (Covid-19) health protocol and is positively correlated with the effectiveness of handling Covid-19. Unfortunately, as this study found using descriptive qualitative methods and data collection techniques from credible online media, there are a number of public officials who often make controversial statements about Covid-19 that are not fully based on scientific, accurate data, and empirical facts. In addition to causing ethical communication problems, this has led to pro and contra responses, noise, confusion and disrupts and hinders acceleration in handling the Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study recommends that public officials pay attention to and prioritize communication ethics in handling the Covid-19 pandemic so that the Covid-19 pandemic can be controlled, and quickly removed from Indonesian soil.

„Przy partyjnym stole”. Dostawy towarów spożywczych dla nowej elity lwowskiej w latach 1944-1947

“AT THE TABLE OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY”: FOOD SUPPLY FOR THE NEW LVIV ELITE IN 1944-1947 &#x0D; The article covers the change of the Lviv food paradigm after the arrival of Soviets. On the basis of archival materials and specialised literature, the city’s limited system of product distribution was analysed. Furthermore, the role of the Soviet elite in this system and in providing Lviv with food was studied in this work. Taking advantage of their official position, the Bolshevik leaders received food from their subordinates, used the food services of the Executive Committee, had their own departmental food establishments, and, finally, thanks to better salaries, could have better food from commercial establishments. The basis of the food of the Lviv communist party elite was the food of letter types “A” and “B”, which in terms of calories and set of products significantly exceeded the usual card system. The diet of the Soviet authorities was supplemented by various order tables, where they periodically received improved sets of products according to particular lists and previously declared needs. During the transition period that started after the abolition of the limited product distribution system, which was extended for a selected number of city officials, they were using special coupons for identification of the “right people”. Despite the theoretical defense of the classlessness of Soviet society, the new authorities of Lviv widely used their dominant position and tolerated a pronounced stratification and deep caste system while providing Lviv with food in the first postwar years. In the end, this approach led to the blurring of the original face of Lviv and, to some extent, deprived the city of the colours formed by many generations of Lviv residents.

The Combination of Political Agenda and Ritual Scholarship: A New Understanding of the “Puyi” Debate in the Northern Song Dynasty

&lt;p&gt;北宋治平二年（1065），朝廷就英宗對生父濮王的稱謂問題展開激烈爭議，史稱「濮議之爭」。歐陽修為首的宰執認為英宗應稱濮王為「皇考」，司馬光等一眾兩制、臺諫和禮官則認為英宗應以仁宗過繼子身分，稱濮王為「皇伯」。最終在曹太后授意下，英宗稱濮王為「親」。本文透過朝中反對者的論據，指出他們自仁宗晚年以來，有著一貫的禮學詮釋邏輯，他們既將政治訴求融入禮學詮釋中，在朝廷的禮儀場域中表達其政治訴求。本文藉此角度剖析濮議的起因，由此展示北宋仁、英之際禮學與政治融合的情況。&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In 1065, as the adopted son of the late emperor Renzong, the new emperor Yingzong of the Northern Song dynasty (960&amp;ndash;1127) was involved into an intense debate over how he should address his biological father, the Prince of Pu. This controversy which lasted for approximately 18 months was known as the &amp;ldquo;Puyi&amp;rdquo; debate. The Grand Councilors suggested Yingzong to designate the Prince of Pu as his &amp;ldquo;deceased father&amp;rdquo;. A large number of officials from other bureaus, including the Secretariats, Hanlin Academicians, Censors and Remonstrators, and ritual officials objected to this proposal. They insisted that Yingzong as the adopted son of Renzong should designate his biological father as his &amp;ldquo;deceased uncle&amp;rdquo;. Eventually, Yingzong was allowed to name his father as a &amp;ldquo;relative&amp;rdquo; under the permission of Empress dowager Cao, his adopted mother. Through an analysis of the opponents&amp;rsquo; arguments against the grand councilors&amp;rsquo; proposal, this article argues that Song scholar-officials since the 1050s were inclined to reveal their political stances through the interpretation of particular imperial rituals. From this point of view, this article provides a new explanation of the origin of the &amp;ldquo;Puyi&amp;rdquo; debate, and demonstrates how ritual learning merged with political agenda in the mid-Northern Song.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;