Number Of Musculoskeletal Disorders Research Articles

Novel Multi-View RGB Sensor for Continuous Motion Analysis in Kinetic Chain Exercises: A Pilot Study for Simultaneous Validity and Intra-Test Reliability.

As the number of musculoskeletal disorders caused by smartphone usage, sedentary lifestyles, and active sports activities increases, there is a growing demand for precise and accurate measurement and evaluation of issues such as incorrect compensation patterns, asymmetrical posture, and limited joint operation range. Urgent development of new inspection equipment is necessary to address issues such as convenience, economic feasibility, and post-processing difficulties. Using 4DEYE®, a new multi-view red, green, and blue (RGB) sensor-based motion analysis equipment, and the VICON® ratio, which are infrared-based markers, we conducted a comparative analysis of the simultaneous validity of the joint angle (trajectory) and reliability. In this study, five healthy participants who could perform movements were selected for the pilot study and two movements (Y-balance and side dip) were analyzed. In addition, the ICC (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient) was analyzed using the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) V.18 while the number of data frames of each equipment was equalized using the MATLAB program. The results revealed that side dips, which are open kinetic chain exercises (intraclass correlation coefficient ICC(2.1), 0.895-0.996), showed very high concordance with the Y-balance test, a closed kinetic chain exercise (ICC(2.1), 0.678-0.990). The joint measurement results were similar regardless of the movement in the open or closed kinetic chain exercise, confirming the high reliability of the newly developed multiview RGB sensor. This is of great significance because we obtained important and fundamental results that can be used in various patterns of exercise movements in the future.

Comparison of Fatigue Level, Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Activity Level in Aircraft Engineers Working in the Morning Shift and Night Shift

Abstract Background Shift work is a system in which different groups of workers work at different times of the day and night. It may affect the physiological health of an individual and hence fatigue, musculoskeletal disorder and changes in physical activity may arise. Objective To compare the fatigue level, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and physical activity level in aircraft engineers working in morning shift and night shift. Method The study consisted of 100 aircraft engineers working at Indira Gandhi International Airport, Terminal 1. 50 aircraft engineers working in morning shift and 50 aircraft engineers working in night shift participated in the study. Self-administered questionnaire i. e., Chalder Fatigue Scale, Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and International Physical Activity Questionnaire were used to access the fatigue level, the number of MSDs, and physical activity level, respectively. Results The results showed significant difference in fatigue level, and the level of physical activity morning shift versus night shift workers (p<0.001). The mean value of fatigue level in morning shift was 4.9 and in night shift was 14.6. The average mean value of physical activity level in morning shift was 1972.61 MET min a week and in night shift was 1277.83 MET min a week. MSDs were more common in night shift workers as compared to morning shift workers. Conclusion The findings of the study suggested an increased in the level of fatigue and decrease in the physical activity level among aircraft engineers working night shift compared to those working morning shift. There are more MSDs in aircraft engineers working night shift as compared to those working morning shift.

The association between physical activity and musculoskeletal disorders-a cross-sectional study of teachers.

Combined with insufficient physical activity (PA) prolonged and improperly performed sedentary work can lead to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The aim of this study was (I) to evaluate the self-reported level of PA and the prevalence of MSDs in male and female teachers, and (II) to investigate the association between PA and MSDs in teachers in Polish primary and secondary schools. The study included 254 teachers from primary and secondary schools from Upper Silesia, Poland, excluding physical education teachers. The level of PA was assessed using the Seven-Day Physical Activity Recall (SDPAR). A standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) was used to assess the prevalence of MSDs. A similar percentage of female (80%) and male (90%) teachers met the WHO recommendations on moderate-intensity PA. The recommendations on performing vigorous-intensity PA were met by significantly (p = 0.002) less female than male teachers (50% and 75% respectively). Lower back disorders during the last 12 months and the last 7 days (57% and 45%, respectively) were the most commonly reported MSDs by teachers, followed by neck (53%, 40%), upper back (39%, 28%), and knee disorders (37%, 26%). The highest pain intensity was experienced by the teachers in the lower back and neck. Teachers with a greater number of MSDs were less likely to engage in vigorous-intensity PA and total PA than those with fewer painful areas of the body. Pain intensity in the neck, knees, upper- and lower back, and wrists/hands was negatively related to moderate and total PA. BMI negatively correlated with total PA, moderate-intensity PA vigorous-intensity PA, and high vigorous-intensity PA. The study revealed the association between PA and MSDs in studied teachers. The most of the studied teachers met the WHO recommendation, and women were less likely to perform vigorous and high-vigorous PA than men. The lower back and neck disorders were the most common among the teachers.

Relationship between physical activity and musculoskeletal disorders among low income housewives in Kuala Lumpur: A cross sectional study.

Housewives play a crucial role in their families’ and communities’ quality of life. However, musculoskeletal disorders are common among housewives due to housework and lack of physical activity. These musculoskeletal problems have been associated to leisure physical activity. As a result, the goal of this study was to determine the incidence of musculoskeletal problems and their association to physical activity among low-income women in Kuala Lumpur. A cross-sectional research was done among 82 housewives in Kuala Lumpur’s low-income housing area. Housewives were asked to fill out a sociodemographic questionnaire, a short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), and body mass index were measured by researcher. The total prevalence of musculoskeletal problems was found to be 89.0%, with the lowest frequency in the lower back (35%), followed by the knee (31%), ankle or foot (31%), and elbow (1% %). The subjects spent an average of 117.6 + 474.8 minutes per week on MVPA and 524 + 810.3 MET minutes per week on physical activity. A total of 88% of the participants had a low level of physical activity, 8.5 percent had a moderate level of activity, and 3.7% had a high level of activity. In a Chi-square test, there was no significant association between musculoskeletal problems and physical activity. The primary sociodemographic factors impacting musculoskeletal diseases were body mass index and household income, while the primary variables influencing physical activity were household income and education level, according to a logistic regression test. In a Poisson regression test, only body mass index had a significant relationship with number of musculoskeletal disorders. In conclusion, housewives are likely to suffer from musculoskeletal problems, with a high incidence in the lower back, knees, ankles, and feet, and the majority of them engage in little physical activity. Furthermore, the high percentage of musculoskeletal problems in this study varies with the findings of other research based on the type of housework done by housewives in low-cost housing areas. Future research should look at identifying the sorts of household tasks and positions employed, as well as the amount of hours spent on housework each week.

A study of musculoskeletal manifestations of diabetes mellitus and their association with HbA1C among diabetic patients

Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing significantly throughout the world. While the vascular complications of diabetes are well recognized and account for the principle mortality and morbidity from the condition, the musculoskeletal manifestations of diabetes are common and not life-threatening, which are an important cause for morbidity, pain, and disability. The most common reported forms of various musculoskeletal manifestations of DM include adhesive capsulitis, hand syndromes such as limited joint mobility syndrome (LJMS), Dupuytren’s contracture (DC), and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), flexor tenosynovitis, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), Charcot’s joints, diabetic amyotrophy (DA), and osteoarthritis. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on a total of 150 patients with type 2 DM for a duration of at least 5 years in Bangalore during the study period from January 2020 to June 2021. The patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled for the study after obtaining informed consent. Detailed history was taken and general physical examination was done to determine the musculoskeletal manifestations of DM. The Disability of Arm Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire was also completed as per the patient’s responses. Laboratory reports were collected, data compiled, and the data were analyzed. Results: Of the 150 cases enrolled, the maximum number of cases belonged to the age group of 36–50 years. About 64% of the diabetic cases were suffering from musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) (LMJS, CTS, shoulder capsulitis, DC, trigger finger, DISH, DA). Among the MSDs, the highest prevalence was by LJMS (28%). There was a positive correlation among the duration of diabetes, HbA1C, and the DASH score among patients with MSDs in this study and this is statistically significant (P < 0.05). We also see that MSDs are present in 72.7% of the females and 57.1% of the males in the study and this was statistically significant (P = 0.048). Conclusion: MSDs have a high prevalence in diabetic patients. With advancing age and uncontrolled HbA1C levels, the number of MSDs was more as well as the severity as indicated by the DASH score. Early and better glycemic control in diabetic patients can reduce the morbidity associated with MSDs as evidenced by the reduced intensity of DASH score in well-controlled patients.

MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS AND ASSOCIATED WORKPLACE RISK FACTORS IN HIGHER EDUCATION EMPLOYEES

Introduction: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are caused by a variety of environmental and organizational workplace factors, which makes them some of the most commonly reported work-related health problems in Europe and the world. Our purpose was to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints among employees in higher education, as well as the most significant risk factors for their occurrence. Material/Methods: The survey was conducted among 542 employees of Trakia University, Bulgaria, using questionnaires on symptoms and exposure to the most common occupational risk factors for MSDs. The subjects were grouped and compared by gender, age, years of service and employment position. Results: 74% of participants reported one or more musculoskeletal complaints, with the most common locations being the lower and upper back, neck, and shoulders. Women had a significantly higher average number of complaints (2.41) than men (1.64), p = 0.000058. A higher percentage of hand/arm MSDs was reported by auxiliary workers, and lower back complaints were more frequently reported by administrative staff, compared to other groups. A positive correlation was found between the number of MSDs and the years of service (r=0.11, p=0.019), but not between MSDs and age. The major reported workplace risk factors for MSDs were working with display screen equipment (55.9% of respondents), frequent, repetitive hand movements (37.46%), and non-ergonomic workstations/arrangements (27.67%). Conclusions: Prevention of MSDs of occupational origin requires a comprehensive approach involving the identification, assessment and control of a number of ergonomic and organizational factors. Similar studies in other occupational groups would help to better understand and prevent these chronic, painful and often disabling diseases.

Insufficient Rest Breaks at Workplace and Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Korean Kitchen Workers.

BackgroundThe socioeconomic burden of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) is significant, and kitchen work is a high-risk occupation for MSDs due to the intensive manual workload and repetitive movements that are involved. However, there are very few studies on MSDs and rest breaks as a workplace intervention among kitchen workers. This study examined the relationship between insufficient rest breaks and increased MSD risk among Korean kitchen workers.MethodsSociodemographic and occupational factors of 1,909 kitchen workers were collected from the 3rd–4th Korean Working Conditions Survey data. Five items on rest breaks at work were categorized into two groups, “sufficient” and “insufficient.” The number of MSDs and work-related MSDs (WMSDs), an outcome variable, was obtained from the sum of MSDs/WMSDs in three anatomical sites (back, neck, and upper limb, lower limb). The association between rest breaks and MSDs was estimated using zero-inflated negative binomial analyses, with adjustments for age, education level, and weekly working hours, and the analyses were stratified by sex.ResultsAfter adjustment, significant associations were found between insufficient rest breaks and an increased risk of MSDs (odds ratio [OR] 1.68 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11–2.54) and WMSDs (OR 1.40 95% CI 1.01–1.96) among female kitchen workers. Insufficient rest breaks were significantly associated with MSDs in female kitchen workers in all three anatomical sites.ConclusionThis study emphasizes the need for rest breaks as a workplace intervention for preventing MSDs in kitchen workers. Further studies to reveal the causality of this relationship are required.

Therapeutic and diagnostic blockade of the knee joint as a component of pain management in gonarthrosis and a predictor of further successful radio-frequent denervation of the joint

According to WHO data, there has been a change in the morbidity structure in the past decades. The number of people with chronic pain syndrome (CPS) is increasing progressively.&#x0D; This is due to population aging and increases in the number of musculoskeletal disorders, including osteoarthritis of the knee joint, which causes not solely temporary or permanent loss of ability to work, but a significant decrease in quality of life in patients. According to WHO, gonarthrosis will become the fourth leading cause of disability among women, and eighth among men in the coming decade (1).

Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Greek Physiotherapists: Traditional and Emerging Risk Factors.

BackgroundMusculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in the health industry are quite common, however, there have only been a few studies regarding physiotherapists, while in Greece, there is an apparent lack of research and data. The aim of this study is to investigate MSDs experienced by physiotherapists in Greece, their causes and specific measures, and good practices followed. Additional emerging risk factors will be examined.MethodsA questionnaire of MSDs followed by individual and workplace characteristics was completed by 252 physiotherapists. It covered the major workplace categories such as public hospitals, private rehabilitation centers, and private practices.ResultsAnalysis indicated that 89% of the respondents had experienced a work-related MSD; 32.2% of those injuries occurred within the first 5 years of working. The most lumbered physiotherapists were those working as private practitioners and almost half of the injured respondents chose to work while injured. The most common measure taken to tackle work related MSDs was found to be physical therapy sessions. Job satisfaction and psychosocial issues were also identified as side-effects of the economic slowdown.ConclusionPhysiotherapists in Greece were found to suffer from MSDs; workplace musculoskeletal injuries were quite common but under-reported. The body parts most affected were the lower back, the upper back, the shoulders, and the neck. There was a strong correlation between the workplace setting and the number of MSDs. A well-defined occupational safety and health management system and strict administration steering were found to reduce MSDs. The economic slowdown experienced in Greece during the execution of this study placed additional pressure on physiotherapists.

Biocompatibility of a new biodegradable polymer-hydroxyapatite composite for biomedical applications

The rise in the number of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) due to an increasingly aging population has led to a growing demand for medication to prevent and treat these diseases. An increased interest in the development of new drugs to allow treatment of these diseases in their very early stages is currently observed. The current approach on local direct delivery of medication and key minerals to support bone repair and regeneration at the defect site, from flexible degradable devices, seems to be an effective strategy. Polylactic acid (PLA) and microspheres of hydrothermally converted coralline hydroxyapatite (cHAp) were used to develop PLA thin film composites as drug delivery systems. The PLA provided flexibility and biodegradability of the systems, while coralline hydroxyapatite provided the required calcium and phosphate ions for bone regeneration. These coralline hydroxyapatite microspheres have a unique architecture of interconnected porosity, are bioactive in nature and suitable for drug loading and controlled slow drug release. The cell attachment and morphology of the PLA thin film composites were evaluated in vitro using cell cultures of human adipose derived stem cells (hADSC). It was shown that hADSC cells exhibited a strong attachment and proliferation on PLA thin film-cHAp composites, signifying high biocompatibility and a potential for osteointegration due to the presence of HAp.

An explorative qualitative study to determine the footwear needs of workers in standing environments

BackgroundMany work places require standing for prolonged periods of time and are potentially damaging to health, with links to musculoskeletal disorders and acute trauma from workplace accidents. Footwear provides the only interaction between the body and the ground and therefore a potential means to impact musculoskeletal disorders. However, there is very limited research into the necessary design and development of footwear based on both the physical environmental constraints and the personal preference of the workers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore workers needs for footwear in the ‘standing’ workplace in relation to MSD, symptoms, comfort and design.MethodSemi-structured interviews were conducted with participants from demanding work environments that require standing for high proportions of the working day. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the results and gain an exploratory understanding into the footwear needs of these workers.ResultsInterviews revealed the environmental demands and a very high percentage of musculoskeletal disorders, including day to day discomfort and chronic problems. It was identified that when designing work footwear for standing environments, the functionality of the shoe for the environment must be addressed, the sensations and symptoms of the workers taken into account to encourage adherence and the decision influencers should be met to encourage initial footwear choice. Meeting all these criteria could encourage the use of footwear with the correct safety features and comfort. Development of the correct footwear and increased education regarding foot health and footwear choice could help to reduce or improve the effect of the high number of musculoskeletal disorders repeatedly recorded in jobs that require prolonged periods of standing.ConclusionThis study provides a unique insight into the footwear needs of some workers in environments that require prolonged standing. This user based enquiry has provided information which is important to workplace footwear design.

Evaluation of Related Risk Factors in Number of Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Carpet Weavers in Iran

BackgroundMusculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a common problem among carpet weavers. This study was undertaken to introduce affecting personal and occupational factors in developing the number of MSDs among carpet weavers.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed among 862 weavers in seven towns with regard to workhouse location in urban or rural regions. Data were collected by using questionnaires that contain personal, workplace, and information tools and the modified Nordic MSDs questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed by applying Poisson and negative binomial mixed models using a full Bayesian hierarchical approach. The deviance information criterion was used for comparison between models and model selection.ResultsThe majority of weavers (72%) were female and carpet weaving was the main job of 85.2% of workers. The negative binomial mixed model with lowest deviance information criterion was selected as the best model. The criteria showed the convergence of chains. Based on 95% Bayesian credible interval, the main job and weaving type variables statistically affected the number of MSDs, but variables age, sex, weaving comb, work experience, and carpet weaving looms were not significant.ConclusionAccording to the results of this study, it can be concluded that occupational factors are associated with the number of MSDs developing among carpet weavers. Thus, using standard tools and decreasing hours of work per day can reduce frequency of MSDs among carpet weavers.

Musculoskeletal anomalies in a national cohort of children and adolescents with trisomy 21

Musculoskeletal complications of Down syndrome are common. Joint laxity, which may be associated with delayed ambulation, is almost universal. The combination of this ligamentous laxity and low muscle tone contribute to an increased risk of a number of musculoskeletal disorders in children with Down syndrome.

Health Risks to Computer Workers in Various Indoor Facilities

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the main cause of occupational diseases in Estonia and Europe. The number of MSDs has increased with the increasing number of computer workers and the increasing workload overall. In the current paper, the survey of 295 workers in Estonian enterprises is carried out to clarify the reasons of occupational stress. The causes of occupational stress are non-ergonomically designed workplace, social and human factors. The main questionnaires used were KIVA and GPSnordic. The conclusion is that KIVA questionnaire alone is too mild to point out the risk factors. The comparison with other questionnaires has to be carried out.

Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System among Tehran, Iranian Dentists

Objectives: Although dental practitioners are confronted with a number of musculoskeletal disorders, relatively few studies have focused on this profession. The aim of this study was to investigate...

Costs of occupational musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in the United States

BackgroundFor the years 1992–2010 musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) accounted for 29–35% of all occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work in the United States (US) (AFL-CIO, 2012). According to the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) 2012 report ‘Death on the Job’, for the years 1992 through 2010 the percent of cases involving MSDs in private industry were highest in 2000 (35%) and lowest in 2007 (29%). In 2010, the median number of days away from work for MSDs was 11 compared to 8 for all occupational injury cases involving days away from work; the median number of days away from work for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) was 25, more than three times as high as for all other BLS injuries involving days away from work (BLS, 2011). This study estimated the costs of work related MSDs, and given that the number of days lost due to CTS is very high, it also estimated the costs of CTS separately in the United States (US) for the years 2003 through 2007. MethodsThe costs of work related MSDs and CTS in the US were estimated using the cost-of-illness, human capital method (Leigh et al., 2000), using some of the costs from the literature. This method decomposes costs into direct and indirect categories. Estimates of total cost of MSDs and CTS were obtained from the product of average costs of MSDs and CTS and the number of MSDs and CTS. The number of MSDs and CTS were obtained from BLS data. ResultsThe number of reported work-related MSDs declined from 435,180 in 2003 to 335,390 in 2007 and the reported number of CTS also declined from 22,110 in 2003 to 11,920 in 2007. The direct costs of MSDs and CTS were respectively $1.5 billion and $0.1 billion for the year 2007. The indirect costs were $1.1 billion and $0.1 billion for MSDs and CTS respectively for the year 2007. DiscussionThis study found that the total costs of work-related MSDs and CTS declined during the period 2003 through 2007 but the average costs per case went up signifying that medical costs and other associated costs increased during this period. Relevance to industryThe costs of MSDs are important to the industries too as a significant part of these costs are borne by the employers. Industries with higher prevalence of MSDs are affected more in terms of lost productivities due to the employees' days away from work because of MSDs. In cases of MSDs causing permanent disabilities, new hiring and training costs are also a part of the losses experienced by the employers.

PReS-FINAL-2260: Provisional findings of an on-going study of musculoskeletal anomalies in a national cohort of patients with trisomy 21

Musculoskeletal complications of Down syndrome are common. Joint laxity is almost universal. This, in combination with low muscle tone, contribute to increased risk of a number of musculoskeletal disorders e.g. atlanto-axial instability, patella instability & pes planus. Arthritis in children with Down syndrome is also reported. Down's Arthropathy (DA) is thought to be 3-6 times more common than JIA in the general paediatric population. Despite this fact, DA is rarely recognised at onset & remains under-diagnosed. This contributes to unnecessary disability & functional impairment.

Quantification of the Physical Demands for Servers in Restaurants

Serving staff are an integral part of restaurant establishments. Although over 2.2 million individuals are employed as wait staff in the US and experience a considerable number of musculoskeletal disorders each year, little is known about their work-related risk factors for MSDs. Using observational methods, a physical activity monitor, and surveys, this study quantified the physical demands experienced by servers over a shift. Twenty wait staff were evaluated for postures used during serving, tray weight, pain symptoms, and perceived workload. Results showed increases (upwards of 60%) in pain throughout their shift, substabtial time spent standing or walking (~75%), and potentially risky arm/wrist postures during serving, even though a majority of servers indicated lighter than normal workloads during the observation period. While further research is needed, this study provides a first glimpse at the physical demands experienced by wait staff.

Relationship Between Musculoskeletal Disorders, Job Demands, and Burnout Among Emergency Nurses

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) represent one of the most common occupational problems in nursing. MSDs can negatively impact one's quality of life. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between MSDs, job demands, and burnout among emergency nurses. The researchers hypothesized that increased job demands were associated with more MSDs and consequently higher levels of burnout. The study was conducted on a convenience sample of 58 nurses working in the emergency departments of Zagazig University Hospital and Al-Ahrar, Hospital Egypt from October to December 2010, using a cross-sectional analytic design. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire that included the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire, the Job Content Questionnaire, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The results revealed that 32.8% of the nurses were overweight and 17.2% were obese. The most common sites of pain were the neck (67.2%), shoulder (65.5%), and lower back (63.8%). Lower back pain was the most common site affected (72.4%) with a mean 5.1 on a scale ranging from 0 to 13. A positive correlation existed between the scores of job demand and burnout (r = 0.340, p < 0.01), and the number of reported MSDs with the score of job demand (r = 0.33, p < 0.05). Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis identified the score of job demand and the severity of lower back pain as positive independent predictors of the burnout whereas the job demand score was the independent predictor of the number of MSDs. This study documents an increased prevalence of MSDs among emergency nurses, as predicted by increased job demand and associated with a higher level of burnout. Hence, it is important for hospital and nursing administrators to address the factors contributing to job stress and burnout, with emphasis on job satisfaction and work organization to alleviate the burden of psychosocial factors in this setting.

A Survey on the Implementation of Musculoskeletal Disorders Prevention Program in Shipbuilding Industry

Objective: In 2010, the rate of injuries and illnesses in the shipbuilding industry was 1.20, about 1.74 times higher than the average of overall industries(0.69). Musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs) became a major problem since 2000 in shipbuilding industry. The purpose of this study was to provide efficient implementation management through evaluating the economic effectiveness of the Musculoskeletal Disorders Prevention Program(MDPP). Successfully implementing the MDPP in the workplace may decrease the risk of MSDs and therefore reduce MSDs related costs. Methods: Occupational accident index (frequency rate, severity rate, and frequency severity indicator), estimated direct costs, and total occupational accident occurrence rate were provided by analysis of MSDs, statistical analysis of MDPP decreed companies, and data analysis of implementation. Results: The study shows the number of MSDs for MDPP decreed companies decreased 76.2% from 2,319 in 2004 to 551 in 2008. Above all, the number of MSDs decreased 78.7% in Shipbuilding industries. Forty companies (85.1%) showed a decreasing tendency and 27.7% of those had an R² ＞ 0.7. Similar results were found in severity rate and frequency severity indicator. From these results, it appears there are a number of advantages in implementing the MDPP. Conclusion: MDPP effectiveness was demonstrated by analysing implementation and occupational accident index. A more effective and efficient implementation would take into account business sector, size, policy, and organization of the company.