Impressive Number Research Articles

The Effective Communication through Climate Change Campaign in Sustainable Port Development

Port development has an impact on climate change. A sustainable port as a solution to the problem focuses on three pillars: economic, social and environmental. This article explores and analyses the challenges to the development of sustainable development of PT Pelabuhan Indonesia (Pelindo), using PT Terminal Petikemas Surabaya (TPS) as a case study. Our aim in this study is to highlight the importance of two pillars, namely environmental and social in the concept of sustainability. This study analyses the environmental climate change campaign conducted by TPS. The researcher used a qualitative descriptive approach to conduct the case study. Data were collected through interviews and observations as primary data, while internal company data, documentary films, internet media coverage, and literature studies became secondary data. The research revealed the company's communication process by collecting information regarding the number of impressions received from news coverage and social media reports. Since TPS has not determined a standardised score, the communication process needs a more comprehensive evaluation. TPS should focus on this area further to determine the effectiveness of its current communication strategy.

The Impact of Passive Social Media Viewers in Influence Maximization

A frequently studied problem in the context of digital marketing for online social networks is the influence maximization problem that seeks for an initial seed set of influencers to trigger an information propagation cascade (in terms of active message forwarders) of expected maximum impact. Previously studied problems typically neglect that the probability that individuals passively view content without forwarding it is much higher than the probability that they forward content. Considering passive viewing enables us to maximize more natural (social media) marketing metrics, including (a) the expected organic reach, (b) the expected number of total impressions, or (c) the expected patronage, all of which are investigated in this paper for the first time in the context of influence maximization. We propose mathematical models to maximize these objectives, whereby the model for variant (c) includes individual’s resistances and uses a multinomial logit model to model customer behavior. We also show that these models can be easily adapted to a competitive setting in which the seed set of a competitor is known. In a computational study based on network graphs from Twitter (now X) and from the literature, we show that one can increase the expected patronage, organic reach, and number of total impressions by 36% on average (and up to 13 times in particular cases) compared with seed sets obtained from the classical maximization of message-forwarding users. History: Accepted by Andrea Lodi, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms—Discrete. Funding: This work was supported by the Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research of Austria and by the Austrian Agency for International Mobility and Cooperation in Education, Science and Research [Reference ICM-2019-13384]. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2023.0047 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2023.0047 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .

Electrocatalytic urea synthesis from CO2 and nitrate co-reduction on natural vitamin B12 coupled carbon nanotubes

The synthesis of urea from CO2 and nitrate co-electrolysis is highly attractive for the sustainable production of nitrogen-containing fertilizers such as urea. However, this process requires electrocatalysts that are not only highly active but also selective. In this study, we present a remarkable approach wherein Vitamin B12 is immobilized on the surface of carbon nanotubes to catalyze the co-electroreduction to urea under ambient conditions. This unique hybrid system, incorporating a naturally abundant molecular catalyst, exhibits exceptional selectivity and maintains a constant current density in CO2-saturated 0.1 M KNO3. Remarkably, we achieved a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 26.04% at −0.5 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), resulting in a production yield of 164.04 μg h−1 mg−1 and an impressive turnover number (TON) reaching up to 830.53 while demonstrating excellent stability and durability over a period of 50 hours. Our experimental findings are further supported by density functional theory (DFT) studies that shed light on the influence exerted by the covalently attached and redox-active benzimidazole unit within Vitamin B12 molecule itself when immobilized onto conductive surfaces like carbon nanotubes. This work represents an unprecedented example where naturally abundant vitamin has been successfully immobilized on a conductive surface for achieving highly efficient electroproduction of urea.

Missionary Writings during the Canton Exile (1666–1671): Crisis in the Manchu-Christian Relationship

During their Canton exile (1666–1671), European missionaries wrote an impressive number of reports and letters which have not been systematically studied until now. After presenting a detailed analysis of the institutional background of the 25 missionaries who arrived in Canton, we analyze the first internal reports about the Calendar Case. Then, we discuss three important Jesuit works by Gabiani, Grelon and Rougemont, who attributed the crisis to the opposition of the Manchus to Christianity. The distrust of the Canton Jesuits towards the Manchus throws a new light into the approach of Christianity towards politics and religion in China.

Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage in Vâlcea County, South-West Oltenia Region: Motivations, Belief and Tourists’ Perceptions

Vâlcea County in the South-West Oltenia Region, Romania, has a great diversity of tourist destinations and boasts an impressive number of monasteries, churches and places of worship. This research aims to comprehensively investigate how tourists perceive the main reasons for visiting religious settlements and the frequency in Vâlcea County, situated in the South-West Oltenia Region, by employing a two-stage methodology to understand the interplay of demographic variables, travel behaviors and individual motivations, while utilizing GIS and SPSS for spatial and quantitative analysis. The two stages are: (1) the analysis of the specialized literature to identify the motivations, beliefs and tourists’ perceptions regarding religious tourism and pilgrimage and (2) statistical analyses and interviews with internal stakeholders (residents), which present their tourist and religious perspective on Vâlcea County. The research questions aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the intricate interplay between demographic variables, travel behaviors and individual motivations within this distinctive context. The research significantly contributes to furthering our understanding of the behavior of participants in religious tourism and pilgrimage in Vâlcea County, highlighting that certain variables, such as gender, education level and occupation, may or may not significantly impact their preferences and choices. Geographical Information System (GIS) software was used to map the study area and, at the same time, the main places of worship that were visited by tourists. The SPSS (version 15.0) program was used to investigate and analyze the quantitative research data. The results reveal that, in Vâlcea County’s religious tourism and pilgrimage, gender, age and education level do not significantly impact travel choices or visit durations. However, occupation emerges as a crucial factor influencing transportation preferences, while respondents’ place of origin shows no significant association with the presence of accompanying individuals during religious visits. The current research was limited by its focus on a single case study of Vâlcea County in the South-West Oltenia Region and the scarcity of previous studies on religious tourism and pilgrimage in Vâlcea County.

Nematode production in artificial ponds: a long-term perspective

Summary Nematodes are the most abundant multicellular animals on Earth and play an important role as intermediaries in energy fluxes. However, estimations of nematode biomass turnover and secondary production have been poorly defined for decades and it is difficult to reach a consensus about the importance of nematodes for ecosystem functioning. Here we monitored monthly the nematode species composition, abundance and biomass over 3-10 years in a set of artificial urban ponds, and we used different allometric models to estimate biomass turnover and secondary production. During the first 3 years of colonisation of the pond bottom, the nematode community was rather species-poor and mostly composed of small bacterivorous species (Monhysterids); however, the community quickly reached impressive numbers (up to 21 million individuals m−2) achieving a maximum annual production of 3.8-11.6 gC m−2 year−1 depending on the allometric model used for estimation. However, over the long-term (3-10 years), abundance and community structure eventually became dramatically altered by anoxic events occurring in one pond, dampening nematode production to low levels (0.3-0.6 gC m−2 year−1) without clear resilience. The comparison of models helped us to formulate general recommendations in order to popularise the use of nematode secondary production as a useful ecosystem diagnostic tool. Overall, results indicated that under good conditions of oxygenation nematodes are a highly productive component of the zoobenthos of ponds. We also discussed the consequences of this finding for sustainable pond aquaculture, as nematodes constitute an important local and nutritive resource for juveniles of economically important fish, such as carp and tilapia.

Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Management: A Call for Better Acknowledgment-Part 1 Pharmacological Differences in Women and Men; How Relevant Are They?

Sex differences (SDs) in pharmacology of cardiovascular (CV) drugs have been described previously; however, paradoxically, there are scarce recommendations in therapy based on these differences. It is of utmost importance to identify whether these SDs determine a modified clinical response and the potential practical implications for this, to provide a base for personalized medicine. The aim of this article was to outline the most important pharmacological drivers of cardiovascular drugs that differ between women and men, along with their implications and challenges in clinical practice. A detailed assessment of English-written resources reflecting SDs impact in CV drug pharmacology was performed using PubMed and Embase databases. Despite large variations in CV drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in individuals, correcting for height, weight, surface area, and body composition compensate for most "sex-dependent" differences. In addition, individual, cultural, and social factors significantly impact disease management in women versus men. Gender-biased prescribing patterns and gender-dependent adherence to therapy also influence outcomes. The development of sex-specific guidelines requires that they should reflect the SDs implications for the management of a disease and that the evidence should be carefully evaluated as to whether there is an adequate representation of both sexes and whether sex-disaggregated data are reported. Pharmacological drivers are under the influence of an impressive number of differences between women and men. However, to establish their significance in clinical practice, an adequate representation of women in studies and the reporting of distinct results is mandatory.

LIDAR AND NEW DISCOVERIES OF HILLFORTS IN LATVIA

In the last four years, an explosion-like process of discovering new hillforts has been observed. This has been made possible due to the public availability of LIDAR relief maps and point-cloud data collected in the scanning process. This paper aims to describe the practical process of working with LIDAR data in discovering, describing and registering new hillforts, as well as look for answers to the question of why have so many hillforts (77 in the time from 2018 until 2021) only been discovered now and using remote sensing data. The paper gives an insight into the process of collaboration between professional archaeologists and history enthusiasts that spend countless hours going through LIDAR maps looking for relief transformations characteristic of hillforts. The result of this collaboration is an impressive number on new hillfort sites that change our views on settlement patterns and social processes in Latvian prehistory, especially in the Latgale region. This region has by far the highest number of new hillfort sites and it seems that the reasons for only discovering these hillforts with remote sensing data is related to the ethnic history of the region and the loss of hillfort folklore because of demographic and migration processes.

Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: Challenges of a Complex Disease.

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a complex interstitial lung disease caused by chronic inhalation of a wide variety of antigens in susceptible and sensitized individuals, commonly associated with an occupational exposure. An impressive number of inciting antigens causing hypersensitivity pneumonitis have been found to cover a wide range of occupations. As working practices have changed over time, especially in industrialized countries, new names for occupational HP have emerged. This review emphasizes the main diagnostic issues arising from the high variability of clinical presentation and the broad spectrum of causal antigens. Furthermore, it provides an overview of current methods to unveil possible causes of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, highlights HP's current diagnostic and treatment challenges and the remaining areas of uncertainty, and presents prevention strategies.

Solving Resource Allocation Problem in Wifi Network by Dantzig-Wolfe Decomposition Algorithm

Online advertising and advancements is a recent trend in marketing technology, in this context we consider a new form of contract which allows advertisers to specify in the Wifi system. Based on the structure of the system, we have to organize and manage resource allocation such that the guaranteed display is satisfied. We introduce a new mathematical model and develop an optimization framework that aims to optimize “fairness” of allocation each campaign over its targeted location. Because of large scale problem, the Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition is proposed for solving it. Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition is a technique for dealing with large scale linear programming and modified to solve linear integer programming, nonlinear programming. Especially, it is used mostly in linear programming when its size is very large, and its structure is appropriate. The technique has been successfully applied in a variety of contexts. In this paper, we introduce a new model of a resource allocation problem in Wifi network and represent Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition for solving this problem by dividing the number of advertisement impressions when users access the Wifi network. The numerical simulation shows the efficiency of our proposed method.

«Гайдар и сегодня в строю…» (о каноне советского детского чтения и его ресайклинге)

The article is devoted to the problem of demand and concomitant reinterpretation of the Soviet literary heritage in the 2000s. The work of Arkady Gaidar, recognized as the best Soviet children’s writer during his lifetime and as an author who fully expressed Soviet values — heroism in the struggle for the establishment of Soviet power and collectivism — in the Soviet period was widely available to readers-children. Both the print runs of his works and the number of reprints (including in school anthologies) were very significant: he was in the top ten in terms of the size of print runs and the regularity of reprints. Based on a study of the history of the publication of Gaidar’s texts from 1926 to 1984, publishing and pedagogical preferences in the selection of works for reprinting have been identified: most often, “The Tale of a Military Secret” was reprinted in impressive numbers, as its ideological content glorified heroic sacrifice in the name of establishing Soviet power. The story “Timur and His Gang” had the same number of reissues as “Military Secret”. In the 1990s, reprinting of Gaidar’s works was sharply reduced, and the choice of what was published also changed: the first place is occupied by “Chuk and Gek”, which depicted everyday family life. In 2000–2022, the story “Timur and His Gang”, which emphasizes the values of class mutual assistance and collectivism, becomes the most reprinted. Publication of other works by Gaidar also demonstrates a noticeable change in emphasis: there is a sharp drop in reissues of the stories “School” and “R. V. S.”, which have temporal contextualization in the historical events of the October Revolution and the Civil War. This allows us to say that the mobilization narrative, which is generally characteristic of Gaidar’s works, is losing its historical conditionality (the Revolution and the Civil War). At the same time, the reprinting of works about peacetime, which takes place in the immediate vicinity of hostilities that require mobilization efforts by both adults and children, have been renewed in the current book offerings for young readers. Recent initiatives to bring Gaidar’s works back into the school curriculum also testify to the reactualization.

Natural products from the human microbiome: an emergent frontier in organic synthesis and drug discovery.

Often referred to as the "second genome", the human microbiome is at the epicenter of complex inter-habitat biochemical networks like the "gut-brain axis", which has emerged as a significant determinant of cognition, overall health and well-being, as well as resistance to antibiotics and susceptibility to diseases. As part of a broader understanding of the nexus between the human microbiome, diseases and microbial interactions, whether encoded secondary metabolites (natural products) play crucial signalling roles has been the subject of intense scrutiny in the recent past. A major focus of these activities involves harvesting the genomic potential of the human microbiome via bioinformatics guided genome mining and culturomics. Through these efforts, an impressive number of structurally intriguing antibiotics, with enhanced chemical diversity vis-à-vis conventional antibiotics have been isolated from human commensal bacteria, thereby generating considerable interest in their total synthesis and expanding their therapeutic space for drug discovery. These developments augur well for the discovery of new drugs and antibiotics, particularly in the context of challenges posed by mycobacterial resistance and emerging new diseases. The current landscape of various synthetic campaigns and drug discovery initiatives on antibacterial natural products from the human microbiome is captured in this review with an intent to stimulate further activities in this interdisciplinary arena among the new generation.

Собор святых, в земле Красноярской просиявших. К вопросу иконографии

At the turn of the XX-XXI centuries the list of saints of the Orthodox Church has been replenished with an impressive number of names of new martyrs and confessors who suffered during the Soviet era. In this regard, such a phenomenon as the "Synaxes of the Saints of the Diocese" has spread widely. As you know, each Catholic memory of saints established in the Church involves veneration, therefore, new celebrations appear dedicated to the Synaxes of the ascetics of the Russian Church in various regions of the country. And this means that right now new iconographic images of the New Martyrs and locally venerated saints are being born. Modern icon painters are actively engaged in the creation of icons and temple paintings that glorify the new saints and tell about the torment and executions to which they were subjected. In 2015, the Synaxe of Saints of the Krasnoyarsk Metropolis was established. To date, only three icons dedicated to the Synaxe of the Krasnoyarsk Saints are known. The article for the first time examines the process of adding the iconography of the Synaxe of the Krasnoyarsk Saints within the framework of church canonical art, defines its historical and partly theological aspects, analyzes compositional and stylistic devices, shows the role of symbolism in revealing the image, determines the uniqueness of the figurative solution, identifies some problems and trends in the development of modern church art. painting in Krasnoyarsk. The author for the first time introduces new names of Krasnoyarsk masters and their works into scientific circulation.

THE PHYTOCOENOTIC STUDY REGARDING THE WET HABITATS FOUND ON THE COPĂNIȚA ISLAND, DOLJ COUNTY, ROMANIA

The territory under study is an island located very close to the flow of the Jiu into the Danube, in the lower course of the Danube, and represents a protected area for important species and habitats of community and priority interest, as well as an important migration area for an impressive number of protected birds.This territory is part of the ROSCI0045 Coridorul Jiului Protected Area. Considering the extremely varied and rich biodiversity of this area, we started in 2022 the realization of complex studies regarding the flora, vegetation as well as the habitats of community and priority interest found on Copanița Island. In the present work, a study is presented regarding the phytocenology of wet habitats of conservation interest as well as the anthropogenic impact on them. Thus, the following wetland habitats were identified: 3160 - Natural dystrophic lakes and ponds (CLAS. PAL.: 22.14), 3150 - Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamion or Hydrocharition-type vegetation (CLAS. PAL.: 22.13 x (22.41 sau 22.421), 3130 - Oligotrophic to mesotrophic standing waters with vegetation of the Littorelletea uniflorae and/or Isoëto-Nanojuncetea (CLAS. PAL.: 22.12 x (22.31 şi 22.32) and 3270 - Rivers with muddy banks with Chenopodion rubri p.p. and Bidention p.p. vegetation (CLAS. PAL.: 24.52). From the phytocoenotic point of view, the following aquatic and palustre plant communities were identified: Myriophyllo verticillati-Nupharetum luteae Koch 1926, Trapo-Nymphoidetum Oberd. 1957, Lemno-Spirodeletum Koch 1954, Spirodelo-Salvinietum natantis Slavnič 1965, Lemno-Salvinietum natantis Miyawaki et Tüxen 1960, Cyperetum flavescentis Koch ex Aichinger 1933 and Bidenti-Polygonetum hydropiperis Lohm. in Tüxen 1950, Polygono lapathifolio – Bidentetum Klika 1935; Echinochloo – Polygonetum lapathifolii Soo et Csurrs 1974. The climate changes of recent years had a particularly negative effect on these habitats with a particular impact on the surfaces of the habitats but also on the structure and physiognomy of the edifying plant communities.

Экопсихологическая компетентность во взаимодействии с пространственной средой повседневной жизни: теоретические основы и практики развития

The author analyzes the theoretical foundations and practices of the development of ecopsychological compe-tence as the ability of the subject to determine and transform the potential of various characteristics of the spa-tial environment of everyday life into a psychological resource necessary to maintain optimal functioning. A review of theoretical approaches, the focus of which is the position of the environment “as a resource of psy-chological health” and “a resource for overcoming stress” (according to S.K. Nartova-Bochaver), allows us to conclude that there is an impressive number of theoretical “constructions”, where the spatial environment is considered as a factor with which human interaction can contribute to subjective well-being and optimization of psychological functioning. As examples, the salutogenic approach to the interaction between man and the envi-ronment, the theory of the supporting environment, the theory of the restorative environment, the theory of the health-saving environment are given. Some practices of developing a conscious attitude and using the spatial environment of everyday life to maintain psychological well-being are analyzed. It is emphasized that one of such practices is “landscape analytics”, representatives of which note that the psychological resources of inter-action between a person and the space of the natural environment are associated with solving the problems of self-knowledge, self-change, projection, as well as actualization of various meanings, experiences and actions. Another area that actualizes the possibilities for the development of ecopsychological competence is the per-ception of images of the urban and natural environment, where attention is paid to Researchers focus on the resourcefulness of elements and the quality of the visually perceived spatial environment in the field of optimi-zation of cognitive functions and emotional background. Independent practice focused on the development of ecopsychological competence is participatory design, within the framework of which the thesis of the psycho-logical resource of the spatial environment for the development of the subject’s acousticity is formulated. Proof of the existence of a spectrum of everyday practices of office employees to regulate their condition and per-formance by operating with various properties of the spatial environment is the subject of an empirical analysis of ordinary techniques of help in the office. The author concludes that it is relevant to develop a program for the development of ecopsychological competence in interaction with the spatial environment of everyday life.

ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЕ КАМЕННОЙ КЛАДКИ ПОСЛЕ ДИНАМИЧЕСКИХ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЙ. МЕТОДЫ РАСЧЕТА И ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ

Civil engineers are encouraged to apply novel techniques, to improve and to adapt well-known methods amid the reality of modern life. An impressive number of restoration and strengthening techniques are developed for unreinforced masonry (URM) material well-known for centuries. Masonry may need restoration and strengthening due to errors made in the course of design, construction or long-term operation of buildings and structures. Besides, masonry needs strengthening in seismic areas. Strengthening of masonry structures, subjected to dynamic impacts during military operations, was initiated after the Second World War. Construction technologies advanced considerably over the last seventy years, and today shotcrete, a widely known strengthening technique, can be applied for a good reason. This article addresses shotcrete as a method for restoring masonry damaged by explosion impacts. Results of the laboratory testing of materials and parts of structures are provided together with improved methods of analysis. The methodology for computer-aided analysis of buildings is also presented, taking into account the staged nature of work and the ability of external shotcrete to support loads. Practical restoration of buildings is addressed in the conclusions section, and conclusions are drawn there.

Secret Audio and Video Recording as a Criminal Offense and Exceptions From Illegality: Standards, Practice and “Strasbourg” Standards

The criminal legislation in Bosnia and Herzegovina contains an impressive number of criminal offenses, among which is the illegal making of secret audio and video recordings, which has recently attracted a lot of public attention. In this paper, we will try to answer the question of whether it is sometimes permissible to make secret audio and video recordings, and if the answer is yes when it is possible. We will seek an answer to that question with the help of research methods of the normative framework, domestic judicial practice, comparative judicial practice, and the practice of the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg and its public interest construct. We will also present several decisions of the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina and regular courts in Bosnia and Herzegovina so that we can conclude whether and to what extent the "Strasbourg" standards are respected in the application of the law by the domestic judiciary. We will also compare normative solutions from Bosnia and Herzegovina with the same or similar ones from neighboring countries, specifically the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Serbia, which inherit the same, Yugoslav legal system, and like Bosnia and Herzegovina are passing (Republic of Serbia) or have largely passed (Republic Croatia) process of harmonizing national legislation with the law of the European Union and the law of the Council of Europe.

Responses of stomatal density and carbon isotope composition of sugar maple and yellow birch foliage to N, P and CaSiO3 fertilization.

Stomatal density, stomatal length and carbon isotope composition can all provide insights into environmental controls on photosynthesis and transpiration. Stomatal measurements can be time-consuming; it is therefore wise to consider efficient sampling schemes. Knowing the variance partitioning at different measurement levels (i.e., among stands, plots, trees, leaves and within leaves) can aid in making informed decisions around where to focus sampling effort. In this study, we explored the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and calcium silicate (CaSiO3) addition on stomatal density, length and carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton). We observed a positive but small (8%) increase in stomatal density with P addition and an increase in δ13C with N and CaSiO3 addition in sugar maple, but we did not observe effects of nutrient addition on these characteristics in yellow birch. Variability was highest within leaves and among trees for stomatal density and highest among stomata for stomatal length. To reduce variability and increase chances of detecting treatment differences in stomatal density and length, future protocols should consider pretreatment and repeated measurements of trees over time or measure more trees per plot, increase the number of leaf impressions or standardize their locations, measure more stomata per image and ensure consistent light availability.

The Nickname – Sanction or Denominative Method

"Anthroponymy, similar to toponymy, is the mirror within the society. A mirror in which the image can often be reflected in a distorted way: the filter of consciousness, culture and imagination of naming often leaves its mark on the “products” of the denominative process. An example of this is the name of the person that originates from descriptive nicknames, as these always appear as sentences pronounced in the light of the evaluation and reasoning of the others. The acceptance of diversity, and the tolerance (including the denominative tolerance) did not represent, more than a century ago (the period of formation and crystallization of the official family name system) a feature of our old community, especially in the village, which has always sanctioned (sometimes also out of a desire to correct) what did not fit into the patterns of its normality. Any physical or behavioural “deviation” from the “norm” of the community members had denominational consequences. As a result, an impressive number of anthroponyms today come from ancient physical and mental traits/faults. Upon exhaustive research, we could even reconstruct, through these names, the clinical picture of the old Romanian society. In this paper, however, we will limit ourselves to presenting those nicknames that sanction vices of thought, positioning ourselves, semantically, in the sphere of appellations fool and stupid. We will analyze here anthroponyms based on various words with that meaning, for example, Bălgunea (balga, balgan – “netot – silly”), Bolândău (bolând – “idiot, stupid”), Bondrea (bondră – “silly woman, who is good for nothing”), Captiu (capchiu, variant of capiu “bewildered, confused”), etc., but also the announced generics."

What Is in the Neuromuscular Junction Literature?

Abstract This update covers several articles on diagnosis and misdiagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG), the role of complement in MG, and then an impressive number of recent treatment trials. There is a negative study on any corticosteroid-sparing effect of intravenous immunoglobulin. A number of positive studies are reviewed. Open-label extension studies of phase 3 trials showed benefit regarding quality of life with efgartigimod and in functional measures with ravulizumab. The phase 3 RAISE trial of zilucoplan, a self-administered complement C5 inhibitor, is covered as well as the MyCarinG trial of rozanolixizumab. The notion of using fast-acting therapies early in the course of MG is addressed. The last sections center on MG and Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome as a consequence of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.