Number Of Economic Entities Research Articles

Assessment of the Efficiency of Implementing the Regional Program of Preferential Lending to Small and Medium-Sized Businesses (Based on Rostov Region)

Financial factors are crucial for the development of small and medium-sized businesses. The article dwells on the issue of the effectiveness of regional financial support for small and medium-sized businesses implemented in the form of preferential lending, and it also discusses “failures” that generate problems in the implementation of this support. The research object is Rostov region. The authors prove that it is difficult for small and medium-sized businesses to obtain a loan on normal terms due to instability of financial flows. As a result of the analysis, the authors reveal that the volume of lending to small businesses in Rostov region is steadily declining. The decrease in demand for loans from small businesses is connected with high interest rates on bank loans. The article emphasizes that concessional lending can solve the problem through the encouragement of business development in priority areas for the region. The correlation analysis is carried out on the basis of comparing the main indicators of the regional subprogram “Development of small and medium-sized businesses in Rostov region” and indicators of social and economic development of the region. According to the results of the analysis, there is an increase in the number of economic entities in the section of small and medium-sized businesses due to unemployment reduction in the region. However, this quantitative dependence in Rostov region is functionally unstable and probabilistic. At the same time, inefficient organizational and methodological activities of the state in supporting small and medium-sized enterprises have lead to the emergence of “failures” that generate the problem not of the lack of financial resources but of their low demand.

Analysis of the current state of the industrial sector of Ukraine

In the article it is noted that in the conditions of formation of market relations established in the state, it is urgent to activate the work of the existing industrial sector of the region. It is established that a great role in this process is given to regional executive authorities and local self-government, on which a number of problems depend. It is proved that the main driving force for the development of production and improvement of its efficiency in the modern civilized market system is fair competition. The questions of development of the industrial branch in the economy of the country, its formation, current state and tendencies of development are considered. The index of industrial production, the volume of industrial production, the number of economic entities and employed workers in industrial enterprises, the net profit (loss) of industrial enterprises, the share of enterprises that received profit and loss, the level of profitability of industrial enterprises, the amount of capital investments in the Ukrainian industry. The analysis of the current state of the industry of Ukraine shows that at present the stable activity of industrial enterprises is broken. It is established that over the last two years the volume of industrial production has decreased, which is caused by the destruction of production potential and transport infrastructure in the country's industry. The lion's share in the structure of industrial products sold in Ukraine during the analyzed period falls on the manufacturing industry. The decline in the number of enterprises was influenced by the deepening of the monopolization of markets due to their greater influence on them. Also, in the last five years, there has been a decrease in the share of profit-making enterprises in Ukraine. In addition, capital investments in the manufacturing industry have increased since 2016 compared to 2014 and 2015. The same situation is observed in the supply of electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning. According to the results of the research, the list of problems that exist in the industrial complex in Ukraine is presented and the main mechanisms of modernization of the industrial sector of economy are given, which will allow to improve the quality and modernize the process of production of industrial products and to increase the level of competitiveness.

Market capacity of Ukrainian regions: dominants of forming and evaluation

The paper outlines the nature of the spatial approach to the evaluation of the market capacity of Ukrainian regions, which is based on the evaluation of accessibility and capacity of regional markets and their attractiveness. The paper substantiates the fact that the evaluation of regions’ market capacity requires a complex approach that takes into account the available economic capacity of a region from the viewpoint of evaluation of demand and supply on the regional goods market. The availability of the relationship between the volume of market capacity and the number of economic entities is empirically verified. The declining level of spatial inequality by the market capacity index is revealed. The fact that empirical models of the evaluation of the unequal distribution of economic activity represented in the research of foreign scientists confirm that the most densely populated regions and regions with high employment density have better consumer opportunities is emphasized. Based on regional data, the paper proves that density of population and employment density that characterize the consumer parameters of regional markets and testify to their size from the viewpoint of demand and production density that characterizes the degree of economic activity concentration in regions and shows the size of the regional market from the viewpoint of supply have an essential impact on forming of regions’ market capacity. Retail trade is emphasized as an important component of market capacity. Modern trends of trade development in Ukrainian regions that testify to substantial interregional differences regarding the scale (size) of markets and competitiveness level are characterized. The trends that characterize the dynamics of retail and wholesale trade, structural peculiarities, and specifics of spatial distribution at the territory of trade networks regions, available differentiation in the level of accessibility to trade services are detected. The conclusions on the opportunities to use the results of the evaluation of market capacity in the regions in regional planning are made.

МИРОВОЙ ФИНАНСОВЫЙ РЫНОК И СИСТЕМЫ ПОДДЕРЖКИ ПРИНЯТИЯ РЕШЕНИЙ КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ ИХ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ

The article reveals the concept of the global financial market from the point of view of domestic and foreign authors. The analysis of the largest segments in the structure of the global financial market is carried out and the main stages in its development are determined. The paper identifies trends in the development of the global financial market and examines the impact of economic factors on these trends. The rapid increase in the number of economic entities and the development of the economy as a whole pose an increasing number of complex tasks for decision-makers. Prompt and effective solution of these tasks often becomes a factor that determines the success of the entire business. Decision support systems (DSS) are becoming increasingly relevant, which can facilitate the work of decision makers and improve their effectiveness. The DSS allows its users to get the necessary information directly from sources, analyze the data obtained and identify existing business models for solving specific tasks.

Statistical Estimation of Export-Import of Goods by the Subjects of Foreign Economic Activity of Dnipropetrovsk Region by the Number of Employees in 2015–2018

Studying the volume of export-import of goods in Ukraine as a whole helps to understand the general situation on the foreign market, to analyze changes in the dynamics of geographical and commodity structures of trade, to identify the main partner countries and to compare data between them, and to identify the role of the regions of Ukraine in foreign trade and determine the share of each of them in the overall structure of export-import of goods. However, in order to study in detail the directions of exports and the needs of imported goods to meet the domestic needs of the population of Ukraine, it is advisable to analyze foreign trade of region, as it will allow to more accurately analyze the number of producers of exported products in a certain region and the list of goods that need to be imported to meet the needs of the population in the specific area. The article deals with the issues related to the activity of the subjects of foreign economic activity in Dnipropetrovsk region of Ukraine and their dynamics for 2015-2018. The number of foreign economic operators in the region by the number of employees in 2018 was determined to further analyze the situation of the region and the level of production of products that meet the standards for exporting them to the foreign market. Changes in the number of economic entities in the region over the specified period and the main product groups manufactured in the region and, accordingly, exported to Dnipropetrovsk region have been analyzed. The structure of participants of foreign economic activity in the region has been presented and the results of statistical analysis of dynamic changes have been offered with the help of the graphical method of data presentation. The results of the study can be applied in the analysis of socio-economic development of regions and regional development of Ukraine as a whole. The presented data on foreign trade statistics of goods by economic entities by the number of employees in the regional section make it possible to estimate the participation of certain regions in the international activity of Ukraine and to determine the prospects for further development of the regions of Ukraine. Keywords: foreign economic activity, goods, regions, Dnipropetrovsk region, economic entity, employees, export, import, size of enterprise.

Financial disbalances in the regional economy: analysis of causes and consequences

The article is devoted to the study of the analysis of the causes and consequences of financial imbalances in the economy of the regions. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the causes and consequences of financial imbalanced in the region's economy, to consider scenarios for the development of financial imbalanced, and to identify the main goals of the development of financial imbalanced and ways to achieve them. The object of the study is a certain system of indicators on the analysis of financial imbalances in the regions of Ukraine. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the diagnosis of indicators of financial imbalances in the economy of regions that characterize the economic development of the region's economy, namely: the number of economic entities, the volume of sales of goods (goods, services) of economic entities; the volume of retail trade, the volume of foreign trade in goods, the index of capital investments, the index of industrial products, the index of construction products, the consumer price index both in Ukraine and regions for 2013-2017 years. Based on the results of the assessment, the reasons for the financial imbalancees that arose in Ukraine during the crisis phenomena from 2014 were substantiated, an analysis of the causes of these imbalances and their forms and the impact on the stability of the financial system of the regions and the economy of the state as a whole is necessary not only to overcome the consequences of the current crisis , but also for counteracting possible crisis phenomena in the future. Scientific novelty consists in systematizing a certain number of indicators for the analysis of financial imbalances in the region's economy, and their influence on the development of regions and Ukraine as a whole is considered. The main ways to determine the causes and consequences of the planned regional economic policy, which takes into account the specifics of regions in the most important industries and aimed at solving problems that impede economic development. Along with this, the reasons and consequences of financial imbalanced in the region's economy are substantiated, as well as criteria for assessing the effectiveness of indicators that directly affect financial imbalanced in the economy of Ukraine and regions in particular. Conclusions: trends and prospects for the development of financial imbalanced in the regional economy are very important for the regions, which contributes to the formation of a balanced structure of the regional economy. Thus, the stability of the economic development of financial imbalanced implies the existence of unity, autonomy and integrity.

Предпринимательский капитал региона: понятие, формы проявления, пространственная локализация

An important element of the explanation why an entrepreneur carries out high-risk transactions is the evaluation and analysis of her or his inner qualities. Thus, there is a need to identify the connection between entrepreneurial risk and capital. At the regional level, there is an ongoing academic discussion as to who the carrier of entrepreneurial capital is and how this capital can be measured and evaluated in view of its direct influence on the business environment and economic growth opportunities of a certain territory. This article presents the findings of a study into the complex structure of the concept of regional entrepreneurial capital and establishes how this concept is connected with such categories as entrepreneurial spirit, entrepreneurial substance, and entrepreneurial ability. Using an estimate of the number of economic entities (individual entrepreneurs and farmers; small, medium, and large enterprises) per 1,000 population, the study demonstrates cross-regional differences in entrepreneurial activity as a manifestation of entrepreneurial capital, including those in the Northwestern Federal District.

Reproduction of human potential of united territorial communities in Ukraine

The paper defines the nature of human potential as a set of physiological, socio-psychological, intellectual-labor, social-stratification, ethno-cultural opportunities of a society, which can be used already in the near future and realized in an environment that ensures their development. The specificity of human potential reproduction reflecting one of its development phases with the consequences of the use of human resources, namely their accumulation, reproduction and improvement was disclosed. The components of human potential were identified (demographic, revealing the basic characteristics of population, including its number, birth and mortality rate, age structure; intellectual and labor, revealing the labor characteristics of the population and the possibilities of their realization, including the number of economically active, employed, self-employed residents, the number of migrants, the number of economic entities operating on the territory of the community; social and managerial, revealing community-based management practices and initiatives; socio-economic, enabling environment for business and employment). Indicators for the methodology for assessing the use of human potential in the context of isolated components were selected. The methodology of estimation on the example of united territorial communities in Ukraine with their grouping depending on the volume of own income per inhabitant and the level of subsidy was tested. United territorial communities as leaders and outsiders were identified by the calculation of the integral index of human development and its components. This made it possible to substantiate the opportunities of the united territorial communities to ensure the reproduction of human potential through the development of social infrastructure and reorientation of strategic planning towards development goals. The development goals were distributed by areas of effective use of mobilized finance, creating conditions for business and employment.

Strategic priorities of entrepreneurship development in Ukraine

The features of entrepreneurship functioning in Ukraine are investigated, the main problems of enterprises functioning are outlined in the article. It is noted that entrepreneurship is the driving force of the economy, since the efficiency of the enterprises operation directly affects economic development and some life of the population. The problems of domestic business development are presented, a number of measures were proposed that would create a favorable competitive environment for business development in Ukraine. It is stated that the development and expansion of small and medium-sized businesses is one of the priorities of the state economic policy in Ukraine. The main goals of Ukrainian economic policy are the achievement of economic growth, raising the standard of population living, full employment, course stability of the national currency, achievement of foreign economic equilibrium, etc. Achievement of these goals is primarily connected with the prospects of domestic business development. The main features of entrepreneurship are described as indicating that entrepreneurship not only creates a competitive environment, but also contributes to the efficient allocation of resources, the development of scientific and technological progress and changes in the management system. The analysis of statistical data on the number of business entities during 2010-2017 is carried out in parallel with the structural analysis by types of economic activity by individual industries. The general features that are inherent in the national economy are determined, the value of the relative change in the number of economic entities is regarded. It is indicated on the problem of small business development in Ukraine, with its much more effective raise in developed countries. It is also noted that the number of large enterprises in recent years has been decreasing, which is due to the general economic crisis and in connection with the military events in eastern Ukraine, where large enterprises were mainly engaged in their business activities. Focused attention to the problems that impede the development of domestic business entrepreneurship of the regulatory imperfection and legal regulation; unregulated lending to small and medium businesses; lack of financial support from the state; unequal conditions for the management of small and large enterprises; reduction of consumer demand, aggravation of problems in the banking sector has been done. The main tendencies of entrepreneurship development in Ukraine are outlined, among which one can distinguish: provision of state support to small and medium enterprises engaged in investment, innovation and scientific and technical activities; the number limitation of permit documents and simplification of the opening procedures of enterprises; improvement of tax, statistical reporting, reduction of tax pressure on the economy; ensuring a high level of innovation activity of domestic enterprises, reducing pressure from the controlling bodies, countering corruption and a number of other measures. In Ukraine, at the present stage, there are many problems hindering the development of domestic business, the solution of which will increase the efficiency of entrepreneurial activity, will ensure the expansion of the business sector and reduce the share of the shadow sector. In the study of the peculiarities of entrepreneurship development in Ukraine, it was discovered that entrepreneurial activity is multifaceted in its content; it mobilizes active people capable, makes them constantly search for new ways of combining available resources to produce higher quality products at lower costs, while trying to maximize their own profits – get higher profits. Key words: entrepreneurship, competitiveness, business entities, small enterprises, medium-sized enterprises, large enterprises.

Investments in fixed assets and depreciation of fixed assets: theoretical and practical aspects of study and analysis

It is indicated that domestic economy is experiencing a shortage of investment.The acceleration of the processes of import substitution is one of the most important challenges facing the domestic economy at present. Investments, especially capital investments and related investment relations constitute the basis for the development of the national economy and improving the efficiency of social production as a whole. A problem of formation of the amortization fundremains actual at the moment. In the modern scientific and educational literature amortization fund means the fund, including the use of funds to complete the restoration and repair of the fixed assets. This paper makesthe analysis of the situation in the area of investment in the fixed capital, which has developed in Russia for the past severalyears. The aim of this paper is to study the investment climate in the country based on the analysis of investments in the fixed capital by the sources of financing and types of the economic activity. The work is based on dynamic and structural analysis of analytical and statistical information on the processes occurring in this field. As a result, it can be noted that in spite of a number of efforts being made, in general, there are low growth rates in industry, there is a deficit of investments in the fixed assets. Most of the investments in fixed assets are carried out at the expense of the organizations’ own funds. A significant number of economic entities do not have the means, necessary for the technological renewal. Unfortunately, the regulatory framework in the field of accounting for the fixed assets and accrual of depreciation does not imply the use of a special account for the accumulation, and, most importantly, for the purposeful control of the use of the depreciation fund. First of all, it is necessary for companies with state participation and monopoly organizations. The lack of control over the targeted use of the depreciation fund led to a deterioration in the dynamics of indexes, characterizing the state and movement of the fixed assets, as evidenced by data on relevant indexes. Accelerated depreciation, used in tax accounting, should be monitored. However, at present, this only leads to an increase in costs. The article proposes accounting entries for the formation of an amortization fund and information on its intended use. In IFRS standards, information on the amount of accrued depreciation on fixed assets is generated in the reporting, which should also be shown in the financial statements of domestic organizations (especially with the state participation). Ambiguity in the interpretation of legislative and regulatory acts in the field of accounting for the fixed assets, accrual of depreciation and the formation of an amortization fund does not contribute to improving the investment climate in the country and leads to significant wear and tear in virtually all sectors of the economy. The article concludes that there is a significant underinvestment of the domestic economy, especially for manufacturing organizations.

The impact of the economic infrastructure on the development of entrepreneurship in rural areas of the Wielkopolskie Voivodship

The article presents the analysis of the dynamics of change and spatial diversity in the availability and density of economic infrastructure and their relation to the distance from Poznan, entrepreneurship and population density in rural areas of Wielkopolskie Voivodship. Powiats located near Poznan characterize the greatest availability of rural population to infrastructure services. Furthermore, the increased distance from Poznan influenced the decline in business, expressed by indicators of entrepreneurship for newly registered and for operators entered in the register REGON total. Both the availability of economic infrastructure in 2013 as well as the dynamics of infrastructure in 2004—2013 in rural areas have a statistically significant impact on the number of economic entities per 10 thousand people at the working agein Wielkopolskie Voivodship.

Hospodářský vývoj a jeho vliv na počet ekonomických subjektů

Přispěvek se věnuje vývoji ceske ekonomiky a ekonomických subjektů v Ceske republice v letech 1990 - 2012. Na prvni, popisnou, cast navazuje analýza vývoje ekonomických subjektů a jejich zavislosti na vybraných makroekonomických velicinach zastoupenými růstem HDP ve stalých cenach a obecnou mirou nezaměstnanosti. Zvlastni důraz je kladen na nově vznikle a zanikle akciove spolecnosti a spolecnosti s rucenim omezeným. Znatelný narůst poctu ekonomických subjektů v době expanze resp. výrazný pokles v době recese neni statisticky prokazan.

Efektywność działalności małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw (MSP)

The paper presents the basic data describing the sector of small and medium sized enterprises. The statistical data published by Central Statistical Office, Ministry of Economy and the Polish Agency for Enterprise Development have been used. The changes in the number of economic entities in years 2004-2008 have been presented. There has been also presented the level of enterprises in all provinces, taking small and medium sized enterprises into a special consideration. The level and structure as well as dynamics of employment in the enterprises have been discussed. The analysis of financial situation of the small and medium sized enterprise sector has been carried on taking into consideration their revenues, net financial results, profit rates, earning capacity and financial availability.

Trends of Economic Development of Warsaw and their Spatial Implications

Abstract The article presents trends of change in Warsaw’s economic structure and their influence upon the formation of the city’s functional and spatial structure. Using the latest data on the employment structure and kinds of economic entities and their distribution, an attempt has also been made to determine the degree of absorption of the city economy by pro-development activities. On the basis of experiences of other European cities activity types indicating the existence of development trends in the city economy (pro-development activities) were chosen. Next, changes in the number of economic entities in these areas in 1988-2004 were analyzed. Research on the distribution of economic entities in Warsaw is based upon data from the REGON register.