Number Of Cormels Research Articles

Produção de biomassa e rizomas e incidência de "Metsubure" em taro submetido a doses de potássio com e sem adição de cálcio

Avaliou-se o efeito de doses crescentes de potássio (K), em solo com e sem aplicação de cálcio (Ca), na produção de biomassa, produção de rizomas, teores de K e Ca e incidência de "Metsubure" em rizomas de taro. O experimento foi conduzido em vasos contendo 10 L de solo, em casa de vegetação, de 19/10/2002 a 20/07/2003, com o taro 'Chinês' (BGH 5928). Foram avaliadas cinco doses de K (0; 150; 300; 600 e 1.200 mg K2O kg-1 de solo), sem e com adição de Ca (0 e 232 mg Ca kg-1 de solo), dispostas no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5 x 2, com quatro repetições. Produções de biomassa e de rizomas apresentaram comportamento semelhante em resposta às doses de K, em presença e ausência da adição do Ca. Valores máximos de biomassa seca e produção de rizomas foram verificados com a adição de Ca nas doses de 794 e 760 mg K2O kg-1 de solo, respectivamente. Sob baixa dose de K, as massas secas de rizomas e totais, a produção de massa fresca e o número de rizomas-filho por planta foram maiores na ausência do que presença de Ca, sendo esse comportamento invertido a partir das doses de K2O de 85; 46; 202 e 578 mg kg-1 de solo, respectivamente. Na ausência da adição de Ca incrementos na dose de K promoveram redução da concentração de Ca nos rizomas-filho; a concentração de K nesses rizomas aumentou com o incremento na dose de K, independentemente da adição de Ca. Na ausência de adição de Ca e nas doses de 600 e 1.200 mg K2O kg-1 de solo constatou-se a incidência do sintoma de "Metsubure" em 6,56 e 9,84% dos rizomas-filho, respectivamente.

Influence of Plant Growth Regulators on Growth, Flowering and Corm Yield of Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.) cv. Oscar

In a field experiment, uniform sized corms of gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L. cv. Oscar) were planted in last week of October at a distance of 30 cm. between rows and 20 cm. between plants. The effect of GA (50, 100 ppm), Cycocel (500, 1000) and NAA (50, 100 ppm) on gladiolus plants. It was concluded that foliar application of 100 ppm GA3 at 45 days after corm planting has shown superiority in all vegetative, floral characters and corm & cormel yield viz., plant height (128.53 cm), number of leaves (8.57) per plant, spike length (108.33 cm), spike weight (128.87 g), number of florets (17.60) per spike, size of second florets (15.07 cm), number of spikes (1.67) per plant, size of largest corm (7.52 cm), number of corms (1.80) per plant, number of cormels (11.53) per plant and weight of corms (79.33 g) per plant. Whereas, a highest longevity of florets opening or survival on spike (20.33 days) was recorded in 1000 ppm Cycocel.

ORNAMENTAL USE OF WILD SPECIES OF GENUS GLADIOLUS

ORNAMENTAL USE OF WILD SPECIES OF GENUS GLADIOLUS

Comportamiento de yautía [Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott] derivada de cultivo de tejido

Para responder a preguntas sobre la adaptabilidad al campo de la yautía derivada de cultivo de tejido (CT), se comparó ésta con ia yautía no derivada de cultivo de tejido (NCT). Durante el ciclo vegetativo, las plantas CT superaron a las plantas NCT en términos de vigor de la planta y del número promedio de hojas. Por lo general, las plantas CT aclimatadas en el invernadero produjeron significativamente más hijuelos que las plantas NCT, sin importar la etapa de crecimiento de !a planta. El número promedio de cormelos por planta varió de 6.66 a 12.44. Las plantas CT aclimatadas por dos meses (h1) produjeron más cormelos que las otras plantas CT y que las plantas NCT. El peso total (peso de los cormelos y los cormos) de las plantas CT en h1 fue significativamente mayor que el peso total obtenido en los otros tratamientos. Este hallazgo sugiere la importancia del proceso de aclimatización en la preparación de las plantas derivadas de cultivo de tejido para las condiciones del campo.

サトイモ培養球茎株の乾物生産特性および<SUP>13</SUP>C同化産物の転流•分配

Taro plants grown from lg corms propagated by in vitro culture (IP plants) and those grown from standard 50g corms (ST plants) were compared with respect to dry matter production, their partitioning and the translocation of assimilates for 24hr after exposure to 13CO2.1. The relative growth rate (RGR) of IP plants was faster than that of ST plants.2. IP plants exhibited a faster net assimilation rate than did ST plants except between April 4 to May 20 when the rate was equal and from Sept. 24 to Oct. 14 when IP plants had a slower NAR than did the ST plants.3. IP plants partitioned more dry matter to corm and cormels than was retained by the foliage during the early growth stage. In ST plants, conversely, more dry matter was retained in the foliage during the first half of the growing season.4. Although almost 70% of the total 13C-labelled assimilates translocated to the corm and cormels in IP plants on July 14, only 35% of them did in ST plants.5. The amount of recoverable 13C-labelled assimilates retained by the foliage of ST plants on September 9 (44.1%) was less than that detected on July 14 (58.3%) ; thus, a significant amount always remains unexported in the foliage.6. The increase of cormel number in IP plants strengthens the sink demand compared with that of ST plants. It also seems that sink strength of cormels is relatively stronger than corm in IP plants.7. The rapid accumulation of assimilates by cormels of IP plants is attributed to their fast growth rate.

The effect of various iron-containing fertilizers on growth and propagation of Gladiolus grandiflorus

Plants of Gladiolus grandiflorus ‘Friendship’ were grown on a CaCO 3-containing soil treated with the following soil-applied Fe fertilizers: (1) self-produced Fe-enriched peat (Bar-Teva 55); (2) Fe-enriched ammonium polyphosphate (APP); (3) FeEDDHA (sequestrene 138). Foliar application of FeSO 4 solution in the presence of a wetting-agent (L-77) was also tested. Bar-Teva 55, FeEDDHA and FeSO 4+L-77 were found to be effective in the prevention of chlorosis, while APP was not. About 95% of the Bar-Teva 55-treated plants flowered, compared to 79–89% for the other treatments. Flowering in Bar-Teva 55-treated plants started a few days earlier. None of the fertilizers affected inflorescence stem length or the post-harvest keeping-quality of the flowers. With the exception of APP, the fertilizer treatments improved daughter corm growth. The number of cormels per corm in the Bar-Teva 55-treated plants was markedly higher than in other treatments. FeEDDHA and FeSO 4+L-77 treatments also increased cormel number per corm when compared to APP-treated plants and control. Effective Fe-containing fertilizers seem to be of great importance to flowering, corm growth and cormel formation. Fe-enriched peat was found to be the most efficient fertilizer among the ones tested.

Título en español

El efecto de aplicaciones foliares de daminozida (Alar), cloruro de clormequat (Cycocel), y ethephon (Ethrel) se estudió sobre el rendimiento y los componentes de rendimiento de la yautía (Xanthosoma caracu Koch & Bouché). Las plantas tratadas con Cycocel a concentraciones de 1,000 a 4,000 ppm desarrollaron más follaje y eran de un verde más oscuro que las no asperjadas. No hubo diferencias significativas en rendimiento o en el tamaño medio de los cormelos entre los tratamientos y el control. El peso medio de los cormelos fue mayor en las plantas tratadas con Cycocel que en las plantas control. El número de cormelos por hectárea en las plantas tratadas fue menor en la prueba pero mayor que el de las plantas control en el experimento.

Yields of upland and lowland taro at varying plant densities

A study was conducted to determine the effects of plant density on the yields and yield components of taro under upland and lowland culture in Hawaii. In both systems, total yields decreased as plant density decreased. Corm weight, cormel weight, and number of cormels per hill were inversely related to the number of plants per hectare. Regression analysis revealed that the yields and yield components of both upland and lowland taro follow an asymptotic relationship with plant density, which is typical of yields derived from vegetative part of the plant. Lowland taro had higher yields than upland taro, and the main factors that contributed to the higher yields of lowland taro were the higher number and greater weight of cormels produced at all plant densities. Lowland taro corm yields were higher than upland taro except in the lowest plant density where upland taro corm yield was higher both on a per hill basis and on total weight per hectare. There were no significant effects of plant density on the total yields of cormels in the upland although the number and weight of cormels per hill were significantly affected by plant density. There is a negative relationship between plant density and the number and weight of cormels per hill. Maximum yields of both upland and lowland taro were obtained at 10.9 plants per sq. m. This population density resulted from a plant spacing of approximately 30 cm × 30 cm.

Relative Survival of Seven Gladiolus Cultivars After Field Exposure to Fusarium oxysporum f. gladioli1

Abstract Seven cultivars of gladiolus were evaluated for survival in mixed and separate plots exposed to Fusarium oxysporum over a period of 6 years. In mixed plantings the most resistant cultivars became the dominant survivors within 5 years. Cultivars planted separately (A) showed highly significant differences for wt of corms and cormels, number of cormels, and the number of flower spikes produced each year. Survival and production of these cultivars under field conditions were correlated with resistance to Fusarium oxysporum. Mixed plots (B) showed a highly significant shift in flower spike production toward resistant cultivars.

Studies on Direct and Indirect Effects of Different Plant Characters on Yield of Taro (<i>Colocasia esculenta</i> L. Schott) Var. Antiquorum

Thirty accessions of taro (Colocasia esculenta L) varieties were evaluated to estimate the direct and indirect effects of different plant characters, namely, plant height, petiole length, petiole breadth, leaf number, leaf length, leaf breadth, LAI, inflorescence length, peduncle length, corm length, corm breadth, cormel number, cormel length, cormel breadth, corm weight, cormel weight on yield per plant. Plant height, petiole length, corm breadth, cormel number, cormel length exhibited direct effect on yield per plant at the genotypic level. Cormel weight and cormel breadth had the highest direct effect on yield per plant at the phenotypic level. The residual effect was 0.3043 at the genotypic level and that at phenotypic level was 0.4874. Keywords: Colocasia esculenta; direct effect; indirect effect; yield of taro DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v9i1-2.9483 The Agriculturists 2011; 9(1&2): 89-98

Performance Of Gladiolus Under Protected Cultivation In The Rainy Season

An investigation was conducted with a view to observing the performance of two gladiolus genotypes during the rainy summer under poly tunnel production system. The genotype GL-027 produced taller plants (73.8 cm) with longer spike (97.2 cm) and longer rachis (51.7 cm) compared to the genotype GL-023. In respect of spike length (97.0 cm), rachis length (54.4 cm), weight of corm per plant (16.0g) and weight of cormel per plant (30.3 g), 1 July planting was better than in 1 May planting. Plants grown under poly tunnel produced flower earlier (82.5 days) compared to plants grown without poly tunnel (84.6 days). Although difference of only two days in flower initiation is of no significance, but plants grown under poly tunnel performed better in respect of number of florets per spike (12.8), number of cormels per plant (8.2), weight of corm per plant (16.0 g) and weight of cormels per plant (30.6 g) than the plants grown without poly tunnel. Keywords: Gladiolus; protected cultivation; rainy season. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i2.9256 BJAR 2011; 36(2): 285-290

Accession Characterization and Genetic Variability Studies in <i>Colocasia esculenta</i> L. Schott

Accessions of Colocasia esculenta L. Schott. cultivars collected from thirteen aroid growing districts were studied for determining their genetic variability under the agromorphological purviews. Plant height, petiole length, petiole breadth, leaf number, leaf length, leaf breadth, LAI, inflorescence length, peduncle length, spathe length, spathe breadth, corm length, corm breadth, cormel number, cormel length, cormel breadth, corm weight, cormel weight, total fresh weight, total dry weight, yield per plant were taken in this study for nature and extent of variability analysis of edible cultivars of Colocasia esculenta L. Schott. Presence of significant differences together with wide ranges of variation in most cultivars indicates wide range of variability existed among the accession as well as local cultivars of this edible aroid. Genotypic variances and coefficient of variation for most of the characters were remarkably higher than their corresponding environmental variances which also indicate the existence of variation in genotypic origin. Key words: Characterization; Mukhikachu; Variability; Corm; Cormel; Colocasia esculenta. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i2.8191 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(2), 235-242, 2011

Studies on the blindness in gladiolus. VI

A study was made to clarify the problem “nutri-tion and blindness” in gladiolus. According to the design showh in Table 1. three corms each of Spot-light variety (average weight 25. 7g) were planted in sand in Wagners pots on May 26, 1958 and nutritional treatments were made from June 17 to September 13 at 3 day intervals during the course of experiments. Samplings for the chemical analysis were made at the time of flowering, August 21, and at the time of digging, November 5, 1958. Date of flowering, height of plants, number of leaves, and number of florets were recorded at flowering time. Fresh wegihts of tops, of new corms, and of cormels, and number of cormels were measured at digging time. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. No significant differences were observed in percentage of flowering, height of plants, number of leaves, and number of florets, even though there were a few blind stalks in -N and several other plots. 2. Earlier flowering was observed in the plots treated with N 200_??_100 ppm and P 50 ppm, and later flowering in -N plots. 3. The color of leaves in the plots supplied with N 50 ppm or -N was yellowish-green, which clearly showed the N deficient symptom, and these plants. showed weaker growth than the others. In the plots: of N 200ppm, the color of leaves showed dark greenb and the plants looked vigorous, but the color of roots: was dark brown and the development of root system, was poor. 4. Fresh weight of tops and of new corms were increased with an increase of nitrogen. 5. Number of cormels was increased in the plots-supplied with low level nitrogen, and decreased remarkably in N 200ppm plots. There was no significant difference in the fresh weight of cormels. 6. Absorption of nitrogen increased with increas-ing of nitrogen supply regardless of application ra-tes of phosphorus or potassium. With increasing of phosphorus increased not only P absorption but also N absorption, except the plot supplied with phos-phorus alone. With increasing potassium increasedi K absorption-slightly when it was supplied with P 25_??_50 ppm or N 100 ppm, and decreased when it was supplied with N 200 ppm. 7. From the results mentioned above, it seemss that nitrogen has a strong relation to flowering in gladiolus, and the optimum of nitrogen application in flowering is 100 ppm. And phosphorus promotes. the effect of nitrogen.

Studies on the blindness in gladiolus. VII

A study was made to know the effect of nutritional contents in corms on the flowering in gladiolus. Corms of the variety Spotlight, which were shown in Table 1, were planted in benches containing sandy soil in the experimental greenhouse at Kagawa University on March 19, 1959, and they were grown with water alone (no fertilizer was added). Number of germinated corms, date of flowering, number of plants died, number of blind stalks, and number of flowered plants were recorded. On July 31, all plants were dug up, and fresh weight of tops, fresh weight of corms, and number of cormels were recorded. Cormels of the same variety which were shown in Table 3 were planted in the same greenhouse on March 20, and they were dug up on June 4, and the fresh weight of the plants was measured. The reasults obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Earlier flowering was observed in the plants to which N 100 ppm and P 25-50 ppm were applied in the previous year, and later flowering in -N plants or the plants to which N 200 ppm alone was applied. 2. Percentage of germination and percentage of flowering were high in the plants to which nitrogen was applied in the previous year, and percentage of plants died and percentage of blind stalks were high in -N plants. Several malformed plants were observed in the plot in which N 200 ppm alone was applied. 3. Number of florets, height of plants, fresh weight of tops, fresh weight of corms, and number of cormels were increased. 4. No significant differences were observed in the number of leaves and fresh weight of cormels. 5. From the results above mentioned it seems that the most superior was the plant to which N 200 ppm and P 50 ppm were applied in the previous year, and the nutritional contents in these corms were 1.99% of nitrogen, 0.31% of phosphorus and 0.57% of potassium in dry matter. The second was the plant to which N 200 ppm and P 25 ppm were applied, and 1.82% of nitrogen, 0. 22%of phosphorus, and 0.49% of potassium were contained in corms.