Number Of Cormels Research Articles

Influence of Organic Manures and Integrated Nutrient Management on Floral Characteristics and Corm Yield in Gladiolus cv. Nova Lux

A field experiment was conducted at the Department of Horticulture, Janta College Bakewar, Etawah, India, during 2021-22. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with 10 treatments with replications. Different combinations of Vermi-compost, F.Y.M., and NPK were used as treatments. The results revealed that, amongst all the treatments, the application of N.P.K. 120:80:80 kg + V.C. 10 t/ha in treatment (T8) produced significant results. Average height of plant in (90 DAS)73.16cm, Average number of leaves per plant (60 DAS) 5.78, Average width of longest leaf in 5.77cm (final stage), Average length of florets in 9.88 cm (full blooming stage), Average Number of cormels 32.04 per plant, Average weight of corms 150.51 (g). It can be concluded that application of N.P.K. and vermi composed could be used as organic fertilizer for production of Gladiolus.

Effect of Land Configuration and Planting Depth on Corm and Cormel Production of Gladiolus (Gladiolus spp.)

The present experiment was carried out at department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, College of Horticulture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat) during the years 2021-22 and 2022-23 with randomized block design (Factorial) having three replications. The treatment combinations consisting three land configuration methods (L1- Flat bed, L2- Raised bed with 2 rows and L3- Ridge and furrow) and two planting depth (D1- 3.5 cm and D2- 5.5 cm). The results indicated that maximum number of corms (1.58), number of cormels (26.98), diameter of corms (63.77 mm), diameter of cormels (3.16 mm), weight of corms (64.13 g) and weight of cormels (22.11 g) were recorded with raised bed with 2 rows (L2). The variation due to planting depth was also found significant for all the parameters and maximum number of corms (1.46), number of cormels (25.52), diameter of corms (56.43 mm), diameter of cormels (3.09 mm), weight of corms (56.02 g) and weight of cormels (21.78 g) were obtained with planting at 3.5 cm depth (D1). Raised bed planting had favourable effects on growth and flowering of gladiolus as compared to ridge and furrow and flat bed planting.

Development and yield of cormels gladiolus plant stimulated with paclobutrazol

The application of paclobutrazol compounds in several types of horticultural crops is effective in stimulation the growth and development of tubers. Gladiolus plant (Gladiolus hybridus) is one of the ornamental plants that produce bulbs or corm and cormels as reproductive organs. The development of corm and cormels gladiolus plants has been stimulated by the concentration of paclobutrazol compounds through soil surface flushing after flowers are harvested, namely at the age of 66 days after planting. Using the single factor Randomized Block Design method with four concentration levels of pacrobutrazol compounds as treatment, namely, 0 mgL-1, 50 mgL-1, 100 mgL-1, and 150 mgL-1. Corm and cormels development was observed destructively in sample plants at regular intervals of five days as many as eight times, starting after a week of watering consisting of variable responses to the development of the corm diameter, the development of the number of cormels, the development of the diameter of the cormels, and the development of the plant root ratio. The data obtained are suspected according to regression fingerprints, and the curves obtained are compared with squeeze and alignment tests. The results showed that the diameter of the corm, the diameter of the cormels, and development of the plant root ratio treated with paclobutrazol compounds were better than without treatment, but the application of paclobutrazol treatment had no effect on the number of cormels. Obtained cormels with a diameter of > 1.5 cm is the desired final goal in this study, because the cormels have economic value as planting material to produce larger corm, then the next can be used as planting material to produce flowering corms.

Assessment of Vegetative, Floral and Corm Characteristics in Gladiolus Genotype at Malepatan, Pokhara, Nepal

Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandifloras L.), recognized for its bright, distinctively textured blossoms, is first commercially grown cut flower in Nepal. A study was carried out to assess vegetative, floral, and corm characteristics in gladiolus genotypes in Maltepatan, Pokhara. Twelve genotypes namely NGRV0130 (ARSDG-04), RARSLG-014-1.1, RARSLG-014-1.11, RARSLG-014-2.8, RARSLG-014-3.10(A), RARSLG-014-3.11, RARSLG-014-6.8, RARSLG-014-6.12, RARSLG-014-6.13, RARSLG-014-7.27(A), RARSLG-014-8.22, RARSLG-014-9.10 were evaluated from March 02-August 07, 2022. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized complete block design with three replications. The crop geometry was maintained at 50 cm × 28.5 cm in a four-meter square plot containing twenty-eight corms per plot. The genotype RARSLG-014-3.11 was found earliest on days to 50% sprouting, spike initiation, and floret opening. The genotype RARSLG-014-6.12 was noted to have maximum number of florets per spike and number of spikes per hill, longest rachis length, and a maximum number of cormels. Similarly, the genotype RARSLG-014-1.11 was a promising genotype in having a maximum number of corms. The longest length of the spike (140.66 cm) was found for genotype RARSLG-014-6.8.

Aeroponics approach for production of gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus Hort.) corms and cormels

Gladiolus is a popular commercial flower crop among top ten cut flowers of international trade. In order to improve the rate of multiplication, eleven gladiolus varieties with three nutrient regimes (N1- 96:18:108, N2-128:24:144 and N3-160:30:180 ppm of NPK) were evaluated under aeroponics system. The results revealed that different varieties and nutrient regimes had significant influence on plant growth, corm and cormel production. Among the genotypes, Arka Naveen recorded maximum plant height (109.44 cm), on par with Arka Amar (104.77 cm). The genotype Arka Amar (1.89) recorded highest number of corms per plant, on par with Arka Ranjini (1.78), Arka Aayush (1.44), Arka Naveen (1.44) and Arka Shobha (1.67). However, number of cormels were recorded highest in Arka Aayush (1.67), on par with Arka Amar (1.67) and Arka Ranjini (1.44). Among the nutrient regimes, N2 (128:24:144 ppm NPK) registered maximum plant height (85.44 cm), on par with N3 (160:30:180 ppm NPK) (77.42 cm). The number of corms (1.39) and cormels (3.56) per plant were recorded highest in N2 (128:24:144 ppm of NPK). The genotype Arka Manorama did not produce cormels under aeroponics system. Gladiolus varieties Arka Amar, Arka Aayush and Arka Naveen were found as best suited under aeroponic system for better corm multiplication under the nutrient regime of N2 (128:24:144 ppm of NPK).

Correlation and path coefficient studies of growth characters on glucomannan content of eddoe taro (Colocasia esculenta var antiquorum)

Glucomannan is classified as a non-starch polysaccharide and has positively affected health and beauty. The breeding program to create new varieties of taro with high glucomannan content is challenging and requires comprehensive studies to produce high-quality food. This study investigated the characters correlation and direct and indirect responses to glucomannan production in the tuber. The experiment was conducted in three locations with 14 genotypes of Eddoe taro using a full-block design with two replications. Ten characters were evaluated for their correlation to glucomannan, which was accomplished using path analysis for each location experiment and followed by model selection using the backward elimination method. The character of the cormel number always has a positive correlation with the glucomannan variable, either directly or indirectly, with a high value of the path coefficient. On the contrary, the difference between the correlation value and path coefficient for determining the selection criteria was unfulfilled because it was > 0.05, and the residual effect was > 0.61, indicating that this model insufficient to explain more than 60% of the influence of anything other than the standardized independent. According to the study’s results, this character doesn’t meet the requirements for selection criteria.

Study of Evaluation of Genetic Variability of Gladiolus Cultivars under Agro-climatic Conditions of Prayagraj, India

A field experiment was carried out to “Study of Evaluating Genetic Variability of Gladiolus (Gladilous grandiflorus L.) Cultivars Under Agro –Climatic conditions of Prayagraj” was conducted at the Departmental research field of Horticulture, Naini, Agriculture Institute during Rabi season of 2022-2023. The experiment involved 15 cultivars arranged in randomized block design with three replication. The analysis of the data showed that phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all characters studied, indicating that environmental factors had a significant influence on these characters. Several traits, including number of leaves at 30DAS, corm yield per plant, number of cormels per hectare, cormel diameter, number of corms per hectare, and number of corms per plant, exhibited high PCV and GCV. Furthermore, the study found high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as a percentage of the mean for traits such as the number of leaves at 30DAS, corm yield per plant, number of cormels per hectare, cormel diameter, number of corms per hectare, and number of corms per plant. This suggests that these traits are under strong genetic control and have the potential for effective selection and improvement. Moreover, positive and highly significant correlations were observed between corm yield per plant (in grams) and various other traits, including the number of leaves at 30DAS, 60DAS, and 90DAS, number of shoots per plant, days to first flowering, rachis length, number of florets per spike, number of spikes per plant, floret length, floret diameter, number of corms per plant, corm diameter, weight of corm, number of corms per hectare, and number of cormels per hectare. These correlations indicate that these traits have a strong influence on corm yield. Based on the study's results, genotypes Yellow stone, followed by Joshka, Pusa suhagan, and Arka Naveen, were identified as high spike and corm-yielding genotypes under the agro-climatic conditions of Prayagraj.Overall, the study highlights the significant impact of environmental factors on the observed traits and provides valuable insights into the selection of gladiolus genotypes with desirable characteristics for cultivation in the Prayagraj region.

Tuberisation Pattern of Tannia (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott) in Response to Crop Management Practices in the South Central Laterites (AEU 9) of Kerala, India

The study was conducted to outline the rooting and tuberisation pattern of tannia (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott) as influenced by different crop management practices. As an underutilised crop, it was uncertain as to the management techniques which would increase tuberisation and productivity levels of tannia. Hence the study was to promote tuberisation in tannia with a focus on the underground portions of the plant. The variation in rooting pattern was studied in terms of root number, root weight and root volume and the tuberisation pattern as number of cormels per plant, corm weight per plant, cormel weight per plant and rate of tuber bulking. The study was conducted in Kollam district under AEU (Agro Ecological Unit) 9 during the period from Feb 2021- Dec 2021. The experiment comprised three treatments in completely randomised design with six replications. The treatments were t1 - KAU POP (Kerala Agricultural University Package of Practices Recommendations), t2 - farmers’ practice and t3 - absolute control. The results revealed that, the root number (43.29), root weight (32.74 g plant-1) and the root volume (38.22 g plant-1) were significantly the highest in t1 (KAU POP) at harvest followed by farmers’ practice and absolute control. When considering the percentage increase in root production, KAU POP recorded 19.22 per cent, 8.79 per cent, 11.04 per cent and 15.66 per cent more number of roots at 4 MAP, 6 MAP, 8 MAP and harvest than farmers’ practice. The number of cormels per plant (12.16), corm weight per plant (563.16 g), cormel weight per plant (439.16 g) at harvest and the rate of tuber bulking (1.27 kg ha-1 d-1) at 4 to 5 MAP were found to be the highest with t1 followed by t2 and t3.

Corm Yield and Economics of Gladiolus Cultivars Affected by Micronutrients Grown under Open Field Conditions in under Subtropics of Jammu

A field experiment was conducted during the 2019-20 at the Experimental Farm, Division of Vegetable Science & Floriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, to evaluate the effect of micronutrients on corm yield and economics of gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.) cv. ‘Nova Lux’. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications and nineteen treatments. The results revealed that the maximum number of corms per plant, corm weight per plant (118.31 g), diameter of corms (5.74 cm),Yield of corms per plot (1866.33 g), net income per hectare ( Rs 7,18,463.9/ha) and cost- benefit ratio (1:2.34) were obtained with the application of ZnSO4 at 0.2 % and FeSO4 at 0.2 %. However, maximum cormels weight per plant (8.67 g), number of cormels per plant (22.85) and yield of cormels per plot (178.73 g) were recorded with the application of ZnSO4 @ 0.4% + FeSO4 @ 0.4%. Thus, foliar application of micronutrients i,e ZnSO4 at 0.2 % and FeSO4 at 0.2 % proved to be most effective in increasing the production and productivity of gladiolus.

Effect of Phosphorus and Planting Distance on Corm Production of Saffron (Crocus sativus)

The influence of phosphorus and planting distance on corm production of Crocus sativus was studied at the Ornamental Horticulture Farm of Department of Horticulture, Kabul University during 2019-2020. Four different phosphorus (P) doses i.e. 0, 20, 40 and 60 kg ha-1 were applied to five different densities viz. 242, 107, 54, 30 and 20 plants m-2. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement. P effect was largely non-significant, whereas planting densities had considerable effects. The increase in corm number m-2 with increase in plant density means that more corms were planted per unit area. Hence more production in terms of corm number was obtained from the densely planted areas. However, as we know crocus is a perennial crop and the corms are left in soil to grow for several years. Maximum days to sprouting (29.8), number of cormels m-2 (441.7), number of corm m-2 (371.1) were produced by 242 plants m-2, while minimum in these were recorded at 20 plants m-2 density. Number of cormels (2.5), cormel weight (1.6 g), number of corms (2.0), corm weight (11.1 g), corm volume (10.7 ml) and corm diameter (3.1 cm) were produced by plants at 20 m-2 densities, while minimum values for the above parameters were noted in 242 plants m-2. The interaction of phosphorus doses and planting distance was significant for some parameters. A comparison of means values for plant densities revealed that maximum corm volume (10.7 ml) was produced by plants at the lowest density (20 plants m-2), while it was minimum (8.8 ml) at the highest density (242 plants m-2).

Genetic Variability and Correlation Studies in Gladiolus Hybridus Hort. Under Bundelkhand Conditions

A field experiment was conducted to estimate genetic variability, heritability and correlation among the economically important characters in gladiolus varieties at the Instructional Farm, College of Horticulture, BUAT, Banda. The healthy and uniform sized corms (4 to 5 cm) were planted at a spacing of 30 × 20 cm in each row at a depth of 5-6 cm. Before planting, corms were dipped in captan (0.2%) solution for 25-30 min as a preventive measure against Fusarium wilt disease. The varieties showed significant variability (p < 0.05) for days taken to spike emergence (66.67-86.69 days), days taken to opening of first floret (86.21-101.80 days), plant height (74.93 to 105.47 cm), spike length (67.07 to 89.93 cm), rachis length (33.89 to 55.64 cm), water uptake (17.33-46.67 ml), corm weight (39.97 to 100 g) and number of cormels per plant (4.47-41.97). Phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation were high for the traits studied, except days taken to spike emergence, days taken to opening of first floret and corm diameter. High broadsense heritability value was found for number of corms per plant (90.64 %), corm weight (76.09 %) and days taken to opening of first floret, indicating the presence of additive gene effects. Positive correlation was found between days taken to spike emergence and days taken to opening of first floret (r = 0.880**); number of leaves per plant (r = 0.543*), plant height (r = 0.560*) and corm weight (r = 0.515*). Bangladesh J. Bot. 51(4): 705-712, 2022 (December)

Morphological Evaluation and Selection of Gladiolus (Gladiolus×Hybridus L.) Hybrids for Commercial Traits

Morphological Evaluation and Selection of Gladiolus (Gladiolus×Hybridus L.) Hybrids for Commercial Traits

Genetic divergence in gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus Hort.) genotypes

Genetic diversity is the first and important parameter in crop improvement programme. In the presentinvestigation forty gladiolus genotypes were assessed to know the nature and magnitude of geneticdivergence using Mahalanobis D2 statistics. The population was grouped into four clusters. The averageweight of cormels, daughter corm diameter, average weight of daughter corm, days to corm sprouting,floret diameter and number of cormels per plant components were found main parameters contributingtowards divergence and played dominant role in the improvement of gladiolus quality. Based onMahalanobis D2 analysis, forty gladiolus genotypes were grouped into four clusters with maximum of 36genotypes in Cluster I. Remaining three clusters II, III and IV are solitary indicating their independentidentity and importance due to various unique characters possessed by them. The highest inter cluster D2value was recorded between clusters III (Copperking) and IV (Arka Kesar). Cluster I showed maximumintra cluster diversity. Therefore selection for divergent parents based on these traits is recommended forgetting desirable hybrids or segregates in Gladiolus.

Effects Of Different Planting Times and Corm Sizes on Plant Growth, Development, and Flower Production Of Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus) under Sanliurfa Conditions

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of different planting times and corm sizes on plant growth, development, and flower yield in Gladiolus. The Red Beauty variety was used as the study material. In the study, two corm sizes (10–12 and 12–14 cm) and five different planting times (April 1, April 15, May 1, May 15, and June 1) were used. The sprouting time (day), flowering time (day), plant height (cm), number of leaves (number/plant), length of the flower stem (cm), length of the spike (cm), number of florets (number/spike), thickness of the flower stem (mm), diameter of the new corm (cm), circumference of the new corm (cm), number of new corms (number/plant), weight of new corm (g/plant), number of cormels (number/plant) and weight (g/plant) and corm yield (g/plot) were determined. We determined that the planting times indicated were suitable for cultivation under Sanliurfa conditions in terms of yield and quality. The best Gladiolus cultivation times in Sanliurfa varied, but the best results were obtained from large corms (12–14 cm). As the temperature increased, corm growth times increased, and plant height, number of leaves, new corm weight, and cormel number and weight decreased. The maximum flowering time and parcel yield were obtained from the fifth planting (June 1), the longest spikes, maximum number of florets, maximum number of cormels and greatest cormel weight, and greatest plant height were determined from the first and second planting times. There was no significant difference between planting times for the other investigated parameters. The large corms (12–14 cm) were observed to be better than small corms (10–12 cm) for increases in most of the parameters investigated.

Stability Analysis of Plant Density and Frequency of Foliar Application of Nitrogen in Gladiolus hybrida

An attempt was made to find stable planting density and frequency of foliar nitrogen application using stability models. The data on various flowering and growth characteristics in gladiolus for four foliar nitrogen spray viz., 0, 3, 5 and 7 days and three planting density i.e. 100, 120 and 140 cormels m were collected and experiment was repeated in four seasons over two years. Treatment combinations of 3 days + 120 -2 cormels m and 5 days + 120 cormels m were found to be stable for number of corms per m ; 3 days + 100 cormels m , 3 days + 120 cormels -2 -2 2 -2m , 3 days + 140 cormels m , 5 days + 100 cormels m , 5 days + 120 cormels m , 5 days + 140 cormels m , 7 days + 120 cormels m and 7 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2days + 140 cormels m were found to be stable for weight of corms m . 3 days + 140 cormels m was found to be stable for number of cormels -2 -2 -2 plant and 5 days + 100 cormels m was found to be stable for weight of cormels plant .

Induction of variability in gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.) by chemical mutagens

The present study was conducted to see the effect of chemical mutagens on vegetative growth, flowering, corm and cormels attributes of gladiolus var. Rani Sahiba. Chemical dosages of DES and EMS ranging from 0.1 % to 0.5 % were used. Lower doses of DES viz., 0.2 % proved better as compared to EMS and control in terms of minimum days required for spike initiation and first floret opening with maximum spike length, rachis length, floret diameter, number of spikes per plant and weight of cormels per plant. Moreover, one mutant was isolated and selected on the basis of colour with desirable characteristics from this treatment. Significantly higher number of leaves, number of florets per spike and vase life was recorded in plants received treatment of 0.3 % EMS. Maximum plant height was found better in 0.1 % DES while, maximum number of cormels per plant was recorded in 0.4 % DES.

Evaluation of improved taro (Colocasia esculenta(L.) Schott) genotypes on growth and yield performance in North-Bench woreda of Bench-Sheko zone, South-Western Ethiopia

Taro is the world's fourth most important root crop in terms of production by weight, behind cassava, potato, and sweet potato, and the second most significant staple root crop in terms of consumption, after sweet potato. However, a shortage of well-adapted cultivars is one of the production problems that contribute to low yields and small planted areas across the country. As a result, genotypes with high production potential and adaptability for local environmental circumstances must be evaluated. During the 2018 and 2019 main cropping seasons, field experiments were done in the North-Bench woreda in the Bench-Sheko zone, south-western Ethiopia, to improve taro production and productivity by evaluating and selecting high yielding taro cultivars. Three improved and one local taro variety were used in the trial, which was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at the North bench location. The data were collected and analyzed by using SAS 9.2 Version statistical software. The study's findings revealed that variety had a significant (P < 0.01) impact on all of the variables considered. Accordingly, combined analysis over years indicated that the highest leaf number per plant (7.76), plant diameter (40.82cm), corm diameter (8.28cm), cormel number per plant (6.10), and total yield (22.34 t/ha) were observed for Boloso-1 variety. The highest value of the number of suckers per plant was also observed for the Boloso-1 variety in both years (8.2 in 2018 and 6.2 in the 2019 growing season). However, combined analysis over years indicated the highest corm length in local variety (12.15cm) followed by Boloso-1 variety (10.34cm). Therefore, based on the overall results of this study, the Boloso-1 variety performed best and was more adapted to the area as compared to other varieties. This variety should be popularized and disseminated to users to boost the production and productivity of taro in the testing location and similar agro-ecologies of the region.

Characterization of Gladiolus Genotypes under Khumaltar Condition of Nepal

Seven promising genotypes of Gladiolus were experimented during the two consecutive years of 2014/15 and 2015/16 in the field of Horticulture Research Division, Khumaltar, Lalitpur (1332 masl) to evaluate the performances of their vegetative, floral and corm characteristics. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. The treatments consisted of seven genotypes (ARSDG-01, ARSDG-02, ARSDG-03, ARSDG-04, ARSDG-05, ARSDG-06 and ARSDG-07). Fifty-four corms of each genotype were planted in the crop geometry of 25 x 25 cm. A total of sixteen characters were observed. The pooled results of two years data indicated significantly different except plant height, spike length, rachis length, number of cormels per mother corm and individual corm weight due to the effects of seven evaluated genotypes. Genotype ARSDG-04 was proven as the earliest one for days to the first spike emergence (73.00 days), the full spike emergence (76.50 days) and the first unfurling of florets (83 days). In contrast, ARSDG-01 and ARSDG-06 were late genotypes for the same three characters. The number of florets/spikes was considerably high in two genotypes viz., ARSDG-06 (21.00) and ARSDG-03 (20.50). The number of daughter corms/mother corm was significantly high in ARSDG-05 (3.10) and ARSDG-04 (2.92) whereas it was minimally low in ARSDG-02 (1.66) and ARSDG-07 (1.69). Summing up all sixteen characters of evaluated genotypes, ARSDG-04 as the first, ARSDG-05 as the second and ARSDG-03 as the third have respectively emerged as superior ones as opposed by those of the rest of evaluated genotypes of Gladiolus.

Effect of gypsum and micronutrients on spike and corm yield of gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus ) cv. Guvari

Gladiolus is a nutrient responsive crop that requires major and micro-nutrients viz. N, P, K, Zn, Mn, Fe, B, along with gypsum significantly improves the growth, flowering, yield and quality of corms. In addition, gypsum acts as a source of calcium and soil loosening factor that is needed for corm development. Hence, field experiment was conducted during 2019-2020 at Department of Horticulture, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India on gladiolus cv. Guvari to maximize the yield and quality of spikes and corms. The treatments comprised of ten different combinations of recommended dose of fertilizers (120:150:150 kg/ha NPK), Gypsum (100, 200 and 300 kg/ha) and foliar application of FeSO4, MnSO4 ZnSO4 and HBO(0.5% each in single spray on 30 days 44, 4 33 after planting (DAP) and two sprays on 30 and 45 DAP laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The growth, flowering, and corm yield parameters were periodically assessed. The results revealed that application of gypsum and micronutrients significantly increased the vegetative growth, flowering, spike yield, and corm yield. Application of 300 Kg/ha gypsum was found effective when compared to low doses. Among the ten treatments, application of 120:150:150 kg/ha NPK + 300 kg/ha Gypsum + foliar spray of (0.5% each) FeSO4, MnSO4 ZnSO4 and H3BO3 at 30 and 45 DAP found most 44, 4 33 effective with higher plant height, leaf area, root dry weight, dry matter production, spike length, floret diameter, spike yield, and number of marketable spikes per plant. The corm yield parameters including corm weight, number of daughter corms per plant, number of cormels per plant and weight of daughter corms were also superior in this treatment. Hence, it is confirmed that the application of 300 kg/ha gypsum + foliar spray of (0.5% each) FeSO4, MnSO4ZnSO4 and H3BO3 at 30 and 45 days after planting P along 44, 4 33 with 120:150:150 kg/ha NPK proved maximizing the spike and corm yield of gladiolus.

Effect of Foliar Application with seaweed extract (Acadian) on growth and Yield of two Saffron Cultivars).(Crocus sativus L

"This study was conducted during September 2018 to May 2019 at the Lath house , belong to Horticulture and landscape Department / College of agriculture / Kirkuk university, to study the effect of foliar spraying with seaweed extract (Acadian) at different concentrations (0,1, 2) g. L-1 on the growth , and Yield of two Saffron Cultivars (Crocus sativus L.)first cultivar (Bunch)and the Second cultivar (Pushal) , The study was laid out in factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D.) with two factors and each treatment consist of three replications . The results showed that spraying with seaweed extract (Acadian) at (2) g.L1, increase significant in the number of shoots(4.86)bud.plant-1 and leaves / Plant(11.30)leaves. plant-1 . with the highest content of total chlorophyll in the leaves (1.79) CCI , and highest number of Corms and Cormels (4.23 Corm. plant-1 , 3.03 Cormel. plant-1) respectively , highest of wet weight of the Corms and Cormels (5.13 , 2.25) g , respectively and the highest diameter of the Corms (3.27) cm . The two cultivar did not differ significantly in their studied characteristics. The Interactions between the spraying levels with seaweed extract (Acadian) and Cultivars had a significant effect on improving most of the studied traits , as it gave the treatment spraying with seaweed extract (Acadian) (2)g.L-1 and Cultivar (Pushal) increased of number of shoots(5.40) bud.plant-1 and leaves / Plant(12.20) leaves. plant-1. with the highest content of total chlorophyll (1.84)CCI , and highest number of Cormels (3.20) Cormel. plant-1 , highest of wet weight of the Cormels (2.28) g , while the cultivar (Bunch) was superior to the concentration of 2 g.L-1 in the highest number of Corms (4.33) Corm. plant-1 , highest of wet weight of the Corms (5.57) g , with the highest diameter of the Corms (3.29) cm "