Number Of Constituent Elements Research Articles

SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL ENSURING THE PROCESS FORMATION OF THE EMPLOYEE COMPETENCE MODEL

The article outlines the expediency of application and the main problematic issues of implementing the principles of the competency approach in personnel management of current enterprises, in particular, related to the process of formation and practical use of its main tool - the model of employee competencies. A scientific survey of the significant assets of scientists and practitioners on this topic was carried out, as a result of which it was established that there is a need to finalize currently unresolved tasks regarding the clarification of the sequence and the development of scientific and methodological support and practical recommendations for the construction of such models, since the given processes are mostly abstract, difficult for practical application due to the lack of clear instructions and tools for the implementation of each stage. The main goal of the article is to improve the process of forming the model of employee competencies by clarifying the sequence of its development, specifying actions at each stage and developing methodological tools for practical application. The process of forming the model of employee competencies was compiled, presented in the form of a logical sequence of specific ac­tions and decisions with the use of a specially developed toolkit, based on the choice of a certain approach and involves the construction of a model of competencies for employees of diffe­rent categories with a different number of constituent elements. For example, for employees in managerial posi­tions there are 4 constituent elements; for specialists and workers in labourer’s positions - 3 constituent elements etc. A scientific-methodical toolkit and relevant recommendations for its implementation were developed, an approbation was carried out on an example (a model of the competences of fitters in mechanical assembly works was developed). Competences of mechanical assembly fitters included in the developed model were assessed using the "360° method"; taking into account the weight factor of each competence, the general level of their competence is determined. The results of scientific research are the basis for making recommendations for improving the level of employees’ competence.

Evolutions of microstructural defects in high-entropy carbide ceramics under ion irradiations at room temperature

This work studied and compared the evolutions of irradiation-induced microstructural defects in five high-entropy carbide ceramics (HECCs) at room temperature to reveal the irradiation resistances of HECCs and corresponding underlying mechanisms. The five HECCs exhibit high phase stabilities and no amorphization is observed up to 40 dpa. In-situ 800 keV Kr ion irradiation reveals similar evolutions of irradiation-induced defects. The densities of dislocation loops show non-monotonic variations, which reach the maximum at ∼ 2 dpa and then decrease due to the interactions with each other. In contrast, the sizes of dislocation loops increase monotonically with dose. (NbTaZrW)C exhibits the lowest defect densities and highest defect sizes, which is probably due to the high lattice distortion and its induced high defect recombination efficiencies. Based on the characterization results, it is deduced that the species of constituent elements play more important role in the defect behaviors than the number of constituent elements.

Kanji Continuum Structure in I Meito Kouryuu no Tanoshimi Magazine Volume 17

This research aims to describe the structure of the kanji continuum within I Meito Kouryuu no Tanoshimi magazine Volume 17. The data source used in this research is I Meito Kouryuu no Tanoshimi Magazine Volume 17 and data form are kanji continuum or kanji sequence. The data is obtained by data recording technique, and the data are classified based on the number of constituent elements in every data, which is 3 and 4 constituent elements. Based on the results of this research, it shows that the kanji continuum is consists of six to nine kanjis, has three or four constituent elements, the three-forming constituent element category is composed of six to seven kanjis, the four-forming constituent element is composed of eight to nine kanjis, it is structured in a head-modifier relationship and the meaning is lexical, and the structure and relation of meaning becomes more complex as the number of letters on the kanji continuum increases.

Vacancy migration energies in CrMnFeCoNi, CrFeCoNi, and CrFeNi alloys and their effect on atomic diffusion

The mechanism of sluggish diffusion in high-entropy alloys has not been understood completely. In this study, we aimed to understand the mechanism by estimating the vacancy migration energies in such alloys. The vacancy migration and annihilation behavior in equimolar CrMnFeCoNi, CrFeCoNi, and CrFeNi alloys during an annealing process after electron irradiation were investigated via positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. The migration energies of monovacancies in these alloys were evaluated to be 0.93, 0.92, and 0.79 eV, respectively, which are comparable with or slightly smaller than that in pure Ni, one of the constituents metals that has the same face-centered cubic structure. On the other hand, the vacancy migration energies increase with the number of constituent elements, suggesting the possibility of shallow vacancy trapping by local chemical environments in the CrMnFeCoNi alloy. These results do not fully support the sluggish diffusion mechanism that has been proposed for high-entropy alloys.

Об использовании шкалы Лайкерта для оценки дидактической сложности учебных понятий

The problem of assessing the semantic complexity of educational concepts, which is equal to the number of words needed to explain their essence, is considered. The following attributes of concepts that affect their semantic complexity are highlighted: 1) the possibility of observing the designated object in everyday life; 2) the possibility of experimental study at school; 3) the possibility of perception of the designated object by the senses; 4) the physical complexity of the object, depending on the number of constituent elements and the connections between them; 5) the degree of entry into the thesaurus of graduates of the first, fifth and eleventh grades; 6) the frequency of the word use in the Russian language. The concepts that denote objects of living and inanimate nature are selected; the category of complexity is determined for each concept by the method of pair comparison. Their attributes were evaluated on the Likert scale with 5 gradations; the correlation coefficients between the attributes and the complexity level, as well as the corresponding linear regression coefficients, are determined. A mathematical model is constructed that connects the complexity of concepts with the values of their attributes; it is shown that due to errors in attribute estimates, it does not allow us to accurately determine the semantic complexity of the concepts. An algorithm for evaluating the concepts complexity based on their division into three groups, depending on the frequency of use in the Russian language, is developed. The results of the evaluation of the semantic complexity of the selected concepts that can be used as reference points are presented.

Theoretical approaches of digital management in agricultural enterprises

The theoretical approaches to digitalization of management in agricultural enterprises has been researched in the article. It has been found that the majority of economists-agrarians consider management as a process that ordered to implement certain range of interrelated actions in order to achieve the intended result. The typology of the concept of "management" as a process has been presented and it has been proved that the study of the digitalization of management as a process allows more comprehensively to cover practically all aspects of the use of the given concept. There are six main management functions that are specific to agricultural enterprises, which consistently transform one another into a holistic, highly effective management cycle. The group of modern technologies, inherent in the process of digitalization of management, has been grouped into five ones: internet technologies, information and communication technologies, sensors and sensors, space technologies and artificial intelligence, which allowed to comprehensively identify the influence of digitalization on the performance of managerial functions in agricultural enterprises and outline predictive effects of their use. The influence of modern technologies inherent in the process of digitalization on each separate management function has been analyzed in depth. It has been emphasized that with the development of digital technologies, the process of digitization of management in agricultural enterprises will only expand, grow and cover an increasing number of constituent elements. The challenges and threats of the process of digitalization of management has been highlighted, the main ones are the lack of IT specialists adapted to work on demand and needs of agribusinesses, the lack of agricultural specialists capable of working with computer programs, high-tech sensors, mobile applications and GPS systems, low qualifications of people , which should be serviced by digital equipment. Key words: digitalization of management, agricultural enterprise, management functions, digital technologies, process, influence, planning, changes.

Unique Characteristics of the Exoskeleton of Bythograeid Crab, Austinograea rodriguezensis in the Indian Ocean Hydrothermal Vent (Onnuri Vent Field).

The Indian Ocean hydrothermal vent is a region where a new oceanic crust is formed by magma at the interface of the deep-sea bed over 2000 m in depth. Here we examined for the first time the exoskeleton structure and mechanical properties of the bythograeid crab Austinograea Rodriguezensis living in hydrothermal vents. Scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive x-ray were used for structural analysis, and a nanoindentation system was used for mechanical analysis. The exoskeleton was divided into four layers: epicuticle, exocuticle, endocuticle, and membrane. The thickness of each layer was different from that of other crustaceans previously reported. Additionally, the number of constituent elements, composition ratio, and hardness of each layer were unique among previously studied crabs. This observation indicates that those characteristics might have evolved for creatures with a hard exoskeleton living in the deep-sea hydrothermal vent.

臨床心理士養成大学院におけるCBTトレーニングの基本構成要素と教育方法—日本のトレーニング・ガイドラインの策定に向けた実態調査—

The purpose of this study was to investigate the current status of the basic components and training methods of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in Japan. The participants in this study were 74 university faculty specializing in CBT and affiliated with certified master's degree courses in clinical psychology graduate program training institutions in Japan. They were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding the components and methods of CBT training, and to provide a free description of educational components. The results indicated that the basic constituent elements of CBT were generally insufficiently covered. In particular, while basic education on CBT theory and techniques is relatively thorough, practical education and training seems to be lacking. In addition, the amount of instruction on these components varies widely among faculty members, showing a tendency for education to depend on the discretion of each faculty member. Finally, since it is thought that a number of constituent elements have become newly necessary for CBT training in the Japanese context, it is necessary to develop CBT training guidelines specific to Japan.

Design thinking as necessary constituent of creative industry

Creative management is implemented at the pre-design and design stages of the innovation cycle and considers the innovative product as a complex structural. Accordingly, the management associated with the creation of a new system of knowledge, skills and abilities must be in a certain way divided into a number of constituent elements. It should also be noted that creative management should be aimed at the full disclosure of creative abilities of people. The design thinking activates the development of knowledge, skills and abilities, because through the use of a qualitatively different methodical device raises the creative potential to a higher level.

Random Finite Set Based Parameter Estimation Algorithm for Identifying Stochastic Systems.

Parameter estimation is one of the key technologies for system identification. The Bayesian parameter estimation algorithms are very important for identifying stochastic systems. In this paper, a random finite set based algorithm is proposed to overcome the disadvantages of the existing Bayesian parameter estimation algorithms. It can estimate the unknown parameters of the stochastic system which consists of a varying number of constituent elements by using the measurements disturbed by false detections, missed detections and noises. The models used for parameter estimation are constructed by using random finite set. Based on the proposed system model and measurement model, the key principles and formula derivation of the proposed algorithm are detailed. Then, the implementation of the algorithm is presented by using sequential Monte Carlo based Probability Hypothesis Density (PHD) filter and simulated tempering based importance sampling. Finally, the experiments of systematic errors estimation of multiple sensors are provided to prove the main advantages of the proposed algorithm. The sensitivity analysis is carried out to further study the mechanism of the algorithm. The experimental results verify the superiority of the proposed algorithm.

Radioactive isotopes reveal a non sluggish kinetics of grain boundary diffusion in high entropy alloys

High entropy alloys (HEAs) have emerged as a new class of multicomponent materials, which have potential for high temperature applications. Phase stability and creep deformation, two key selection criteria for high temperature materials, are predominantly influenced by the diffusion of constituent elements along the grain boundaries (GBs). For the first time, GB diffusion of Ni in chemically homogeneous CoCrFeNi and CoCrFeMnNi HEAs is measured by radiotracer analysis using the 63Ni isotope. Atom probe tomography confirmed the absence of elemental segregation at GBs that allowed reliable estimation of the GB width to be about 0.5 nm. Our GB diffusion measurements prove that a mere increase in number of constituent elements does not lower the diffusion rates in HEAs, but the nature of added constituents plays a more decisive role. The GB energies in both HEAs are estimated at about 0.8–0.9 J/m2, they are found to increase significantly with temperature and the effect is more pronounced for the CoCrFeMnNi alloy.

CONSTRUCTION THE BRIDGE PIER AS PARAMETRIC OBJECT USING AUTODESK REVIT

Purpose. The work is aimed to solve the following tasks: 1) to investigate the possibilities of Autodesk Revit to create parametric objects; 2) to create an information model of the bridge pier with the possibility of changing the model size without changing geometry of the object; 3) to trace the complexity and feasibility of using parametric models when designing the elements of bridges. Methodology. The studies were carried out using spatial modeling in the Autodesk Revit system. The ratio of the parameters of the object was set, the relationship between individual geometric elements was determined and the changes that were made to the model with the change of the specified parameters were checked. Findings. Support model of two types has been created: for railway bridges and for road bridges. Both types of models change the dimensions and the number of constituent elements in accordance with the entered parameters. The performed work confirms the possibility of creating information parametric models of complex form and the expediency of using them in the design of bridges and not only. Originality. Creation of information models is a modern and relevant topic. But both in the literature and in Internet resources, parametrization is considered on the example of simple objects. The model proposed in the article consists of several dependent geometric bodies; therefore, it opens the topic of objects parameterization more fully and in detail, in comparison with the existing sources. As for the creation of parametric models of the bridge elements - such information is not found in the literature, that is, it is proposed for the first time. Practical value. Parametrization of spatial models allows significantly to accelerate and simplify the process of designing any objects due to the use of typical parametric models in many projects. Especially it concerns the design of bridges, since the standard elements for them, such as support or span are not yet presented in software products. Designing the bridges as a flat contour, in comparison with the use of spatial information models, is a long and inefficient process, besides it does not allow visualization, which is a necessary component of any project.

Design of High-Entropy Alloy: A Perspective from Nonideal Mixing

Since the advent in 2004, high-entropy alloys (HEAs) have been attracting a great deal of research interest worldwide. Being deemed as a major paradigmatic shift, the design of HEAs without base elements poses challenges to the existing thermodynamic models and theories that were long established for traditional alloys, one of which is related to the thermodynamic mechanisms for the formation of random solid solution in a concentrated multicomponent alloy. In this article, we discuss the design of HEAs from the perspective of correlated mixing (nonideal mixing of atoms with interatomic correlations). In a quantitative manner, we can show that the formation of a random solid solution in HEAs depends not only on the number of constituent elements but also on the alloy’s melting/processing temperature and on various interatomic correlations. Through the correlated mixing rule, we further demonstrate a strategy to screen out equiatomic alloys with the thermodynamic characteristics close to those of random solid solutions from an expanded library of 20 candidate elements.

Water or realistic compositions in proton radiotherapy? An analytical study

Purpose: Pre-clinical tests and simulation studies for radiotherapy are generally carried out using water or simplified materials. Investigating the effects of defining compositionally realistic media in proton transport studies was the objective of this work. Accurate modeling of the Bragg curve is a fundamental requirement for such a study.Methods and materials: An equation previously validated by experiments provides an appropriate analytical method for proton dose calculation in depth of the target. Owing to the dependency on protons ranges and the probability of undergoing non-elastic nuclear interactions (NNI), this formula comprises three parameters with values specified for initial proton energy and for the target material. As a result, knowledge of the depth-dose distribution using this analytical model is limited to the materials for which the data has been provided in nuclear data tables. In this study, we used our general formulas for calculating the protons ranges and the probability of undergoing NNI in desired compounds and mixtures with an arbitrary number of constituent elements. Furthermore, the protons dose distribution in the depth of these targets was leading off with determining the parameters appeared in the employed model using our mathematically easy to handle relations. For a number of tissues which may be of interest in proton radiotherapy studies but are missing in reference data tables, the mentioned parameters were calculated. Moreover, the resultant values for the protons ranges and the probability of undergoing NNIs were compared with those in water.Results: The results showed that the differences between the position of Bragg peaks in water and realistic media considered in this study were energy dependent, and ranged between a few millimeters. For proton beams of arbitrary chosen initial energies, the maximum dose delivered to the realistic media varied between about −0.02–4.42% in comparison with that to water.Conclusions: The effects observed (both in penetration and in the magnitude of the Bragg peaks) may be overshadowed by the different dose prescriptions depending on the quality of the treatment planning system, and dosimetry protocols used at the various therapy centers.

The Future of Organization Design: An Interpretative Synthesis in Three Themes

In the inaugural issue of the Journal of Organization Design (Vol. 1, #1, 2012), noted scholars and experienced practitioners presented their views on the future of organization design. The seven wise and provocative statements were subsequently discussed by members of the Organizational Design Community at a conference held at Harvard University on August 3, 2012. I was asked by JOD to monitor the discussion and identify the broad organization design themes that emerged. Although the discussion was wide ranging, three themes were noticeable. The first theme is that there are fundamentals of organization design, and all agreed that design involves creating a cohesive socio-technical system from a number of constituent elements. The second theme is that the boundaries of many newer organizational forms extend beyond that of the single firm, so the scope of organization design needs to expand to include ecosystems, collaborative communities, industries, and other supra-firm architectures. The third theme involves time and change, requiring a shift in focus from how organizations become stable and predictable to how they can become more agile.

Misfit accommodation in oxide thin film heterostructures

Complex oxides are of intense interest due to their diverse properties, such as colossal magnetoresistance and superconductivity. Their complexity arises not only from the number of constituent elements, but also from their tolerance of non-stoichiometry and the structural complexity of these perovskite-based materials, e.g. the distortions and rotations of the oxygen octahedra surrounding the B-site cation. For these reasons, misfit accommodation in these materials is far more complex than in simpler materials, and can involve several different mechanisms simultaneously. In some cases, interfaces can be free from any misfit dislocations, lattice mismatch being accommodated via incorporation of oxygen vacancies, which take an ordered periodic arrangement. Interfaces may also present a perturbation to the octahedral rotations that can dramatically affect properties, not just close to the interface but through the entire film. In oxygen ion conducting materials, the oxygen sublattice may even melt in some situations.

Uranium Surrounding in Borosilicate Glasses from Neutron- and X-ray Diffraction and Reverse Monte Carlo Modelling

Borosilicate glasses are important as most promising host materials for immobilizing high-level radioactive wastes, like U-, Pu-oxides [1,2]. However, relatively few structural investigations have been performed on uranium-loaded glasses [3,4] because of the large number of constituent elements which may reach even 10–20 different components.

Synthesis of a complex RiCR filter based on the real elliptic filter and its active simulation

This paper describes a method of configuration of a complex RiCR filter with coupled Chebyshev characteristics. The frequency shift method is a well-known method of obtaining a complex filter from a real filter, in which the transfer characteristic of the real filter is shifted along the frequency axis. The complex coupled Chebyshev filter obtained by the frequency shifting of a coupled Chebyshev filter has an excellent attenuation characteristic, but the number of constituent elements for active realization is large and the circuit is complex. In the proposed method, the complex coupled Chebyshev filter is first transformed to a complex RiCR filter so that the number of constituent elements for active realization is reduced and the circuit is simplified. In this paper, a method is presented for transforming the complex coupled Chebyshev filter to a complex RiCR filter. The attenuation characteristics and the numbers of constituent elements of the complex filter designed by the proposed method, the complex coupled Chebyshev filter, and the conventional complex RiCR filter, are compared for confirmation of the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 89(5): 12–20, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20212

A bottlenose dolphin discriminates visual stimuli differing in numerosity.

A bottlenose dolphin was trained to discriminate two simultaneously presented stimuli differing in numerosity (defined by the number of constituent elements). After responding correctly to stimuli consisting of three-dimensional objects, the dolphin transferred to two-dimensional stimuli. Initially, a variety of stimulus parameters covaried with the numerosity feature. By systematically controlling for these stimulus parameters, it was demonstrated that some of these attributes, such as element configuration and overall brightness, affected the animal's discrimination performance. However, after all the confounding parameters were under control, the dolphin was able to discriminate the stimuli exclusively on the basis of the numerosity feature. The animal then achieved a successful transfer to novel numerosities, both intervening numerosities and numerosities outside the former range. These findings provide substantial evidence that the dolphin could base his behavior on the numerosity of a set independently of its other attributes and that he represented ordinal relations among numerosities.

Circuit Partitioning for FPGAs by the Optimal Circuit Reduction Method

Mathematically the most difficult partitioning problem–packaging–is being considered. Its purpose is to minimize a number of partitions and to satisfy the constraints on the number of constituent elements and external nets. To solve the problem, the Optimal Circuit Reduction Method, suggested by R. Bazylevych is being used. The optimal reduction tree to reflect the hierarchical entrance of smaller clusters into bigger ones is being built for the first step. At the second step we select one or more tree vertices which better meet the given constraints and are the first partitions generated from. After creating every new partition we eliminate its elements from the circuit and repeat the procedure to complete all partitions. During the last stage optimization strategies to exchange some elements between the partitions are being used. Better or equivalent results among known tests confirm the effectiveness of this method.