Number Of Brushes Research Articles

Platinum group elements in urban road dust

Platinum group elements in urban road dust

한국 청소년의 구강건강 실태와 주관적 구강건강인식의 관련성

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the relations between oral health status and subjective oral health recognition in Korean adolescents. Methods: The survey data were extracted from the 2012 Korea National Oral Health Survey from June to November, 2012. The survey consisted of oral checkup data and the oral health interviewing data of 9,981 adolescents(5,335 male, 4,646 female) by proportional distribution. The questionnaire included general objective oral health status and subjective oral health recognition. The subjective oral health recognition consisted of general characteristics of the subjects, oral health status, oral health behavior, and subjective oral health recognition. Results: According to multiple regression analysis for the relations between general characteristics and subjective oral health recognition, subjective health recognition, the influencing factors were gender, age, the number of tooth brushing per day, intake of snacks and carbonated drinks, regular oral examination, decayed teeth (DT), missing teeth (MT,) and DMFT. Conclusions: The routine oral checkup is the most important method to improve the oral health management in the adolescents. The continuing oral health improvement project must be implemented based on the law and will keep the adolescents in good oral health status.

Brush your trees!

Bryant et al. (2014) propose a graph cleaning process and study the corresponding brush number. As their main result they show that the brush number of a tree with ℓ leaves is at least ⌊ℓ+12⌋ and at most ⌈ℓ+12⌉. Answering one of their questions, we show that the trees with an even number ℓ of leaves and brush number ℓ2 can be recognized efficiently. Furthermore, we provide a simpler proof of their main result.

Brushing with additional cleaning restrictions

In graph cleaning problems, brushes clean a graph by traversing it subject to certain rules. We consider the process where at each time step, a vertex that has at least as many brushes as incident, contaminated edges, sends brushes down these edges to clean them. Various problems arise, such as determining the minimum number of brushes (called the brush number) that are required to clean the entire graph. Here, we study a new variant of the problem in which no more than k brushes can be sent at any time step.

Thirty years of evolution of oral health behaviors in the working-age Poles.

In an average Polish person aged 35-44, more than 16 teeth have or had been affected by dental caries. Of that number, almost half of the teeth have already been extracted. Oral health behaviours contribute to this civilization disease in 50%. Such poor oral health status limits the ability of the affected people to take many social and professional roles. To evaluate current oral health behaviours and their trends among 35-44 year old Polish people during the period of recent 30 years. The data were obtained from the International Collaborative Studies conducted in 1978 and 1988 at the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland, under the auspices of the World Health Organization (WHO) as well as from 3 stages of the study on Nationwide Monitoring of Oral Health Status and Its Conditioning performed in 1998, 2002 and 2010. The researchers evaluated oral health behaviours and oral health condition of 5425 subjects. Despite a noticeable improvement, poor oral health behaviours are observed in 30%-40% of the adults. In the analysed period, the number of people brushing their teeth at least twice a day increased by more than 10% and the number of people using dental floss increased by 38%. Only 60% of the adults visited a dentist at least once a year. Reduced accessibility of state-run, free-of-charge dental care has caused that over 58% of Poles paid for their dental services. Every 3rd person of working age has not visited a dentist for longer than 2.5 half years, primarily due to behavioural and financial reasons. Oral health behaviours of Polish people are among the poorest in Europe. Despite a noticeable improvement of the behaviours, gap between the Poles and citizens of other highly developed countries is around 20 years. A health promotion programme including oral health issues, if implemented in workplaces, might considerably reduce this gap.

대학생의 구강관리용품 휴대여부에 따른 구강건강행태 차이

The aim of this study was the association between carrying a toothbrush and oral health behaviors among university students in Gangwon-do province. This cross-sectional study included 198 students (111 males and 87 females), aged 18 and 25 years. A self-administered quistionnaire was distributed. The proportion of carrying a toothbrush was 45.5%. Self-rated oral health and oral health interest were a significant higher in carrying a toothbrush group than no-carrying group. Futhermore, oral health behaviors, such as the number of tooth brushing during the day, tooth brushing before to sleep and after drinking, were a significant higher in carrying a toothbrush group than no-carrying group. The present paper discusses the carrying a toothbrush associated with good oral health behaviors.

해외 어학연수생과 한국 대학생 간의 구강보건행태 평가

Objectives : The purpose of the study is to investigate the oral health behaviors between students studying in Vancouver, Canada and college students in Daejeon, Korea. Methods : A self-reported questionnaire was filled out by 239 students in November, 2013. The questionnaire consisted of oral health behavior including tooth brushing methods between two countries. Chi-square test and t-test were analyzed. The analyses were conducted using R version 2.14.2(R Foundation for statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). Results : The number of tooth brushing in Korean students was higher than those in Canada. Fifty nine percent of the Koreans brushed their teeth 3 times a day while 62.3% of students in Canada brushed their teeth 2 times a day(p<0.0001). Those who were taught on oral health education tended to brush the teeth more frequently that those who had not. Koreans and Japanese tended to brush teeth more frequently after breakfast than the Taiwanese(p=0.005). Koreans also brushed teeth after dinner more frequently than Japanese, Taiwanese, and other foreigners(p=0.012). Conclusions : This study indicated that Koreans have better oral health behaviors in comparison to students studying abroad.

Brushing without capacity restrictions

In graph cleaning problems, brushes clean a graph by traversing it subject to certain rules. Various problems arise, such as determining the minimum number of brushes that are required to clean the entire graph. This number is called the brushing number. Here, we study a new variant of the brushing problem in which one vertex is cleaned at a time, but more than one brush may traverse a dirty edge. In particular, we obtain results on the brushing number of Cartesian products of graphs and trees, as well as upper and lower bounds on the brushing number in the general case.

Avaliação de hábitos de higiene bucal, hábitos alimentares e pH salivar em pacientes com ausência e presença de lesões cervicais não cariosas

OBJETIVO: Avaliar hábitos de higiene bucal, hábitos alimentares e pH salivar em pacientes com ausência e presença de lesões cervicais não cariosas. MÉTODO: Por meio de um estudo transversal, foram avaliados 88 pacientes, de ambos os sexos, feminino (63,6%) e masculino (36,4%), entre 18 e 71 anos, nos Serviços de Oclusão das cidades de João Pessoa e Campina Grande. Realizaram-se avaliações clínicas, por um único examinador calibrado, para diagnosticar a presença das lesões, a face, os grupos dentários, os hábitos de abrasão e erosão, e o pH Salivar. Utilizaram-se análises descritivas e não paramétricas (Qui-Quadrado, coeficiente ρ de Spearman e teste U de Mann-Whitney), com 5% de nível de significância e 95% de intervalo de confiança. RESULTADO: Verificou-se a prevalência de 65,90% dos pacientes com lesões e o grupo dos pré-molares foi o mais atingido pelas lesões, que estiveram frequentes na face vestibular e na maxila. O gênero não apresentou associação com a presença das lesões, enquanto que a idade foi estatisticamente significante (p&lt;0,001) para a presença destas. O número e a direção de escovação (Fator Abrasivo) e pH Salivar não demonstraram associação com a presença das lesões, enquanto que a frequência do consumo de refrigerantes, de 1 a 7× semanais, apresentou associação positiva. CONCLUSÃO: Os pacientes com alterações oclusais apresentam um elevado número de lesões cervicais não cariosas e a frequência do consumo de refrigerantes representou associação estatística com a presença de lesões.

Evaluation of multi-brush anode systems in microbial fuel cells

The packing density of anodes in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) was examined here using four different graphite fiber brush anode configurations. The impact of anodes on performance was studied in terms of carbon fiber length (brush diameter), the number of brushes connected in parallel, and the wire current collector gage. MFCs with different numbers of brushes (one, three or six) set perpendicular to the cathode all produced similar power densities (1200 ± 40 mW/m(2)) and coulombic efficiencies (60% ± 5%). Reducing the number of brushes by either disconnecting or removing them reduced power, demonstrating the importance of anode projected area covering the cathode, and therefore the need to match electrode projected areas to maintain high performance. Multi-brush reactors had the same COD removal as single-brush systems (>90%). The use of smaller Ti wire gages did not affect power generation, which will enable the use of less metal, reducing material costs.

Selection of tomato hybrids (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) for cultivation in the extended culture winter greenhouses

The article presents the estimation of economic and biological characteristics of indeterminant tomato hyb­ rids (Raisa F1, Macarena F1, Emotion F1, Anabel F1, Mariachi F1) under conditions of winter hydroponic. The earliest emergence of fruits is established for Macarena F1 tomato hydrid. The total number of brushes, flo­ ers and w fruits formed on the plant during the vegetation period, is determined. The degree of fruit inception, yield per plant and average weight of the plant are measured. The monthly dynamics of hybrid tomato crops is presented. The largest harvest was collected through May to July. Marketable and non-marketable portions of the harvest and commercial quality of tomato fruits are determined. A close correlation between fruit weight and fruit yield is established. The Macarena F1 hybrid is distinguished as the most precocious and high-yielding variety.

재미 한국인과 우리나라 성인의 구강건강상태에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구

Objectives : The purpose of the study is to compare and investigate oral health status between Korean adults living in Korea and the US. Methods : Subjects were 1,785 persons including 399 Korean adults living in Virginia, US and those from the second year 2011 of the 5th National Health and Nutrition Survey. Darta were analyzed using SPSS 12.0 for frequency analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and post-hoc Tukey. Results : 1. In general characteristics, adult living in Korea revealed higher DT and DMFT than those in the US. 2. In oral health status, adult living in Korea revealed higher DT and DMFT than those in the US. 3. The variables affecting oral health status in Korean adults in the US were age, private health insurance and number of tooth brushing. 4. The variables affecting oral health status in adults in Korea included gender, age, private health insurance, smoking, drinking, use of secondary oral hygienic products and number of tooth brushing. Conclusions : It is necessary to emphasize the importance of oral health care and to establish the oral health education in dental care agencies.

口腔粘膜組織を対象とした液状化検体細胞診に用いる細胞採取ブラシの比較検討

It has recently been reported that oral brush cytological examination in private dental clinics is quite effective for early detection of oral cancers. While a number of brushes are available in the market (or are under development) for this examination, it has not yet been investigated as to which of these might be the most useful to collect a sufficient number of cells for adequate cytological examination.The purpose of this study was to identify a brush that can be used easily by any dentist to collect sufficient amounts of cells for satisfactory cytodiagnosis, and thereby spread the examination in our country.

Consumo de dentifrício e fatores associados em um grupo populacional brasileiro

This cross-sectional study evaluated the consumption of fluoridated dentifrice and associated factors in Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. A total of 688 households were selected. A structured questionnaire was answered by the mother to obtain demographics, habits, and toothpaste consumption. Household toothpaste consumption was considered low when a tube lasted > 1 month and high when < 1 month. Logistic regression models were applied to evaluate the association between consumption and independent variables. 61.2% of households showed high toothpaste consumption. In the multivariate model, mother's age > 50 years (OR = 1.62; 95%CI: 1.02-2.61), mother's brushing frequency (OR = 2.53; 95%CI: 1.53-4.16), number of people brushing (OR = 5.69; 95%CI: 3.68-8.81), and cosmetic features in choice of the dentifrice (OR = 1.64; 95%CI: 1.03-2.61) showed the highest odds of high toothpaste consumption.

Polymer brushes with nanoinclusions under shear: A molecular dynamics investigation.

We use molecular dynamics simulations with a dissipative particle dynamics thermostat to study the behavior of nanosized inclusions (colloids) in a polymer brush under shear whereby the solvent is explicitly included in the simulation. The brush is described by a bead-spring model for flexible polymer chains, grafted on a solid substrate, while the polymer-soluble nanoparticles in the solution are taken as soft spheres whose diameter is about three times larger than that of the chain segments and the solvent. We find that the brush number density profile, as well as the density profiles of the nanoinclusions and the solvent, remains insensitive to strong shear although the grafted chains tilt in direction of the flow. The thickness of the penetration layer of nanoinclusions, as well as their average concentration in the brush, stays largely unaffected even at the strongest shear. Our result manifests the remarkable robustness of polymer brushes with embedded nanoparticles under high shear which could be of importance for technological applications.

Cleaning with Brooms

A model for cleaning a graph with brushes was recently introduced. Most of the existing papers consider the minimum number of brushes needed to clean a given graph G in this model, the so-called brush number b(G). In this paper, we focus on the broom number, B(G), that is, the maximum number of brushes that can be used to clean a graph G in this model.

Inhibition of the adhesive ability of Streptococcus mutans on hydroxyapatite pellet using a toothbrush equipped with TiO 2 semiconductor and solar panel

TiO 2 has an antibacterial effect against Streptococcus mutans ( S. mutans ). The objective of this study was to show the Inhibition of the adhesive ability of S. mutans on hydroxyapatite pellet using a toothbrush equipped with TiO 2 semiconductor and solar panel. Gradual brushing of 9 hydroxyapatite pellets was done by the same person using a solar toothbrush under 750/LUX light source in water. As a control, pellets brushed with a placebo toothbrush were done using the same procedure by the same person. All the pellets were inoculated in 10 m l Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth containing 100μ l of 10 8 CFU/m l S. mutans and 1% sucrose and then incubated at 37°C for 12 hours. After incubation, the adherence conditions of S. mutans on each pellet were checked. The bacterial count of S. mutans on the brushed pellets using solar toothbrush were fewer than those using placebo toothbrush. The quantities of adherence of S. mutans decreased according to number of brushing and adhesion on pellets brushed more than 50 times could not be recognized. However, adhesion of S. mutans on the pellets brushed using placebo toothbrush were recognized and the adhesive quantities were visually the same. These results occurred because of some electronic charges on the brushed pellets using solar toothbrush. Soladey-3 toothbrush prevented S. mutans adhesion to the hydroxyapatite pellet under a light source.

Parallel cleaning of a network with brushes

We consider the process of cleaning a network where at each time step, all vertices that have at least as many brushes as incident, contaminated edges, send brushes down these edges and remove them from the network. An added condition is that, because of the contamination model used, the final configuration must be the initial configuration of another cleaning of the network. We find the minimum number of brushes required for trees, cycles, complete bipartite networks; and for all networks when all edges must be cleaned on each step. Finally, we give bounds on the number of brushes required for complete networks.

Clean the graph before you draw it!

We prove a relationship between the Cleaning problem and the Balanced Vertex-Ordering problem, namely that the minimum total imbalance of a graph equals twice the brush number of a graph. This equality has consequences for both problems. On one hand, it allows us to prove the NP -completeness of the Cleaning problem, which was conjectured by Messinger et al. [M.-E. Messinger, R.J. Nowakowski, P. Prałat, Cleaning a network with brushes, Theoret. Comput. Sci. 399 (2008) 191–205]. On the other hand, it also enables us to design a faster algorithm for the Balanced Vertex-Ordering problem [J. Kára, K. Kratochvíl, D. Wood, On the complexity of the balanced vertex ordering problem, Discrete Math. Theor. Comput. Sci. 9 (1) (2007) 193–202].

Cleaning Regular Graphs with Brushes

A model for cleaning a graph with brushes was recently introduced. We consider the minimum number of brushes needed to clean d-regular graphs in this model, focusing on the asymptotic number for random d-regular graphs. We use a degree-greedy algorithm to clean a random d-regular graph on n vertices (with $dn$ even) and analyze it using the differential equations method to find the (asymptotic) number of brushes needed to clean a random d-regular graph using this algorithm (for fixed d). We further show that for any d-regular graph on n vertices at most $n(d+1)/4$ brushes suffice and prove that, for fixed large d, the minimum number of brushes needed to clean a random d-regular graph on n vertices is asymptotically almost surely $\frac{n}{4}(d+o(d))$, thus solving a problem raised in [M.E. Messinger, R.J. Nowakowski, P. Prałat, and N. Wormald, Cleaning random d-regular graphs with brushes using a degree-greedy algorithm, in Combinatorial and Algorithmic Aspects of Networking, Lecture Notes in Comput. Sci. 4852, Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg, 2007, pp. 13–26].