Number Of Branches Plant-1 Research Articles

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT POTASSIUM LEVELS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF TOMATO (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is a popular vegetable and the most important ingredient when any vegetable is cooked and referred to as “protective food” because of its special nutritive value and widespread production. The present research was carried out in 2017-18 at Horticulture Garden, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan. To assess the Effect of Different Potassium levels on the Growth and Yield of Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum mill.) the experimental trial was carried out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The Gola Variety Seedlings are transplanted at the field. Six different potassium levels were used for soil fertility Viz K1 (Control/ without K), K2 (25 kg ha-1), K3 (50 kg ha-1), K4 (75 kg ha-1), K5 (100 kg ha-1) and K6 (125 kg ha-1). Potassium should be applied on split doses and tomato crop was planted and observations were recorded for plant height (cm), number of branches plant-1, days to flowering, days to fruiting, number of fruits plant-1, the weight of single fruit (g), fruit yield plot-1 (kg) and fruit yield (ton ha-1). It was found that all studied attributes were statically significant (P<0.05) and influenced by different potassium levels. The maximum plant height (107.00cm), number of branches plant-1 (9.33), number of fruits plant-1 (91.66), the weight of single fruit (105.67g), fruit yield plot-1 (45.48kg) and fruit yield (49.12ton ha-1) was recorded in where potassium 100 kg ha-1 was used. The maximum plant height (103.60cm), number of branches plant-1 (7.33), number of fruits plant-1 (87.66), the weight of single fruit (101.00g), fruit yield plot-1 (40.95kg) and fruit yield (44.23ton ha-1) was recorded in where potassium 75 kg ha-1 was used. While the minimum plant height (70.00cm), number of branches plant-1 (3.66), number of fruits plant-1 (60.00), the weight of single fruit (48.00g), fruit yield plot-1 (10.27kg) and fruit yield (11.09ton ha-1) was recorded in where potassium did not be used respectively. The present results that the (100 kg K ha-1) had a better result for all parameters and all results were statically significant.

EFFECT OF HUMIC ACID ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF OKRA

A field experiment was conducted at Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute, Karaikal with an aim to study the effect of HA on okra plants along with different doses of FYM and recommended fertilizers. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. There were sixteen treatments comprising of organic sources with various levels of humic acid. The results revealed that the treatment T15 (FYM plus 100% RDF (Recommended dose of fertilizer) along with 0.2% HA) showed superiority in most of the parameters plant height at first flowering and final harvest, number of branches plant-1 at first flowering and final harvest, fruit length, fruit girth, number of fruits plant-1and yield plant-1. It is apparent that the lower dose of HA is favorable in inducing the growth and development in okra.

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Cuminum cyminum (Cumin) is valuable seed spice with diverse usage in cosmetic, medicinal and food industries. An experiment was conducted to evaluate performance of different cumin genotypes for their growth and yield parameters under Jammu subtropics so as to get information on variability present in them and to identify superior genotype(s) for subtropics of Jammu region. Although moderate seed germination percentage (48.60-74.37%) was recorded, but survival percentage of crop was very poor (5.67% -12.33%) resulting in low seed yield plant-1(0.21g -0.98g) which ultimately lead to low yield per hectare (7.42kg-77.42kg). All characters and combinations were positively and significantly correlated with each other except for trait pairs number of umbels plant-1 vs. plant height, 1000 seed weight vs. plant height and 1000 seed weight vs. number of umbels plant-1 which were positively correlated but non-significant. Seed yield plant-1 was significantly and positively correlated with number of seeds plant-1 (r = 0.923, p = 0.01), number of seeds umbel-1 (r = 0.842, p = 0.01) survival percentage (r = 0.825, p = 0.01), number of umbels plant-1 (r = 0.787, p = 0.01), germination percentage (r = 0.750, p = 0.01) and number of branches plant-1 (r = 0.710, p = 0.01). Higher seed yield plant-1 was observed in genotype GC-4 (0.98g) compared to other genotypes. The overall performance of different genotypes was poor, however, the genotype GC-4 performed better than others. Due to poor survival, growth and yield performance, cumin crop is not commercially suitable for Jammu subtropics.

Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth of senna (Cassia angustifoliaVahl.)

Senna (Cassia angustifoliaVahl.) belongs to the family Fabaceae and is one of the most significant medicinal crops in India. India holds leading position in the production of senna crop and export of its produce to the world market, annually earning nearly 45 million. Almost all the senna leaves produced in India are exported and the major portion is transported to London market. Thus an experiment was conducted on the “Effect of Integrated nutrient Management on Growth of Senna (Cassia angustifoliaVahl.)” carried out at ParamathiVelur, Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu during the year 2019 - 2021. The field experiment was consisting of different combination of nutrients viz., recommended dose of fertilizers RDF, farmyard manure FYM, vermicompost VC and biofertilizers (Azospirillum AS and Phosphobacteria PB).The senna plants were planted in a plot with the size of 2.2x2.2 m2 with 35 plants @ 45 x 30 cm2 spacing. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications and twelve treatments. Among the various treatments tried, plants supplied with T10 (75%RDF+FYM@10tha-1+Azospirillum@2.5kgha-1 + Phosphobacteria @ 2 kg ha-1) recorded maximum growth parameters such as plant height, number of branches plant-1, plant spread and leaf area plant-1.

Influence of Different Weed Management Practices on Weed Indices and Growth Parameters of Summer Moong (Vigna radiata L.Wilczek) Under Irrigated Conditions of Punjab

A field experiment was conducted during summer season of 2019-20 at the Campus for Research and Advanced Studies Dhablan ofGeneral Shivdev Singh Diwan Gurbachan Singh Khalsa College, Patiala, Punjab. A set of 12 different treatment combinations werelaid out in randomized block design with 3 replications. Different weed management practices significantly influenced weed indices,growth and economics of summer moong crop. Besides weed free treatment, weed indices like total weed population (3.13 m-2), weeddry weight (4.07 gm-2) and weed index except weed control efficiency (%) were recorded significantly minimum with applicationof Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 pre emergence (PE) followed by hand weeding (H.W.) at 30 date after sowing (DAS), followed by theapplication of Imazethapyr @75 gm ha-1 (PE) followed by one hand weeding at 30 DAS at all growth stages. All growth parameters viz.,plant height (36.28 cm), number of branches plant-1 (10.16) and dry weight (76.63 g) plant-1 significantly increased with application ofPendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1(PE) followed by H.W. at 30 DAS. The benefit cost ratio (2.68) was significantly maximum with applicationof Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (PE) followed by H.W. at 30 DAS.

Assessment of Genetic Parameters for Yield and Its Associated Traits in Greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek

Greengram is India's most significant legume crop, and because there is relatively little genetic variety, increasing productivity demands increased attention in research for the development of superior cultivars. During Kharif 2020-21, an experiment was conducted to the evaluation of the genetic parameters for yield and their associated attributes for thirty-nine Mungbean genotypes. Using a Randomised Block Design (RBD), all genotypes were sown in three replications. The observations on various quantitative characters were recorded, and the genetic parameters, PCV, GCV, heritability(bs), and genetic advance, along with the analysis of variances, were estimated. According to ANOVA, almost all genotypes exhibited significant variances for all characters. The highest GCV and PCV was found to be pod length (cm), number of pods cluster-1, number of primary branches plant-1, biological yield plant-1 as well as seed yield plant-1. The heritability was recorded high for pod length (cm) followed by number of primary branches plant-1, number of pods cluster-1, days to pod initiation, number of seeds pod-1, days to 50% flowering, seed yield plant-1, biological yield plant-1, number of effective pods plant-1. The character’s days to flower initiation, total number of pods plant-1, harvest index and number of clusters plant-1 revealed medium genetic advance. High heritability(bs) coupled high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for pod length (cm), number of branches plant-1, number of pods cluster-1, days to pod initiation, number of seeds pod-1, days to 50% flowering, seed yield plant-1, biological yield plant-1 and number of effective pods plant-1.

Influence of Seed Size and Bio-fertilizer on Growth, Yield and Yield Parameter of Groundnut [Arachis hypogaea (L.)] Crop under Rainfed Condition

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season 2021 to study the effect of seed size and bio-fertilizers on growth, yield and yield parameter of crop. The treatments include different categories of seed size viz., mixed (S1), bold (S2) and small seed size (S3) and bio-fertilizer viz., control (B1), Rhizobium + PSB + KMB (B2) and Trichoderma harzianum + Aspergillus niger (B3). Large seed size and bio-fertilizer shows significant effect on growth parameter viz., plant height, number of branches plant-1, number of pegs plant-1 and root nodules plant-1 and yield parameter viz., number of pods plant-1, number of seeds per pod-1, seed index, shelling percentage and seed yield of groundnut except harvest index. Large seed size shows significant increase in number of pegs plant-1 and pods plant-1 which increase the yield of groundnut. In case of bio-fertilizer, Rhizobium + PSB + KMB shows significant effect on growth and yield parameter viz., plant height, number of branches plant-1, number of pegs plant-1, root nodules plant-1, yield parameter viz., number of pods plant-1, number of seeds per pod-1, seed index, shelling percentage and seed yield of groundnut except harvest index.

Influence of Bamboo Biochar and Gibberellic Acid on Vegetative and Flower Production of Tagetes erecta L.

This research was carried out in open field Grdarasha, Agriculture College, Salahaddin University through March 18th to August 21th 2021 to study the effects of Bamboo biochar (0, 3, 6 and 9 ton.ha-1) as soil application and foliar spray GA3 (0, 200, 400 ml.l-1) on (Tagetes erecta L.) vegetative growth and flowering. The maximum number of leaves.plant-1, number of branches plant-1, vegetative growth dry mass (511.24, 61.82 and 115.63g) were observed from 9 ton.ha-1 of Bamboo biochar, and the highest stem diameter (22.31mm) was recorded from 6 ton.ha-1 of Bamboo biochar. However, the maximum values of number of leaves per plant (502.20), plant height (54.00 cm) and vegetative growth dry weight (109.09 g) were recorded in a higher GA3 concentration 400 ml.l-1. The interaction treatment of 6 ton.ha-1 of Bamboo biochar and 400 ml.l-1 GA3 gave the highest value of plant height and stem diameter (55.83 cm and 24.00 mm respectively). The best result time to reach %50 flowering (55.00 days) was obtained from 3 ton.ha-1 of Bamboo biochar, and the best results of time to reach 50% flowering (55.83 days), number of flowers per plant(46.02) and number of flowers per plot(184.08) were obtained from 400 ml.l-1 of GA3. The interaction treatment of 400 ml.l-1 of GA3 without Bamboo biochar gave the highest of number of flowers per plant (57.58), number of flowers per plot (230.33), flowers fresh weight per plant (212.17 g), flowers fresh weight per plot (848.67 g) and flowers fresh weight per hectar (7.07 ton).

Response of Bread Wheat Crop to the Spray of Alcoholic Sugars and A balanced Mineral Fertilizer in the Central Region of Iraq

Two field experiments were conducted during the season 2021-2022 in central Iraq represented by the Al-Muthanna governorate - Al-Majd District and Al-Qadisiyah governorate / Al-Nouriah Research Station to determine the productivity of the Baghdad 3 cultivar from spray foliar fertilization of Macro and Micro elements with alcoholic sugars and half the fertilizer recommendation for addition floor, three treatments were used for fertilization: T1 as the control treatment and T2 with alcoholic sugar fertilization at a concentration of 20 g.L-1 + the fertilizer combination of Macro and Micro elements, and T3 with alcoholic sugar fertilization at a concentration of 40 g.L-1 + the fertilizer combination of Macro and Microelements, at irrigation 55% of the water is depleted available water. The results showed that the seasonal water consumption was 437.5 and 425 mm in Al-Muthanna and AL-Qadisiyah locations, respectively and spraying with alcoholic sugars and fertilizer combination (balanced mineral fertilizer and micro-elements) during the different growth stages achieved significant differences in plant height, leaf area, number of branches plant-1 and chlorophyll content and it showed the success of the integrated fertilizer combination to spray nitrogen, potassium and microelements in the presence of alcoholic sugars with sorbitol with fertilization with triple superphosphate before planting 20 kg ha-1, and urea fertilizer 156 kg ha-1 under the conditions of the current experiment. The total yield of wheat was (4000 kg ha-1) and (5300 kg ha-1) at T2 and T3 fertilization treatment, respectively, compared to T1 treatment (5780 kg ha-1) in Al-Muthanna province. In Al-Qadisiyah Governorate location, the weight of the total yield increased with the fertilization treatments T2 (3768 kg ha-1) and T3 (4332 kg ha-1) compared to the treatment of T1 fertilization (3264 kg ha-1).

Effect of Different Organic Manures on Establishment of Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims.) cv. Coorg Purple and Coorg Yellow under Prayagraj Agro-climatic Conditions

The experiment entitled “Effect of different organic manures on establishment of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims.) cv. Coorg Purple and Coorg Yellow under Prayagraj Agro-climatic conditions” was carried out at Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj during the year 2020-2021.The experiment were laid out in Randomized Block Design comprising of 8 treatments viz., T1 Control, T2 Poultry manure (100%), T3 FYM (100%), T4 Vermicompost (100%), T5 Control, T6 Poultry manure (100%), T7 FYM (100%) and T8 Vermicompost (100%), with three replications. The use of appropriate organic manure can help in its early growth, development & establishment and also there will be an efficient use of some of the animal wastes. The growing media here to be used are also cheap, efficient & easily available, suitable for the farmer’s use. Result showed that treatment T4 performed best in terms of plant height (86.77cm), number of branches plant (3.99) , number of leaves plant (40.33), stem girth (4.69mm), leaf area (124 sq/cm) and Chlorophyll Content (92.39 µmol per m2) .

Response of Phosphorus and Biofertilizers on Growth, Yield Attributes and Economic Indices of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper)

Field experiment was conducted during the kharif season of year 2019 to study the response of phosphorus and biofertilizers on growth, yield attributes and economic indices of black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper). The initial soil parameter status were pH 4.6, OC 1.16%, medium in available soil N (256.99 kg ha-1), low in available P (18.95 kg ha-1) and medium in available K (212.56 kg ha-1). The soil was well drained and sandy loam in texture The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications. The treatments consisted of four levels of phosphorus i.e. 0, 20, 40, 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 and four levels of biofertilizer i.e. uninoculated, Rhizobium, PSB, Rhizobium + PSB. Among the various treatment levels and sources, 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 with dual inoculation of seeds along with Rhizobium + PSB significantly increased the growth and yield attributes such as plant height, plant population, Leaf Area Index (LAI), number of leaves plant-1, number of branches plant-1, Crop Growth Rate (CGR), number of pods plant-1 (30.72), pod length (4.68 cm), number of seeds pod-1 (7.20), seed yield (1120.35 kg ha-1), stover yield (2401.54 kg ha-1) and harvest index (31.80 %) over rest of the treatments. Results further indicated that a higher net return of ₹ 39,811 and B:C ratio of 1.45 were also observed with the application of 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 along with dual inoculation of seeds with Rhizobium and PSB.

Influence of Different Organics on Growth, Yield and Economics of Soybean [Glycine max (L.)] under Rainfed Condition

A field experiment was conducted during 2021 to study the influence of different organics on growth, yield and economic soybean [Glycine max (L.)] under rainfed condition. The treatment include different foliar nutrition application (F) viz., control (F1), 4% panchgavya (F2), 2% novel organic liquid (F3), 4% seaweed extract (F4), 4% cow urine (F5) and 2% vermiwash (F6) at 30 and 45 DAS and soil application (S) viz., control (S1) and jeevamrut (S2)500 l ha-1. Growth parameter viz., plant height, number of branches plant-1 and root nodules plant-1 shows significant effect by the treatments. Yield parameter viz., number of pods plant-1, number of seeds per pod-1, test weight, seed yield and straw yield of soybean were significantly increased by the treatments of different organics.

Effect of Zn and B on Lentil (Lens culinaris) Growth Characteristics, Yield, and Available Nutrients in the Soil

To assess the effects of Zn and B treatment, a field experiment was carried out during the rabi seasion 2020–21 at the Crop Research Center of the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.). Ten treatments, each with a different combination of control, RDF, Zn, and B, were examined using a randomised block design with three replications. The experimental results revealed that growth attributing traits viz. Plant population (ha-1), Plant height (cm), Number of branches plant-1, Dry matter accumulation (g m-2), Effective nodules (No. plant-1), Nodules dry weight (mg plant-1), yield viz. grain yield, straw yield, biological yield and harvest index and Available nutrient in soil N, P, K, Zn, S and B in lentil differed significantly among different treatments. Growth parameters and yield were significantly better in the treatment T10 (RDF + Boron 2 kg ha-1 + Zinc 5 kg ha-1). The highest grain yield was recorded in T10 RDF + Boron 2 kg ha-1 + Zinc 5 kg ha-1 was applied with Zn and B and was statistically at par with T8. From the study it may be concluded that the application of RDF + Boron 2 kg ha-1 + Zinc 5 kg ha-1 with Zn and B (T10) gave best results (Grain yield increased by 26.7%, 25.7%, 21%, 22.9%, 17.2% and 59.1% over T1, T3, T4, T5, T6 and T1, respectively) and proved to be beneficial for rabi lentil followed by RDF + Boron 2 kg ha-1 + Zinc 5 kg ha-1 (T9) also gave better results. Zn and B, together with N, P, K, and S, were used in lentils in a balanced manner to preserve soil fertility while also improving growth characteristics and yield.

​Effect of Liquid Rhizobium with Organic Bio-stimulants on Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield of Leguminous Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper

Background: Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] is one of the most important cultivated legume crops with high nutritive value and agricultural importance. The productivity of blackgram is not adequate to meet the domestic demand of the growing Indian population. Consequently, there is an urgent need for enhancement of productivity through proper agronomic practices. With this background, a research was conducted to investigate the effect of liquid rhizobium with organic bio-stimulants on growth, yield attributes, yield and economics of irrigated blackgram. Methods: A field experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications during 2021 (Kharif and Rabi) season. The treatments include 100% RDF foliar application of Dasagavya, liquid rhizobium, fish amino acid, panchagavya, pink pigmented facultative methylotrophs (PPFM) and sea weed extract with different concentration (1% and 3%, respectively) in addition to control. Result: The experiment results revealed that the application of 100% RDF + liquid rhizobium @ 1% recorded higher growth characters viz., plant height (cm), number of branches plant-1, dry matter production (kg ha-1), leaf area index, yield attributes, grain and haulm yield (kg ha-1). Correlation and regression analysis also indicated that the yield attributes had a positive impact on the grain yield.

Effect of Depth of Sowing and Mulching on Rainfed Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) in Red and Lateritic Belt of West Bengal

Background: Availability of soil moisture is a serious bottleneck for successful growing of post monsoon crops in red and lateritic soil. Hence, soil moisture conservation is crucial for post monsoon crops. In this aspect using mulches for conservation of moisture and optimum depth of sowing for proper germination and seedling emergence are important crop management practices in red and lateritic soil. Methods: The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three depths of sowing as main-plot treatments and four mulching practices as subplot treatments replicated thrice. Measured growth parameters were plant height (cm), number of branches plant-1, dry matter accumulation (g m-2) and leaf area index (LAI); yield attributes such as effective branches m-2, number of mature pods branch-1, number of seeds pod-1 and seed index; grain and stalk yield. Economics of cultivation was assessed in terms of cost of cultivation, gross and net return and net return per invested. Result: Chickpea sown planted at 7.5 cm depth of sowing recorded maximum yield, consumptive water use efficiency and profitability. Application of 7.5 t ha-1 straw mulch registered significantly higher yield of chickpea, consumptive water use efficiency and profitability.

Seed yield variables of five wild Poaceae species in La Siberia, Chapingo, México

The objective of the study was to evaluate the seed yield variables in situ in Bouteloua gracilis, Bouteloua hirsuta, Bouteloua curtipendula, Mulhenbergia rigida and Schizachyrium scoparium in La Siberia, Chapingo, Mexico. The study was carried out on wild plants in which the following were recorded: total stems plant-1, number of branches plant-1, number and quantity of seed-1, stem-1 and plant- 1 to later evaluate the percentage of filling and viability. The data were analyzed with GLM of SAS in Completely Random Blocks design and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). There was no grass species that exceeded 25 flower stems per plant (P<0.001). B. gracilis showed a lower number of inflorescences per plant compared to B. hirsuta (P<0.001), however, with a higher number of branches (P <0.001). Seed production per plant (mg) was higher in M. rigida (P <0.001; 12902), followed by B. curtipendula (2246) and S. scoparium (1465). In physical quality of B. curtipendula seed, it presented a higher percentage of filling (P<0.001; 17%) and S. scoparium greater viability (P<0.001; 78%) and weight of 1000 seeds (P<0.001; 1.52 mg). In La Siberia, B. curtipendula and S. scoparium were identified as potential grasses to collect seed and then be used for reclamation or rehabilitation.

Evaluate the Effect of Zinc and Iron on Growth, Yield and Quality of Chickpea

The research was lead at the Soil Science Research Farm, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, U.P. during the Rabi season in 2020-21 and 2021-22. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with sixteen treatments and three replications with four levels of zinc and iron respectively with NPK as an RDF. All plant parameters i. e. plant height, number of branches plant-1, number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1, test weight, protein, grain yield and stover yield were found to be significant at C.D @ 5% and best in treatment T16 (RDF @ 100% + Zinc @ 20 kg ha-1 + Iron @ 7.5 kg ha-1) as compare with in treatment T1 [Absolute control (RDF @ 0% + Zinc @ 0 kg ha-1 + Iron @ 0 kg ha-1)].

Effect of Soil Application and Foliar Spray of Sulphur Nutrition on Growth and Yield of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)

Aim: To study the effect of soil application and foliar spray of sulphur nutrient application in growth and development of black gram cultivation.
 Study Design: The Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) was used. The treatments of soil application of sulphur viz., No basal, Gypsum @ 25 kg ha-1, SOB @ 2 kg ha-1 as basal and foliar spray viz., No spray, pulse wonder @ 5 kg ha-1on 30 DAS, K2SO4 @ 1% on 45 DAS, pulse wonder @ 5 kg ha-1 on 30 DAS + K2SO4 @ 1% on 45 DAS were used.
 Place and Duration of Study: This research trail was conducted during the Winter season (February – May) of 2022 at ICAR - Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sirugamani, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India.
 Methodology: The study consisted of 12 combination of treatments in FRBD which was replicated thrice. The black gram (Var. Vamban 8) was used for this study. The observations were recorded during the different phases of growth at regular intervals.
 Results: The experimental results revealed that the interaction effect of application of gypsum as basal along with foliar spray of pulse wonder + K2SO4 found to be superior and recorded significantly higher growth, yield and quality parameters viz., plant height, number of branches plant-1, dry matter accumulation, SPAD value at 20 DAS, 40 DAS and 60 DAS number of pods plant-1, number of seed pod-1, pod length, pod weight and sulphur content in seed. Gypsum as basal application along with foliar spray of pulse wonder + K2SO4 proved to be the best and increased the grain yield of 30% over the no basal application and no foliar spray. Thus application of gypsum @ 25 kg ha-1 as basal and foliar spray of pulse wonder @ 5 kg ha-1 on 30 DAS + K2SO4 @ 1% on 45 DAS could be recommended for improving the productivity of black gram.

Influence of organic nutrient sources on growth and yield of green chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)

To validate the effect of organic manures on growth and yield of green chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) a field experiment was conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during December 2021- June 2022. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with thirteen treatments and replicated thrice. The treatments include basal application of organic inputs viz. FYM (25 t ha-1), Vermicompost (5 t ha-1), Ganajeevamrutha (200 kg ha‑1), Humic acid (25 kg ha-1), Ganajeevamrutha (200 kg ha‑1) + Jeevamrutha (500 l ha-1) along with standard check (recommended dose of NPK fertilizers with micronutrient spray). Foliar spray of Panchagavya (3%) and banana pseudostem sap (2%) at 45, 60 and 75 days after transplanting was done in all the treatments as separate sets. Growth and yield parameters were observed in randomly selected 5 plants from each treatment plot. Application of recommended dose of NPK fertilizers + Panchagavya @ 3% foliar spary (T11) recorded highest plant height (34.33 cm, 55.33 cm, 61.00 cm), number of branches plant-1 (6.53, 9.50, 11.00) on 30, 60, 90 DAT respectively. Number of flowers plant-1 (59.33, 80.00, 76.33) on 60, 75 and 90 DAT. Fruit length (8.41cm), fruit weight (3.82 g), number of fruit plant-1 (158.8) and yield plant‑1 (511.3 g) than all other approaches. Followed by organic treatment viz. application of FYM @ 25 t ha-1 + Panchagavya @ 3% FS (T1) recorded highest plant height (27.67 cm, 46.67 cm, 51.50 cm), number of branches plant-1 (5.53, 7.10, 8.97) on 30, 60, 90 DAT respectively. Number of flowers plant-1 (49.00, 71.27, 65.60) on 60, 75 and 90 DAT. Fruit length (7.66 cm), fruit weight (3.50 g), number of fruit plant-1 (133.0) and yield plant‑1(419.9 g plant-1) than control (T13). Hence these organic strategies can be adopted in organic chilli cultivation.

A Study on Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) for Yield and Yield Contributing Traits

Correlation and path analysis was studied for 43 lines and F1s of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) for seventeen qualitative and quantitative characters. The studies revealed that total fruit yield plant-1 which is the most important trait had highly significant and positive association with fruit weight, number of fruits plant-1, fruit length, fruit diameter and number of pickings plant-1 at both phenotypic and genotypic level. A significant but negative correlation of fruit yield was recorded with days to first flowering, days to first fruit set and days to first fruit picking. Path coefficient analysis revealed that the highest magnitude of positive direct effect on yield was exerted by number of fruits plant-1 (1.865) followed by fruit weight (0.848), fruit length (0.259), plant spread (0.188), plant height (0.142), number of pickings (0.109) whereas, lowest positive direct effect on fruit yield was observed for fruit diameter (0.088). For negative direct effects, days to first flowering (-0.868) showed highest negative direct effect on total fruit yield plant-1 followed by number of branches plant-1 (-0.099), days to first fruit picking (-0.078), and days to first fruit set (-0.044). Therefore, during selection, these characters should also be taken into consideration. Direct selection may be carried out. Considering these traits as the main selection criteria, direct selection can be done. This will also cut down the indirect effect of other characters for developing high yielding brinjal varieties.