Nuclear Weapons Production Research Articles

Evolution of Legislation Regarding the Use of Nuclear Energy for Peaceful Purposes

The development and use of atomic energy represent one of the greatest achievements of the 20th century, opening new possibilities for global evolution. The United Nations (UN) has formulated the «Millennium Development Goals» and the «Sustainable Development Goals by 2030» to address comprehensive solutions to the social, economic, and environmental challenges facing the planet. In this context, nuclear energy offers unparalleled advantages, but it is essential to consider the risks and challenges associated with its future use and development. Nuclear law serves as a valuable tool for regulating the development of nuclear energy and overcoming these risks and challenges. All countries must strictly fulfill their international obligations, responsibly implement international legal instructions at the national level, and collectively support the international regime and legal framework organized around the United Nations. This, in turn, contributes to the achievement of the shared goal of «atoms for peace and development».
 The international legal framework on nuclear issues emerged alongside the development of nuclear energy worldwide. It evolves as social, economic, scientific, and technical challenges associated with this development are addressed, thereby contributing to the safe, secure, and sustainable development of peaceful nuclear energy use.
 The IAEA and the international community have established an almost universal regime of safeguards aimed at detecting and preventing the diversion of nuclear materials from peaceful nuclear activities to the production of nuclear weapons.
 Based on the results of the conducted research, it has been established that each country not only has the right to use nuclear energy for peaceful purposes but also bears the responsibility and obligation to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons and to support nuclear safety and security. All countries should conscientiously fulfill their obligations in accordance with the international legal framework on nuclear safety, fully implement relevant resolutions of the United Nations Security Council, strengthen and expand the existing international legal framework on nuclear safety, and provide institutional guarantees, adhering to universally defined guiding principles for managing international nuclear safety.

Identification of oxygen sites in β-ketoenamine-linked covalent organic frameworks for highly efficient uranium adsorption through experimental and theoretical studies

Anthropogenic activities involving unintended uranium leakage from nuclear accidents, large-scale uranium mining, or nuclear weapon production have caused health and environmental concerns.

International Legal Foundations Of Compliance With Nuclear Non-Proliferation Guarantees

One of the results of the development of international relations in the second half of the current century was the transformation of nuclear weapons directly into a factor of world politics, which hangs over the entire global security system even in the conditions of the “post-confrontational era”. This is not the inertia of the philosophy of containment, as the world in the 1980s and 1990s proved its flexibility and even readiness for transformations by the ever-increasing susceptibility of international relations to scientific and technical influence. The rapid development of atomic energy, despite a number of man-made disasters (from Trimayland to Chernobyl), continues, and the diversity of research in this field is combined with the number of countries interested in the scientific development of this field. Therefore, guarantees of the exclusively peaceful orientation of the energy programs of non-nuclear states, a legally established and effective ban on the production of nuclear weapons best correspond to modern concepts of maintaining stability in certain regions and the world as a whole. However, the regime of non-proliferation of nuclear weapons, although it limited the hyperbolization of the nuclear factor in a certain historical segment, could not fully fulfill its second task of ranking states into only two groups - nuclear and non-nuclear. Outside of this dual, simplified scheme of political regulation of conflicting interests, a risk group has emerged, consisting of countries with a vague status of “near-threshold”. This happened not only because the nuclear states created a cult of nuclear weapons, but also because the logic of scientific and technological progress led to this, which was distorted in the prism of rivalry between states, especially at the regional level. First of all, the process of industrial-type countries approaching the nuclear threshold, which the block of post-industrial societies is trying to isolate from them, is absolutely inevitable from the point of view of science and technology. This does not mean equalizing the levels of development, which would create a favorable foundation, and then objective prerequisites for solving a whole series of contradictions in the system of international relations and, perhaps, removing the nuclear problem itself from the agenda. On the contrary, the configuration of inequality remained the same and only moved, pulling the locomotive of technical progress along the rails of global economic relations, to the zone of nuclear coordinates. Key words: IAEA, Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, nuclear weapons, nuclear materials, General Assembly of the United Nations.

EFEK ILMU BEBAS NILAI DAN RELEVANSINYA TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN SENJATA NUKLIR DI DUNIA

This study examines the impact of value-free science on the development of nuclear weapons by several developed countries. The aim is to understand the reasons and motives behind these countries' pursuit of nuclear weapons. The production of nuclear weapons by these countries has reached a significant level, indicating underlying factors that drive their competition. The methodology employed in this study is a literature review. By examining the effects of value-free science, particularly in relation to the development of nuclear weapons, information was gathered from various sources. The study reveals that the production and proliferation of nuclear weapons by several developed countries for military purposes can be attributed to the influence of value-free science. In this context, value-free science implies that these countries have prioritized their own interests over social welfare.

Armor Piercing Projectiles Based on Depleted Uranium and the Consequences of Their Use for the Environment and People

The intention of the collective West to supply the armed forces of Ukraine with armor-piercing shells with cores (penetrators) made of depleted uranium (DU), is changing the situation in the zone of special military operation (SVO). A new damaging factor is introduced into combat operations – uranium-238 (238U), one of the longest-lived natural radioactive isotopes of uranium. The purpose of the review is to identify the signs and consequences of the use of armor-piercing projectiles based on depleted uranium. Materials and research methods. The sources available through the PubMed, Google Scholar and Russian Electronic Library databases were analyzed. Research results. NATO uses DU in 20-, 25-, 30-, 105-, 120- and 140-mm caliber projectiles. The cores are made from recycled DU, which is a waste from the production of nuclear weapons. Due to man-made isotopes, it is more radioactive than DU from natural uranium. When such a projectile hits an armored object, a large amount of respirable radioactive and toxic dust of black uranium oxides, small fragments and fragments of the penetrator, remaining in the armored vehicles and around it, is formed. One 120 mm projectile produces approximately 950 g of black dust. Almost 99 % of the internal dose received by the military will come from alpha particles, the most dangerous to health. Projectiles that miss their targets sink deep into the soil, their penetrators corrode for decades, releasing soluble uranium compounds into underground water sources. In areas where DU shells were used, mass diseases of «unexplained etiology» are observed among military personnel and civilians, reducing their life expectancy and fertility. Discussion of results and conclusions. The first signs of the use of shells with DU, which can be installed on the battlefield: round holes in the armor of tanks and the presence of solid black dust around them and in the tank itself. In case of fires in the warehouses of such shells, due to other oxidation conditions, crumbling yellow dust is formed. When examining it, it is necessary to pay attention to the presence of elevated concentrations of 236U. The fact that a soldier was hit by DU can be confirmed by the presence of uranium in his urine. The use of DU shells on the territory of the Russian Federation, in terms of its consequences for people and nature, is the use of radiological weapons, a disguised form of nuclear warfare. And it must be treated accordingly.

Nuclear Weapons Production Complexes in a Disarmed World

ABSTRACTAny effective nuclear disarmament regime will need to consider how to deal with the infrastructure that supported the development and maintenance of nuclear weapons. Such infrastructure carries within it the seeds for re-armament. This paper presents a framework of potential actions to be applied to facilities within nuclear weapons production complexes in a disarming and a disarmed world. This framework has two axes. The first identifies key capabilities and facilities that are integral to the production of both simple fission weapons and more advanced boosted and thermonuclear weapons. The second axis explores the range of actions that can be taken to constrain nuclear weapons production infrastructure which would either directly or indirectly influence the capacity for future reacquisition of nuclear weapons. In exploring these themes, the paper asks what are the crucial nuclear facilities or processes that are likely to be key in enabling potential re-armament? And what types of actions can be considered to constrain the re-armament potential of these facilities? Considering how to enhance the degree of disarmament irreversibility will entail posing and answering difficult questions on the fate of nuclear weapons complexes, and not just nuclear weapons.

The role of intelligence in the creation of the first samples of Soviet nuclear weapons

The successful completion of the Soviet nuclear project was due to the combination of internal and external factors. Of course, the privileges and guarantees provided by the government for the scientific research and production of nuclear weapons, as well as the arduous efforts made by scientists to overcome various difficulties, have played an important role. But equally important is the use of foreign experience, mainly known through intelligence. Intelligence activities helped the Soviet Union absorb and utilize foreign experience. Neither the emphasis on the decisive role of intelligence, nor the denial of its importance contributes to a systematic and scientific understanding of its purpose and role. The Soviet Union was able to complete all nuclear research independently, but this would require more resources and time.

INTERNATIONAL POLICY OF CONTRACTUAL REGULATION OF THE PREVENTION OF THE USE OF NUCLEAR ROCKET WEAPONS

The article examines the political prerequisites, the history of the formation and features of the implementation of agreements on the production, use, and non-proliferation of nuclear missile weapons and their significance for international security policy. The main areas of research were: 1) the study of the main directions of the international policy of contractual regulation of preventing the use of nuclear missile weapons; 2) a discussion of scientists on the vectors of development of contractual and legal regulation of the studied social relations among domestic and foreign scientists.
 In the course of the study, methods in political science and legal sciences were used, in particular, the formal-dogmatic method provided an opportunity to analyze this problem from the point of view of the existing provisions of international treaties and the obligations of the participating countries to prevent the proliferation and especially the use of nuclear missile weapons, system-structural. the method provided an opportunity to analyze the role and importance of the United Nations in the formation of an international contractual framework in the process of implementing international security policy in the field of nuclear missile weapons.
 The use of these and other methods made it possible to distinguish two main directions of the international policy of treaty regulation of preventing the use of nuclear missile weapons: regulation of the production and use of nuclear weapons, as well as regulation of public relations to counter nuclear terrorism. The central place in the study of these areas is given to the analysis of the Treaty on the Non- Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons dated July 1, 1968. The article formulates the main problematic points of the provisions of this Treaty and substantiates the directions for the development of the contractual framework in the process of implementing international security policy aimed at preventing the use and proliferation of nuclear missiles. weapons

Environmental remediation as social archaeology: Excavating sites contaminated by early nuclear weapons activities in New York City, both literally and hermeneutically

AbstractNew York City, where the Manhattan Project began, has some of the world's oldest nuclear weapons production sites, exposing New Yorkers to ongoing risks of ionising radiation. This article considers six sites of particular environmental concern. Assessment, monitoring and clean‐up of these locations have taken place over three different periods: private remediation before 1992; federal government remediation in the early 1990s followed by two decades of neglect; and a long‐standing campaign to deal with risks at two remaining sites. Addressing radioactive legacies has involved a feedback loop between literal excavation of contaminated locations and a more hermeneutical process of meaning‐making. Journalists, activists and politicians have transformed some places into sites of memory, cultivating connections to concerns about environmental justice, radiation protection and nuclear disarmament. The 2017 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) established new obligations to remediate environments contaminated by nuclear weapons activities. While the USA refuses to join the TPNW, in‐depth, historical study of remediation at these sites can provide useful insight for states parties establishing policy to implement TPNW obligations. Recent passage of nuclear disarmament legislation by the NY City Council shows the ongoing policy relevance of nuclear weapons issues in local policymaking.

Evolution of Nuclear Environments: From Forbidden Gardens to Nuclear Landscape Monuments

The dawn of Anthropocene saw the birth of nuclear landscapes (NL): places heavily contaminated by radioactivity, left behind by human interventions. From nuclear weapon production to detonation sites and atomic power plants, unfortunate events had resulted in environmental catastrophes, turning these NLs into forbidden gardens - off-limits frontiers of waste. Human absence promoted NL to metamorphose into post-nuclear landscapes, characterized by a primal image of nature: pristine and spontaneous. It is an unreleased kind of wilderness, a living archive of human ecocides. Later, governmental interventions gradually transformed these sites into Nuclear Landscape Monuments (NLM), making them embodiments of degradation and redemption. The essay investigates the evolution of these nuclear environments and their wild ambivalent nature. It further elucidates the shift in humans’ attitudes towards nature, through an atomic narrative: from production and destruction to recovery and reconciliation. The essay also highlights the role of anthropogenic and natural agencies in establishing this intricate co-existing relationship between humans and non-humans.

Flex Sensors Controlled Animatronics Hand

This paper focuses on understanding the simple and unique technique that is used for human robot interaction in robotic hand gesture replication system. The aims to fabricate a dual module system which synchronizes the real hand gesture with mechanical movement of the designed hand module at the output end in real time. The first part input module (IM) is user-controlled module which detects the real hand movement and convert it into signals and the signals are transmitted wirelessly to a receiver module comprising of a mechanical animatronics hand that will process the incoming signals and performs the mechanical movement in coherence with the received signal. Arduino boards integrated with their own microcontrollers and Xbee antennas are used to control both the input and output modules for the completion of the perform gesture. The input module comprises of a glove integrated with flex sensors and the Arduino board. 3D structure which is modeled as the real hand with the servo motors installed on it is used as an output module for the replication of the generated gesture from input module. This paper describes that advantages of Flex Sensors Controlled Animatronics Hand are in the environment which obstructs the physical approach of the humans and is not feasible for the human body. Nuclear power plants or nuclear weapon production areas, sophisticated chemical or pharmaceutical factories, bomb disposal department and Firefighting agencies etc. In all of these scenarios, Personal control is essential yet environment restricts the physical presence of human, therefore, this technique can be used as an alternative to automation so that an individual can operate under such conditions without physically being present at the location, preventing any unforeseen accidents and human casualties.

Identifying challenge sludges to process at the Hanford site

The nuclear waste at the Hanford site represents one of the single largest environmental cleanup efforts currently underway. Decades of nuclear weapons production have produced a highly radioactive sludge waste. Effective disposition of this waste will require processing the sludge to reduce the overall volume of the final waste form. Because of the expense and difficulty in obtaining samples from these tanks, a method was developed to assess the relative difficulty associated with treating waste through either crossflow filtration or settling. By assessing the relationship between centrifuged solids loading and sample chemistry, it was possible to identify which tanks would pose the greatest challenge for these processing methods. Tanks with >200,000 microg/g of Al or >49,000 microg/g of P were identified as at risk for poor separation performance and represent nearly 50% of the high-volume sludge tanks. As such, altering the process approach or blending the difficult-to-process feeds with a less challenging feed are recommended for the processing of these wastes.

Radon Exposure to Community Members Living Near a Uranium Procession Plant

Background: Members of the Fernald Community Cohort (FCC, N=9782) are persons who lived within 5 miles of the uranium processing plant at Fernald, Ohio, USA. From 1951 to 1989 the site processed uranium ore and recycled materials to make highly refined uranium metal products used in the United States Department of Energy nuclear weapons production. The aqueous raffinate or waste from the chemical digestion process was pumped into two large concrete silos for storage and were found to be sources of radon decay products. Vents in the protective dome covers were not sealed until 1979. Source terms and dosimetry algorithms for exposure to both uranium particulates and radon were developed by CDC. Methods: Based on the CDC prior work, we developed a mathematical model to estimate yearly outdoor radon exposure persons in the cohort from the K-65 silos during 1952-1988. We collected and verified residential history information from members of the cohort. We used the radon source terms developed by CDC, yearly wind speed and direction data, and applied the model to the residential history for each member of the cohort. Results: 9306 members of the cohort had sufficient residential history information to be used for radon dosimetry calculations for individual cohort members. The population mean value (sd) of total cumulative exposure (over the years 1952-1988) was 460.70 (508.84) pCi/m2-years, median 299.60 pCi/m2-years, with a large range of 0-4625.75 pCi/m2-years. Arithmetic median exposure also was calculated for each person, or the median of yearly exposure, with a population mean of 20.43 pCi/m2, also with a large range 0 to 200.57 pCi/m2. Conclusions: Using reliable data and well-developed algorithms we estimated environmental (outdoor) radon exposure for members of the FCC and found a wide range of cumulative outdoor radon exposure. Key Words: uranium, radon, community cohort

The dynamic nature of risk in DOE facilities in the surveillance and maintenance program-with observations for risk communications.

We explore three case studies of facilities at two US Department of Energy (DOE) former nuclear weapons research and production sites-the Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the Hanford site-whose risk profiles have changed during their long-term management under the DOE's surveillance and maintenance (S&M) program. These case studies provide examples of the challenges faced in communicating to external stakeholders, such as federal and state regulators, local communities surrounding the site, as well as the general public, the circumstances surrounding unexpected events or the emergence/discovery of new risk-important information at historically high-risk sites. We identify common topics of importance from these case studies and suggest a taxonomy for risk communicators to use in informing the dialogues with individuals and organizations that may not be technically oriented or fully informed on the subject matter. The taxonomy is based on technical insights from the quintessential definition of risk known as the Kaplan-Garrick "risk triplet" as well as insights from regulatory guidance documents on risk communication with external stakeholders originally developed for the commercial nuclear power industry.

Boiling sand, metallic fire

ABSTRACTIn April 2018 four drums of depleted uranium sludge burst open at a US Department of Energy facility at Idaho National Laboratory. This echoed a previous incident in 2014, when a drum erupted with fire and spewed radionuclides at a nuclear waste repository in New Mexico. Such “drum breach” accidents have been characterized in official reports as “isolated events,” and as “self‐initiated” and “spontaneous.” Yet these descriptions misrepresent a temporal tension at the heart of their causation: during the Cold War, nuclear weapons production created latent socioecological hazards that, decades later, too often manifest during waste cleanup. This tends to result from 21st‐century scheduling pressures, fraught labor relationships, and neoliberal subcontracting arrangements. Thus, if we examine the temporal form taken by US nuclear technopolitics, we can recast drum breach accidents not as stand‐alone events, but as outcomes of systemic incentives to speed up waste‐cleanup projects beyond their organizational capacity without commensurately expanding their safety or oversight mechanisms. [nuclear waste, technopolitics, accidents, neoliberalism, temporality, security, Idaho, United States]

The Importance of Preserving Birds and Their Habitats at Hanford Site and Oak Ridge Reservation: Information and Communication Tools for Governments, Local and Diverse Communities and Others

The Department of Energy (DOE) has one of the largest environmental remediation tasks in the world, cleaning up the radiologic and toxic contamination legacy of nuclear weapons production. DOE has committed itself to accomplish remediation “while protecting human health and the environment”. Many DOE sites are huge, encompassing habitats that are ecologically valuable because they have been protected from human disturbance for 70 years or more. Yet information on the importance of DOE lands for protecting specific ecological resources is often buried in volumes of data. In this paper, we examine the importance of DOE lands as habitats for birds using two sites as examples: the Hanford Site and Oak Ridge Reservation. Our overall goal was to provide a model for communication of key information useful for the public and decision-makers. Birds are conspicuous and familiar features of the landscape, and bird populations are important indicators of habitat quality. As future land use plans evolve, birds can convey important messages about habitat uniqueness and conservation importance and recreational values of designating DOE land for conservation, but only if they are in accessible formats. At the semi-arid Hanford site, shrub-steppe is an important habitat outside the Columbia River corridor. At the wet Oak Ridge Reservation eastern deciduous forest, interior forest is a particularly important habitat. There are different groups of bird species dependent on each habitat. We use two methods for each habitat: 1) a comparison of historical written records and 2) a comparison of land use/land cover data. Habitat loss through development, fragmentation, and degradation is one of the most important causes of avian decline. Importantly, we present the data in a manner suitable for discussion among diverse audiences regarding future use of sites now undergoing remediation. The Hanford Site has recorded 205 bird species, including shrub-steppe species of regional importance. The Oak Ridge Reservation has recorded 213 species of birds, including Neotropical migrants of international concern. In both cases, their respective habitat is key to protection of the unique avian assemblages, and there is a higher percentage of these habitats on the DOE lands than in the surrounding habitats. Our analysis also concludes that these habitats that are of high importance to the rare and declining avian assemblages are mostly increasing on the DOE sites as the once agrarian landscape has reverted to more natural habitat. Since acquisition, DOE has developed about 10% of the land for nuclear and industrial activities, leaving the rest of it as a security buffer for the nuclear production mission. The tables provided in this manuscript can serve as valuable tools in communicating the importance of these lands and protecting these lands for surrounding communities. We commend the DOE for its protection of ecological resources for the regions and the Nation, applaud their mechanisms for ecological protection, and recommend that more of each site’s respective unique and important habitats be designated as preserved in perpetuity as valued ecological resources. This designation entails communicating with Tribes, communities, government agencies and organizations, and the public about the ecological value of their protected lands.

Quantification of Raman-Interfering Polyoxoanions for Process Analysis: Comparison of Different Chemometric Models and a Demonstration on Real Hanford Waste.

The Hanford site represents a complicated environmental remediation challenge, remaining from the production of nuclear weapons. Over 100 million gallons of liquid radioactive waste of unknown composition will be chemically processed and vitrified, but the varying chemical composition and highly radioactive nature of the waste preclude the implementation of more developed, offline technologies to determine the composition. The only practical approach to waste treatment will require the significant utilization of real-time, chemometric modeling approaches. Although chemometric approaches have been applied to the analysis of Hanford waste, the models developed were highly tank-specialized, and limited discussion was provided on how models fared with interfering signals. As the tank waste is largely composed of oxoanions, which tend to have interfering Raman spectra, the general question was posed as to what chemometric approach is best suited to accurately quantify analytes in the presence of interfering signals. This was carried out by examining the ability of classical least square (CLS), principal component regression (PCR), partial least square (PLS), and locally weighted regression (LWR) to quantify NO3- and CO32- using their bands around 1050 cm-1. For all samples, the PLS-based model was found to be the most efficient approach from a model building and application perspective.

Radioecological consequences of radioactive releases due to weapons-grade plutonium production at the ‘Mayak’ facility in the Russian Federation

The process of nuclear weapons production from 1949 to 1987 was accompanied by the generation of a great amount of radioactive waste. Waste processing operations and controls on discharges at this time were not to the same standard as today. Because of this, vast areas of the Urals region of Russia surrounding the Mayak Production Association (MPA) were exposed to routine and accidental radioactive contamination. The greatest contribution to the contamination was gas aerosol emissions from the MPA in the 1950s (total activity 38 PBq, mainly 131I), releases of liquid radioactive waste into the Techa River from 1949 to 1956 (total activity 115 PBq, including long-lived 90Sr and 137Cs) and accidental atmospheric releases as a result of the thermochemical explosion of the storage tank for liquid radioactive waste in 1957 (74 PBq, relatively short-lived radionuclides being the main contributors). Protective measures helped to relieve the pressing problem of population safety in the 1950s and 1960s, but they led to the appearance of new sources of contamination in the territory surrounding the MPA—Lake Karachay (total activity of beta-emitters 4400 PBq) and the Techa Cascade of Reservoirs (TCR; total activity 8 PBq). Owing to natural radioactive decay and rehabilitation measures, the radiation situation in the East Urals Radioactive Trace (EURT) has improved considerably over the years. Economic activity has been partially restored in these territories. Only the most contaminated territory of the East Urals Radioactive Reserve cannot be used for any economic activities up to the present day. Marked non-uniformity of radioactive contamination of the EURT and the Techa River floodplain, as well as radionuclide washout from Lake Karachay and the TCR into the underground waters and the Techa River require on-going radioecological monitoring, management and regulatory supervision.

THE JURISPRUDENTIAL AND MORAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE AYATOLLAH KHAMENEI’S FATWA ON BAN OF NUCLEAR WEAPON

Today nuclear weapons are a great global threat to human life and security. Meanwhile, Islamic Republic of Iran has strongly voiced its opposition to nuclear weapons based on the religious and rational measures and teachings. Ayatollah Sayed Ali Khamenei, the Supreme Leader of IRI, has also declared prohibited the production and use of nuclear weapons by issuing a Sharia based fatwa. The objective of the present essay is not only the explanation of this fatwa rather the identification of jurisprudential-moral foundations of it. The method used in this essay is documented-analytic. Among the results of this research, one can refer to the fact that Ayatollah Khamenei’s fatwa is a religious fatwa not a merely governmental law and since fatwa is based on the eternal religious sources, it is considered to be strategic, eternal and universal not merely tactical, expediential and temporary. Moreover, rational and Sharia (moral and jurisprudential) documents and reasons in which the present fatwa has its own origin in addition to the subject of “use” includes the prohibition of “production”, possession” and “proliferation” too.

Structural properties and adsorption of uranyl ions on the nanocomposite hydroxyapatite/white clay

Uranium is more and more extensively applied as a source of energy and can be potentially used for nuclear weapon production. Owing to that fact, the problem of uranium expansion in the environment is the object of research and draw attention many scientists. One of the most effective methods of uranium removal from the wastewater (where uranium is present in a low concentration and occurs mainly in the form of uranyl ion, UO22+) is the adsorbent usage. It is important to discover an adsorbent which will be effective, widely available and cheap. The paper discusses properties and the ability of U (VI) adsorption on a clay and nanocomposite clay/Hap (hydroxyapatite) obtained by wet method. The adsorbents were characterized by the mentioned below tests: XRD, XRF, the porosity (nitrogen adsorption–desorption method), zeta potential, surface charge density and sorption of U (VI). It was shown that nanocrystalline composites Hap/white clay can be appropriate adsorbent for removal of uranyl ions. The adsorption depends on the temperature and pH of the solution.