The role of intelligence in the creation of the first samples of Soviet nuclear weapons

Abstract

The successful completion of the Soviet nuclear project was due to the combination of internal and external factors. Of course, the privileges and guarantees provided by the government for the scientific research and production of nuclear weapons, as well as the arduous efforts made by scientists to overcome various difficulties, have played an important role. But equally important is the use of foreign experience, mainly known through intelligence. Intelligence activities helped the Soviet Union absorb and utilize foreign experience. Neither the emphasis on the decisive role of intelligence, nor the denial of its importance contributes to a systematic and scientific understanding of its purpose and role. The Soviet Union was able to complete all nuclear research independently, but this would require more resources and time.