Nuclear Physics Techniques Research Articles

A review of ion implantation applications to engineering materials

Ion implantation evolved from nuclear physics techniques in the 1960's and has been shown by laboratory research to be a powerful means of modifying surface properties of materials. Applications to non-semiconductor materials have been slow to develop commercially because of the nature of the market, but many oppurtunites exist for cost reduction and product improvement by enhancing wear and corrosion resistance. The most highly developed aspect of the technology is nitrogen implantation, which is already commercialised on a small but expanding scale. Other promising related techniques involving implantation of metallic ions and the combination of coating and ion implantation procedures are mainly in the research phase, but also show much potential for industrial applications.

ChemInform Abstract: MUONIUM. A LIGHT ISOTOPE OF HYDROGEN

AbstractReview: Diskussion der kinetischen Isotopieeffekte, der Grundprinzipien der p‐Mesonen‐Spinrotationsmethode (u‐SR), einiger der zugrunde liegenden Elementarteilchenphänomene, der verschiedenen Typen von H‐ Atom‐Reaktionen und einiger zukünftiger Tendenzen der Myoniumchemie.

Laser techniques in nuclear physics

The hyperfine structure and isotope shift of atomic spectra have been in the past the main source of information on spins,moments and changes in charge radii of nuclear ground states. With the powerful tool of tunable dye lasers a variety of new spectroscopic methods have been developped in recent years leading to a general breakthrough in resolution and sensitivity of optical spectroscopy. Some of them have been especially designed to fit the demands of an on-line spectroscopy of radioactive nuclides which are produced in minute samples only. This paper will describe the principles, applications and results of these experiments.

Elements of Nuclear Physics

W E Burcham 1979 Harlow, Essex: Longman xii + 409 pp price £7.95 (paperback) This new text is not simply an abridged version of the author's earlier Nuclear Physics: An Introduction, but is an extensively revised and reorganised attempt to bring before second and third year undergraduates the major achievements and theories of nuclear physics. Part I deals with the methods and techniques of nuclear physics with some aspects of radioactivity, Part II surveys nuclear structure and models, and Part III is concerned with nuclear interactions.

Conference on Applications of New Nuclear Physics Techniques in Solving Scientific and Applied Problems, Dubna, November 1973

Conference on Applications of New Nuclear Physics Techniques in Solving Scientific and Applied Problems, Dubna, November 1973

Heavy ion nuclear physics

In 1958, on the occasion of the first conference on reactions between complex nuclei, heavy ion physics was described as a new and rapidly expanding field. The subject in fact evolved rather more slowly than was expected but it has periodically been stimulated by advances in the techniques of experimental nuclear physics.

General Purpose Analog Pulse Height Computer

Experimental techniques in nuclear physics often call for arithmetic operations on pulses whose amplitudes convey the experimental data. An instrument capable of pulse height multiplication, division, exponentiation, as well as pulse height addition and subtraction is described. These operations are performed in about 0.5 μsec with a precision of ±0.1% of full scale over a pulse height range of 20:1. At room temperature the computer exhibits a drift of about 0.05%/C° or ±0.3%/day. With an input rate of 10 000 counts/sec the pulse height distribution shifts 0.2%, and with 25 000 counts/sec it shifts 1%. Multiplication, division, and exponentiation are performed by using logarithms and antilogarithms. The log and antilog function generators are based on the fact that the emitter-base voltage of a silicon planar transistor is proportional to the logarithm of its collector current. Addition and subtraction are performed by using linear operational amplifiers. Results of experiments are shown in which the computer was used for identification of charged particles, pulse shape discrimination, measurement of mass yield distributions in fission, as well as for other on-line data reduction techniques.

Progress in Nuclear Techniques and Instrumentation

This is the first volume of a new annual review which is to be devoted to the experimental techniques of nuclear physics, 'nuclear' including 'particle ' physics both in the book and this review. As the editor says in his preface, it is in the work of the experimental physicist that the whole structure of nuclear physics finds its coherence and meaning.

Erratum: Rubella Complement Fixation Test

Erratum: Rubella Complement Fixation Test

Auroral measurements and upper atmospheric physics

Many of the most spectacular features of the space environment can be described in terms of basic physical processes that Rave been studied theoretically or measured extensively in the laboratory. In most large-scale space phenomena, however, the physics required to describe the observations involves many fields of basic research. One of the principal problems of the space physicist is to reduce the geophysical data to familiar concepts. A major difficulty is that in many large-scale phenomena many events occur simultaneously, so that it is not clear if cause-and-effect relations exist among the observed phenomena. An example of a space physics subject in which many basic physics fields are represented and in which cause and effect are not easily distinguished is the polar aurora. A survey experiment will be discussed in which nearly simultaneous measurements were made of the particle flux and spectrum above the atmosphere, of the luminosity, and of the electron densities in the atmosphere. The experiment consisted of measurements carried out in satellites using the techniques of nuclear physics, of optical spectroscopy, and of radio propagation. From this and similar experiments, it is hoped that the role of energetic charged particles in producing auroras can be understood.

The Royal Society Meeting on Recent European Contributions to the Development of the Physics of Elementary Particles, London, February 1963

A meeting of the Royal Society was held to discuss recent European contributions to the development of the physics of elementary particles. Review papers were presented of elementary particle physics, nuclear physics techniques, particle accelerators and possible future developments in Europe. In particular, details were given of a 300 Gev proton synchrotron costing about £100 million now in the design stage.

Bubble chambers and other visual techniques in nuclear physics

Bubble chambers and other visual techniques in nuclear physics

Student Experiment on the Measurement of Nuclear Excitation Functions

Deuteron bombardment of stacked gold foil permits simultaneous determination of the cross sections for the competing (d,p) and (d,2n) reactions. The student laboratory work begins with the bombarded foils and consists primarily of analyzing the gamma radiation from Au198 and Hg197m by the use of a sodium iodide detector and single-channel analyzer. The experiment affords the student direct contact with nuclear reactions, and its successful completion requires the student to draw upon a variety of fundamental principles and experimental techniques in nuclear physics.

The Location of Sodium by Nuclear Activation in Glass‐Corroded Tank Block Refractories

The location and concentration of sodium in refractory samples tested in molten plate glass was shown by two nuclear physics techniques, activation and isotope tracing. Detection of the radioactive atoms was accomplished by photographic plates (autoradiography). Corrosion by molten glass was carried out either in a small glassmelting tank or in hot glass in a platinum crucible. Clay‐grog and fused‐cast refractories were tested. The results were anomalous, but illuminating.