Abstract
Ion implantation evolved from nuclear physics techniques in the 1960's and has been shown by laboratory research to be a powerful means of modifying surface properties of materials. Applications to non-semiconductor materials have been slow to develop commercially because of the nature of the market, but many oppurtunites exist for cost reduction and product improvement by enhancing wear and corrosion resistance. The most highly developed aspect of the technology is nitrogen implantation, which is already commercialised on a small but expanding scale. Other promising related techniques involving implantation of metallic ions and the combination of coating and ion implantation procedures are mainly in the research phase, but also show much potential for industrial applications.
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