Nuclear DNA Regions Research Articles

The search for hybrids between Myriophyllum sibiricum and M. spicatum (Haloragaceae) in North Eurasia allowed to clarify their morphological differences and distribution

Myriophyllum sibiricum and M. spicatum are sympatric in large part of their vast ranges in Eurasia and North America and have different habitat preferences only in East Europe and Siberia. Such absence of both geographic and ecological isolation should trigger extensive hybridization between these species that is indeed observed in North America. The hybrid could be reliably documented only with genetic markers, and in Eurasia this was done only in China. Using genetic markers (ITS2 region of nuclear ribosomal DNA and trnL-trnF intergenic spacer of cpDNA) we documented hybrids between M. sibiricum and M. spicatum on the North Asian Pacific islands with dynamic geological history and climate (Commander and the southern Kuril islands). The hybrid also originated in East Europe (Ivanovo Region) as a result of ecological isolation break due to rapid artificial habitat change. Using genetically verified material throughout temperate Eurasia we clarified morphological characters discriminating M. sibiricum and M. spicatum and, basing on them, refined the species distribution. For the first time we provide a full morphological characteristic of the hybrid between M. sibiricum and M. spicatum and suggest a name for it, M. × hybridum.

Molecular Marker-Based Identification and Genetic Diversity Evaluation of Fusarium spp. - А Review

The Fusarium genus encompasses filamentous fungi of global significance in agriculture, ecology, and the food industry. Certain members of this genus act as plant pathogens, leading to substantial fungal infections in crucial crops, especially cereals. Many Fusarium species produce mycotoxins that are species or even strain-specific, contaminating the food chain and posing risks to both animal and human health. Identifying Fusarium species remains a formidable challenge due to the dynamic taxonomy within the ge¬nus. Traditional identification relies on biological, phylogenetic, and morphological criteria. However, mod¬ern genomic analysis techniques have revolutionized species identification, including that of Fusarium spp. Established molecular markers like the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA-ITS1), Translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1-α), Intergenic spacer region of rDNA (ISG), and Beta-tubulin (β-tub) facilitate precise genetic identification. The “DNA barcoding” method, recognized in scientific literature, offers a meticulous approach to molecular identification and taxonomic classification of Fusarium species. Integrating traditional identification methods with contemporary DNA analysis tech-niques broadens the possibilities for discerning and establishing phylogenetic relationships among closely related mycotoxigenic species. This integrated approach greatly aids in the development of effective control and management strategies.

Genetic Diversity and Phylogeny of Alocasia longiloba Miq. Indonesia Accessions Based on trnL-F Intergenic Spacer Region

Alocasia longiloba Miq. is a member of the Araceae family, which was complex and has diverse leaf shapes, color, and venation. Studies on the diversity of A. longiloba focused mostly on morphological characteristics, while the genetic diversity of this species has never been published. Alocasia longiloba Miq. belongs to the Araceae family and has a variety of leaf shapes, colors, and venations. This research aims to determine the variation and relationshipgenetic diversity and phylogeny of the Indonesian accession of A. longiloba based on molecular approaches using trnL-F IGS region. A total of 20 accesses of A. longiloba from Indonesia were sequenced and one Alocasia suhirmaniana, along withthen together with 12 11 DNA sequences of A. longiloba and Amorphophallus muelleri registered at the NCBI, were aligned with the Mesquite software. Genetic diversity were examined using DnaSP ver. 6.12.03. The phylogenetic tree was reconstructed by MEGA 11 using the Maximum Parsimony method and the Tree-Bisection-Regrafting (TBR) algorithm. Among 389 site recorded, 356 site were invariable, 5 site were variable and 28 site were gaps or missing data. This genetic variation in the form of insertion, deletion, transition, and transversion and the deletion event has received the most contributions. Reconstruction of the phylogenetic tree resulted in A. longiloba being polyphyletic. The use of cpDNA with the trnL-F IGS region of IGS could not show the relationship between the Indonesian accession of intraspecies A. longiloba, so further research is needed in other areas regions of chloroplast and nuclear DNA.

Rediscovery, identity, and conservation strategies of a critically endangered endemic plant, <em>Hedyotis quinquinervia</em> Thwaites (Rubiaceae) in Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka, a biodiversity hotspot in Asia, records 30 Hedyotis species of which 25 species and a variety are endemic. Among these 25 species, seven Hedyotis species were categorized as critically endangered (CR), and 13 as endangered (EN). During our field survey in 2014, an extremely attractive plant belonging to the genus Hedyotis was discovered from Mount Thotupola, Sri Lanka. The plant was tentatively identified as H. quinquinervia. For accurate species identification, morphological characters were compared with voucher specimens, and identification keys were also used. In addition, DNA barcoding using the sequence of the internal transcribed spacer region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA-ITS) region was performed, followed by molecular phylogenetic analysis. A simple method to remove a thick cuticle layer on the leaves was employed to obtain a sufficient amount of DNA suitable for Polymerase Chain Reaction. A comparison with its protologue and type specimen along with molecular phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the unidentified plant was H. quinquinervia Thwaites. The National Red List of Sri Lanka (2020) had revised H. quinquinervia as a CR species upon the rediscovery confirmed after the lapse of a century. Habitat characteristics, ex situ and in situ conservation measures for H. quinquinervia, and general conservation strategies applicable to threatened heterostylous plants are also discussed.

Genetic connectivity and population expansion inferred from multilocus analysis in Lutjanus alexandrei (Lutjanidae-Perciformes), an endemic snapper from Northeastern Brazilian coast.

Previous studies about the genetic diversity, connectivity and demographic history in Lutjanidae fishes have reported a common pattern of genetic homogeneity and expansion in populations from Western South Atlantic. In the present work, we inferred the population structure, the levels of genetic diversity and the demographic history of the Brazilian snapper Lutjanus alexandrei, a recently described and endemic species from Northeastern coast of Brazil. Five different fragments, including mitochondrial DNA (Control Region, Cyt b and ND4) and nuclear DNA (Myostatin and S7) regions were analyzed in 120 specimens of L. alexandrei from four localities in Northeastern Brazil, representing the first study of population genetics in this species. High levels of genetic diversity were observed following a panmictic pattern, probably related to the larval dispersal by the current tides along the Brazilian coast. In addition, both demographic history and neutrality tests indicated that L. alexandrei has undergone population expansion during Pleistocene. In this sense, the sea level variation from this period could have increased the available resources and suitable habitats for the Brazilian snapper.

Genetic characterization and phylogenetic relationships of Phyllodistomum parasites in Indian subcontinent: insights from freshwater fish and shrimp hosts

Phyllodistomum is the large digenean group of fish parasites, with 25 species described so far in the Indian subcontinent. Here, we redescribed two adult species of Phyllodistomum (P. srivastava Rai 1964 and P. parorchium Jaiswal 1957) collected from freshwater fish Heteropneustes fossilis Bloch, 1974 and Glossogobius giuris Ham, 1822, respectively, and an unknown Phyllodistomum metacercaria from shrimp (Macrobrachium dayanum Henderson, 1893). These parasites were genetically characterized using 28S and first and second internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) regions of the nuclear ribosomal DNA and CoxI region of the mitochondrial (mt) DNA to establish the link between metacercaria and adult. Morphologically, both the unknown metacercaria in shrimp and adult Phyllodistomum srivastava in fish, resembled in terms of crenulated margin of hind body, arrangement of diagonal testes, bipartite seminal vesicle, and compact paired vitelline masses. The two adult parasite species, P. srivastava from P. parorchium, were different in terms of shape and size of the body, ratio of suckers, the absence of crenulated margin of hind body, a single chambered seminal vesicle, and deeply lobed paired vitelline masses, in the former species. Comparison of the 28S, ITS, and mtCoxI sequence data suggested P. srivastava and Phyllodistomum metacercaria belong to the same species, and supported the distinction between P. srivastava and P. parorchium. Exploring the potential impact of Phyllodistomum infection on host behaviour and health would be prospective areas for future research.

Trichinella T9 in wild bears in Japan: Prevalence, species/genotype identification, and public health implications.

In Japan, the recent series of sporadic outbreaks of human trichinellosis caused by Trichinella (Nematoda: Trichocephalida) has occurred owing to the consumption of raw or insufficiently cooked meat from wild bears. However, the infection status and molecular characteristics of Trichinella larvae in Japanese wild bears remain poorly understood. This study investigated the prevalence of Trichinella spp. in brown bears (Ursus arctos) from Hokkaido, and Japanese black bears (Ursus thibetanus japonicus) from three prefectures (Aomori, Akita, and Iwate) in northern Japan, between April 2019 and August 2022. Trichinella larvae were detected in 2.5% (6/236) of the brown bears and 0.9% (1/117) of the Japanese black bears. Sequence analysis using two genetic loci, the internal transcribed spacer region of nuclear ribosomal DNA and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene, revealed that the larvae collected from the seven infected bears were identical to one of the two haplotypes of Trichinella T9. The prevalence of Trichinella T9 is low but is maintained in bears in the Hokkaido and Iwate prefectures suggesting that undercooked meat from these animals could cause human infection. Thus, continued health education campaigns are needed to raise awareness of the potential risk of trichinellosis among hunters, meat suppliers, consumers, and local governmental health agencies.

Phylogenetic, cytogenetic and morphological evidences are critical for recognizing a new genus: Valdesiana, an Iberian intergeneric allopolyploid between Schenkia and Exaculum

The present taxonomic status of Schenkia elegans, endemism recently described in the Iberian Peninsula, and its relationship with the sympatric and the nearest morphological species Schenkia spicata and Exaculum pusillum is revaluated. Different kinds of evidence based on plant morphology, ploidy estimation by flow cytometry, karyotype characterisation, and phylogenetic data have been analysed. Two maternally inherited plastid DNA regions (trnL intron and trnL-F spacer) and biparentally inherited nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence region (nrDNA ITS) have been used. Comparative multivariate analyses show an intermediate morphology of the S. elegans plants between the other two species studied. Flow cytometry and karyotype analyses in S. elegans point to an allopolyploid origin, with the latter constituted by a mixture of those of the diploids S. spicata and E. pusillum. Phylogenetic analyses based on plastid and nuclear DNA regions cluster S. elegans in two different clades, those of S. spicata and E. pusillum, suggesting a possible hybrid origin of S. elegans between both species, acting as maternal or paternal progenitors. In consequence, taking in consideration the taxonomic relationships among genera (Exaculum, Schenkia and the closely related genus Zeltnera found in America), a monotypic genus Valdesiana gen. nov. is proposed to accommodate the allopolyploid species, combined as V. elegans, for which immediate conservation measures must be evaluated.

Urban biogeography of fungal endophytes across San Francisco.

In natural and agricultural systems, the plant microbiome-the microbial organisms associated with plant tissues and rhizosphere soils-has been shown to have important effects on host physiology and ecology, yet we know little about how these plant-microbe relationships play out in urban environments. Here we characterize the composition of fungal communities associated with living leaves of one of the most common sidewalk trees in the city of San Francisco, California. We focus our efforts on endophytic fungi (asymptomatic microfungi that live inside healthy leaves), which have been shown in other systems to have large ecological effects on the health of their plant hosts. Specifically, we characterized the foliar fungal microbiome of Metrosideros excelsa (Myrtaceae) trees growing in a variety of urban environmental conditions. We used high-throughput culturing, PCR, and Sanger sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS nrDNA) region to quantify the composition and structure of fungal communities growing within healthy leaves of 30 M. excelsa trees from six distinct sites, which were selected to capture the range of environmental conditions found within city limits. Sequencing resulted in 854 high-quality ITS sequences. These sequences clustered into 85 Operational Taxonomic Units (97% OTUs). We found that these communities encompass relatively high alpha (within) and beta (between-site) diversity. Because the communities are all from the same host tree species, and located in relatively close geographical proximity to one another, these analyses suggest that urban environmental factors such as heat islands or differences in vegetation or traffic density (and associated air quality) may potentially be influencing the composition of these fungal communities. These biogeographic patterns provide evidence that plant microbiomes in urban environments can be as dynamic and complex as their natural counterparts. As human populations continue to transition out of rural areas and into cities, understanding the factors that shape environmental microbial communities in urban ecosystems stands to become increasingly important.

Diet composition of wild columbiform birds: next-generation sequencing of plant and metazoan DNA in faecal samples

Accurate knowledge of a species’ diets is fundamental to understand their ecological requirements. Next-generation sequencing technology has become a powerful and non-invasive tool for diet reconstruction through DNA metabarcoding. Here, we applied those methods on faecal samples of Common Woodpigeons Columba palumbus, European Turtle Doves Streptopelia turtur, and Stock Doves C. oenas to investigate their dietary composition. By applying primer pairs targeting both the ITS2 region of plant nuclear DNA and the mitochondrial COI region of metazoan DNA, we provide a complete picture of the food ingested and estimate the dietary overlap between the columbiform species during the breeding season. Animal DNA was present very rarely, and a diverse range of plants from the class Spermatopsida dominated the diet, with Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, and Poaceae as the most frequently represented families. Generally, we detected a variability between species but also amongst individual samples. Plant species already known from previous studies, mainly visual analyses, could be confirmed for our individuals sampled in Germany and the Netherlands. Our molecular approach revealed new plant taxa, e.g. plants of the families Malvaceae for Woodpigeons, Lythraceae for Turtle Doves, and Pinaceae for Stock Doves, not found in previous studies using visual analyses. Although most of the plant species observed were of wild origin, the majority of cultivated plants found were present in higher frequencies of occurrence, suggesting that cultivated food items likely constitute an important part of the diet of the studied species. For Turtle Doves, a comparison with previous studies suggested regional differences, and that food items (historically) considered as important part of their diet, such as Fumitory Fumaria sp. and Chickweed Stellaria media, were missing in our samples. This indicates that regional variations as well as historic and current data on diet should be considered to plan tailored seed mixtures, which are currently proposed as an important management measure for conservation of the rapidly declining Turtle Dove.

Helianthemum bilyanense (Cistaceae), a new gypsum-halophytic specialist species from south-eastern Spain related to H. polygonoides

A new species, Helianthemum bilyanense (sect. Helianthemum), is described from a single population in gypsum saltmarshes of inland Alicante province (Comunidad Valenciana), in the south-eastern part of the Iberian Peninsula. It is closely related to H. polygonoides, but several differences in its general habit, floral pieces and indumentum of stem, fruit and seed allow easy recognition. Data on morphology, ecology, distribution and conservation are reported for the new species, and its taxonomic affinities are discussed based on phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Due to the scarce number of individuals, the reduced area of occupancy and the existence of serious threats on the only know population, H. bilyanense is suggested; (i) to be labelled as CR according to the IUCN red list categories and (ii) to be included in the Spanish and the Valencian catalogues of threatened plant species as ‘threatened with extinction’.

STUDY OF NON-CODING AREAS OF THE DNA GENOME OF DIFFERENT ANIMAL SPECIES

STUDY OF NON-CODING AREAS OF THE DNA GENOME OF DIFFERENT ANIMAL SPECIES

Phylogenetic analysis and morphology of Ganoderma multipileum, a Ganoderma species associated with dieback of the metropolitan woody plant Delonix regia (Boj. ex Hook.) Raf. in Vietnam.

Ganoderma multipileum, a wood decay mushroom, was initially discovered and classified in Taiwan through the analysis of its morphology and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. In this study, we identified a mushroom associated with the dieback of Delonix regia (Boj. ex Hook.) Raf., a woody ornamental street tree in Vietnam, as Ganoderma multipileum. This classification was based on phylogenetic analysis of ITS, RPB2, and TEF1 sequences, as well as morphology assessment and scanning electron microscope observation of basidiospores. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the specimens collected in Vietnam formed a monophyletic group of Ganoderma multipileum with a high bootstrap value and posterior probability (100%/1.00). Furthermore, the morphological features consistent with laccate Ganoderma, including a thin pileipellis composed of enlarged and bulbous hyphae, and the basidiomes exhibited two different phenotypes. Notably, scanning electron microscopy of the basidiospores revealed ovoid spores with numerous echinules, providing the first documented evidence of this characteristic for Ganoderma multipileum. This research represents the first recorded instance of Ganoderma multipileum in Vietnam associated with the dieback of Delonix regia.

Analysis and evaluation of morphological and molecular polymorphism in the hybridization of <i>Elaeagnus ×maritima</i> and <i>E. ×submacrophylla</i>

The taxonomic identity of <i>Elaeagnus ×maritima</i> and <i>E. ×submacrophylla</i> (Elaeagnaceae) in Korea is unclear, yet they are presumed to be hybrid taxa based on their morphology. To determine their hybrid origins, a morphological analysis (field surveys and specimen examinations) and a molecular analysis involving two nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) regions (internal transcribed spacer and 5S non-transcribed spacer) and one chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) region (<i>matK</i>) were conducted. The morphological analysis revealed that <i>E. ×maritima</i> showed certain morphological similarities to <i>E. glabra</i>, whereas <i>E. ×submacrophylla</i> showed certain morphological similarities to <i>E. pungens</i>. However, the molecular analysis indicated that <i>E. ×maritima</i> exhibited additive species-specific sites of <i>E. glabra</i> and <i>E. macrophylla</i> in the nrDNA regions. Notably, <i>E. ×submacrophylla</i> showed various aspects, with some individuals exhibiting additive species-specific sites of <i>E. pungens</i> and <i>E. macrophylla</i> in the nrDNA and <i>E. macrophylla</i> sequences in the cpDNA regions, some individuals exhibiting <i>E. macrophylla</i> sequences in the nrDNA and <i>E. pungens</i> sequences in the cpDNA regions, and some individuals displaying <i>E. macrophylla</i> sequences in both the nrDNA and cpDNA regions, despite an intermediate morphology between <i>E. pungens</i> and <i>E. macrophylla</i>. These results indicate that these two species are of hybrid origin and frequently cross between parental and hybrid individuals.

Paraphlomis caloneura (Lamiaceae), A New Species From Guangxi, China

Abstract— Paraphlomis caloneura, a new species from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, is described and illustrated. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on two nuclear ribosomal DNA regions (ITS and ETS) and three plastid DNA markers (rpl32-trnL, rps16, and trnL-trnF) revealed that the new species is sister to P. hirsutissima. Both species are found in the limestone forests and are geographically close to each other, but P. caloneura can be easily distinguished from P. hirsutissima by its oblong or ovate-oblong and adaxially densely hispid laminas with broadly cuneate to cordate bases, densely hispid petioles, and slightly 2-lobed margins of upper corolla lips.

Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Tulipa (Liliaceae) from Aksu-Zhabagly Nature Reserve

Barcodes are conserved sequences of genomic, plastid and mitochondrial DNA that can be utilized to uniquely identify an unidentified specimen to its species when conventional identification methods are inapplicable. Among prokaryotic and eukaryotic species, nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sections are one of the most often utilized DNA markers in DNA barcoding and phylogenetic research. In addition to the ribosomal genes, the plastid genes are the most suitable for identifying plant species. The Aksu-Zhabagly Nature Reserve is the oldest nature reserve in Central Asia and is home to 1,312 vascular plant species, 44 of which are categorized as threatened or endangered in Kazakhstan's red data book. In this study, a collection of specimens of uncommon tulip species was compiled, along with their morphological identification and DNA barcoding. The ITS region and parts of the matK and ycf1b genes of tulip plastid DNA were sequenced. The evolutionary link between species of tulips was investigated. Phylogenetic study predicted two Tulipa subclades. Tulipa species have substantially preserved MatK genes. Tulips' ycf1b gene has evolved more slowly than other Liliaceae family members. Nuclear and plastid DNA sequences investigated Tulipa species evolutionary relationships. The findings about the ITS region of nuclear DNA were more definite. Overall, our work shows that genetic data will be important in determining species concepts in this genus, however, even with a molecular perspective pulling apart closely related taxa can be extremely challenging.

Paraphlomisyingdeensis (Lamiaceae), a new species from Guangdong (China).

Paraphlomisyingdeensis (Lamiaceae), a new species from the limestone area in northern Guangdong Province, China, is described and illustrated. Phylogenetic analyses, based on two nuclear DNA regions (ITS and ETS) and three plastid DNA regions (rpl32-trnL, rps16 and trnL-trnF), suggest that P.yingdeensis represents a distinct species in Paraphlomis. Morphologically, P.yingdeensis is similar to P.foliatasubsp.montigena and P.nana, but can be distinguished from the former by its densely villous lamina and calyx, not decurrent base of lamina and bristle-like-acuminate apex of calyx teeth, and distinguished from the latter by its significantly taller plant (15-20 cm vs. 1-5 cm) and larger lamina (6.2-16.5 × 4-11.5 vs. 2-7 × 1.5-4 cm), densely villous stem, lamina and calyx and yellow corolla.

Cytogenetics, Typification, Molecular Phylogeny and Biogeography of Bentinckia (Arecoideae, Arecaceae), an Unplaced Indian Endemic Palm from Areceae.

Bentinckia is a genus of flowering plants which is an unplaced member of the tribe Areceae (Arecaceae). Two species are recognized in the genus, viz. B. condapanna Berry ex Roxb. from the Western Ghats, India, and B. nicobarica (Kurz) Becc. from the Nicobar Islands. This work constitutes taxonomic revision, cytogenetics, molecular phylogeny, and biogeography of the Indian endemic palm genus Bentinckia. The present study discusses the ecology, morphology, taxonomic history, distribution, conservation status, and uses of Bentinckia. A neotype was designated for the name B. condapanna. Cytogenetical studies revealed a new cytotype of B. condapanna representing 2n = 30 chromosomes. Although many phylogenetic reports of the tribe Areceae are available, the relationship within the tribe is still ambiguous. To resolve this, we carried out Bayesian Inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) analysis using an appropriate combination of chloroplast and nuclear DNA regions. The same phylogeny was used to study the evolutionary history of Areceae. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Bentinckia forms a clade with other unplaced members, Clinostigma and Cyrostachys, and together they show a sister relationship with the subtribe Arecinae. Biogeographic analysis shows Bentinckia might have originated in Eurasia and India.

Phylogeny and biogeography of Tiliacoreae (Menispermaceae), a tribe restricted to tropical rainforests.

Modern tropical rainforests house the highest biodiversity of Earth's terrestrial biomes and are distributed in three low-latitude areas. However, the biogeographical patterns and processes underlying the distribution of biodiversity among these three areas are still poorly known. Here, we used Tiliacoreae, a tribe of pantropical lianas with a high level of regional endemism, to provide new insights into the biogeographical relationships of tropical rainforests among different continents. Based on seven plastid and two nuclear DNA regions, we reconstructed a phylogeny for Tiliacoreae with the most comprehensive sampling ever. Within the phylogenetic framework, we then estimated divergence times and investigated the spatiotemporal evolution of the tribe. The monophyletic Tiliacoreae contain three major clades, which correspond to Neotropical, Afrotropical and Indo-Malesian/Australasian areas, respectively. Both Albertisia and Anisocycla are not monophyletic. The most recent common ancestor of Tiliacoreae occurred in Indo-Malesia, the Afrotropics and Neotropics in the early Eocene, then rapidly diverged into three major clades between 48 and 46 Ma. Three dispersals from Indo-Malesia to Australasia were inferred, one in the middle Eocene and two in the late Oligocene-late Miocene, and two dispersals from the Afrotropics to Indo-Malesia occurred in the late Eocene-Oligocene. The three main clades of Anisocycla correspond to three distinct genera [i.e. Anisocycla sensu stricto and two new genera (Georgesia and Macrophragma)]. Epinetrum is a member of Albertisia. Our findings highlight that sea-level fluctuations and climate changes in the Cenozoic have played important roles in shaping the current distribution and endemism of Tiliacoreae, hence contributing to the knowledge on the historical biogeography of tropical rainforests on a global scale.

Identification of nematodes of the genus Teladorsagia parasites of ruminants with the help of species-specific markers based on ITS2 rDNA

The present study delves into a methodological framework aimed at establishing species-specific markers via the utilization of sequences derived from the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. This method, in conjunction with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, serves as a diagnostic tool for discerning species belonging to the genus Teladorsagia Andreeva et Satubaldin, 1954. These species, constituents of the subfamily Ostertagiinae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae), exhibit wide distribution within the gastrointestinal tracts of ruminants across the geographic expanse of Uzbekistan. The heart of this endeavor is the development of species-specific primers, a pioneering creation in its own right. These primers are crafted using sequences emanating from the ITS2 region of the ribosomal DNA, an innovative approach that facilitates the precise identification of morphospecies within the Teladorsagia genus. Notably, the primers exhibit a nucleotide length of 153 base pairs, an attribute instrumental in their capacity to accurately distinguish and diagnose eggs and larvae of three distinct morphspecies: T. circumcincta, T. trifurcata, and T. davtiani. The potential implications of this method are significant, with ramifications reverberating across the field of veterinary diagnostics. Through the application of these primers, practitioners and researchers alike can effectively ascertain the presence of specific Teladorsagia morphospecies in ruminant animals. This holds the promise of not only enhancing diagnostic precision but also contributing to the broader comprehension of the prevalence and distribution of these nematode species within the local ruminant populations.