Module nRF24L01 Research Articles

Portable wireless node design for smart agricultural system based on Internet of Things

This paper presents a pair of portable wireless nodes for a smart agricultural system to control and monitor the agricultural parameters based on Internet of Things (IoT). This system utilizes low-cost wireless communication through an nRF24L01 module between the sensor node and the controller node. The sensor node is placed on the agricultural area with a Li-Ion battery as a power supply, while the controller node is placed at the control and monitoring station. On the sensor node, there is a YL-69 soil moisture sensor and DS18B20 temperature sensor, while in the controller node there is a relay that can set watering on/off condition. In the controller node, there is also an ESP8266 WiFi module that serves to send data to the internet cloud for user monitoring. Both hardware nodes are built in small and portable size. The experimental result shows that the sensor node can transmit soil moisture and temperature data via RF wireless communication to the controller node. Watering is done automatically based on the condition of sensor values. In addition, this system can also be monitored through a website interface, so the users can easily find out the condition of their plant as long as there is internet access.

Prototype Design of Wireless Electric Energy Transmission System and Distance Electric Recording Record System Using PZEM004T and NRF24L01 Module

Electrical energy can not be separated from the name kWh Meter, a tool used to measure and record the amount of electrical energy usage has a shortage of kWh meters can not be monitored remotely how much energy is used, so it is rather inconvenient for PLN officials to check the use of electricity for postpaid customers. This research was conducted to design a prototype of a wireless electrical energy transmission system and design a wireless electrical energy recording system using the NRF24L01 wireless transmitter module and the PZEM004T kWh meter module. The design in this study uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to transfer electrical energy at close range, while to transmit data, the authors use the NRF24L01 module. Besides, the authors use the PZEM004T module to measure various magnitudes. Based on the results of observations and measurements of the design of the tool, the authors found that the transmission of electrical energy using electromagnetic induction is not effective for longer distances because the energy lost in the air is getting bigger. So this technology needs to be further investigated. Besides, the measurement of electrical quantities using the PZEM module has a small difference (under 2%) with measurements using a multimeter, so it can be said that the measurement with the PZEM004T module is effective

NRF24L01 Distance and Error Link when Operated on Orange Plant Garden

The environmental conditions of the plantation area significantly affect the quantity and quality of fruit. Not only that, but the survival of plants will also be supported by the support of environmental conditions. Nowadays, wireless technology is proliferating. Wi-fi, remote control, cell phones are wireless technology products. Wireless technology was developed on the use of electromagnetic waves as a career for the data transmission. Electromagnetic waves are strongly influenced by the medium in its propagation but do not need a medium to propagate. Data will not be received/sent if electromagnetic waves are obstructed. Buildings, metal plates, leaves, trees will provide different attenuation of the electromagnetic waves. Wireless technology is beneficial if applied in plantation areas. In this study, research has been conducted on data errors due to the environment and distances that are out of reach. The primary device as a sender and receiver of data is the nRF24L01 module, which works at 2.4 GHz frequency. Data cannot be sent/received at close range because it is blocked by a building, and can reach one kilometer when used on the outskirts of the Malang Balitjestro orange plantation.

The Bus Arrival Information System for Tunanetra Based on Firebase Cloud Messaging and Google Text to Speech

Buses are one of the means of public transportation and there are also services provided by the Government to the community and their construction must meet standards so that the community can use them. Bus-type public transportation in the city of Semarang only stops at every bus stop. The current problem is that bus stops in the city of Semarang are not friendly to people with disabilities, especially for blind people. They have to wait for the bus to arrive then ask people around the identity of the bus that is coming. This study aims to build a bus arrival information system using a combination of Arduino Uno, Raspberry Pi 3B, LCD, nRF24L01 module, LED, Speaker, Google Text to Speech and Firebase Cloud Messaging. We perform the simulation by analyzing the transceiver connectivity on the bus to the information system transceiver and providing the obstacles in between. In addition, we also tested the maximum distance of the transceiver device on the bus stop connected to the router. Furthermore, the information systems usage time at bus stops using various power banks was also tested. We found that the transceiver on the bus and the information system transceiver was connected to a maximum distance of 40 meters and was not affected by rainy weather. In addition, the system execution time is highly dependent on the internet connection used on the information system transceiver. Meanwhile, the maximum distance between the information system and the router is also very dependent on the transceiver capability of the router and the information system. Furthermore, the time to use the information system using the Power Bank indicates that the greater the power bank, the longer the information system will be used. This shows that this system is suitable for use by the blind in using public transportation and becomes the basis for research in helping the blind.

FPGA Based Vehicle to Vehicle Communication in Spartan 3E

This paper presents economic and reconfigurable RF based wireless communication at 2.4 GHz between two vehicles. It implements digital VLSI using two Spartan 3E FPGAs, where one vehicle receives the information of another vehicle and shares its own information to another vehicle. The information includes vehicle’s speed, location, heading and its operation, such as braking status and turning status. It implements autonomous vehicle technology. In this work, FPGA is used as central signal processing unit which is interfaced with two microcontrollers (ATmega328P). Microcontroller-1 is interfaced with compass module, GPS module, DF Player mini and nRF24L01 module. This microcontroller determines the relative position and the relative heading as seen from one vehicle to another. Microcontroller-2 is used to measure the speed of vehicle digitally. The resulting data from these microcontrollers are transmitted separately and serially through UART interface to FPGA. At FPGA, different signal processing such as speed comparison, turn comparison, distance range measurement and vehicle operation processing, are carried out to generate the voice announcement command, warning signals, event signals, and such outputs are utilized to warn drivers about potential accidents and prevent crashes before event happens.

Tire Pressure Monitoring System Using an Android Application

Driving a vehicle with inadequate tire pressure can generate more ground friction, causing an increase in fuel consumption and, therefore in CO2 emissions. Another consequence is uneven tread wear, affecting braking distance and vehicle control. This paper presents the implementation of a Tire-Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS), which is a system that alerts the driver of a vehicle about a tire pressure change. For this, four prototypes were designed to monitor and transmit the tire pressure and temperature of a vehicle. For the transmitter circuits design, ATmega328 microcontrollers, NRF24L01 transceiver modules, Honeywell NBP series pressure sensors and LM35 temperature sensors were used. In addition, a receiver that incorporates an NRF24L01 module to receive the signals coming from the transmitters was developed. The received data are sent via Bluetooth, with the HC-05 module, to an Android application developed in App Inventor, which is an open-source web application. To install the circuits on the tires, compact cases were designed in Solidwork, which were printed using the Prusa i3 3D printer. The results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of the monitoring system and the accuracy of the measured data, as well as the relevance of the Android application to alert the driver in a simple way about any pressure change in the tires. These results suggest the possibility of using the prototype developed in realistic scenarios to monitor tire pressure in vehicles without this technology.

Analysis of Low Cost Communication Technologies for V2I Applications

The automated and connected vehicle will be a great technology development and it will change mobility habits. The two main positive effects of its integration are the improvement of road safety and the reduction of pollutant emissions of the vehicles. But first, the technology must be available. With the arrival of 5G (Fifth Generation), it will be a reality. However, the 5G could have some operation failures which could isolate the vehicle from the rest of the infrastructure. So, a solution is required which can improve communication reliability such that, if the 5G would fail, the short/middle range technology integrated will lead the vehicle with V2I communication. This integration would provide a reliable and strong solution. In this work, an analysis of different available communication technologies was carried out with a short/middle range, the selection criteria being lower cost and easy integration with 5G. To contrast the technologies, a validation methodology was developed, which enabled us to evaluate the performance ofV2I applications. We observed a comparatively higher performance of the module nRF24L01+ for V2I communication.

Monitoring water quality using star topology wireless sensor networks

The main purpose of this paper is how to implement wireless sensor networks (WSNs) using the star topology for water quality. This system using three devices. Two devices are the data transmitters and one device are the data receiver. Each device uses a NRF24L01 wireless module. There are two sensors that are temperature and Power of Hydrogen (pH) for each transmitter device. Each transmitter device can send temperature and pH data directly to the receiver. Receiver collects data from transmitter and sends it using serial communication to personal computer for monitoring. The result in the experiments is the data can be sent properly. The temperature sensor has an average error of 1.26 percent from 10 different data experiments. Data from the pH sensor test results explain that the pH sensor has an average error rate of 1.88 percent. The wireless module NRF24L01 can transmit data up to a distance of 30 meters. WSNs system using star topology has worked well and can be used in aquaculture ponds.

Multi-channel wireless A/D acquisition system based on NRF24L01 and LABVIEW

This paper presents a wireless A/D acquisition system based on NRF24L01 and LABVIEW, which can be used to collect A/D data in the harsh environment of industrial production, but the staff can not easily approach or can not persist in the field for a long time. The system mainly by the wireless transmission module NRF24L01 and A/D data acquisition module, which A/D conversion part of the chip using STM32C8T6 own ADC. The computer uses LABVIEW as the host computer for data display and processing. The wireless A/D acquisition system has stable operation, long transmission distance, accurate data transmission, no loss of data, and can be adapted to various industrial control and measurement situations through measurement in different harsh environments of the factory.

Design and Implementation of Solar Powered Automatic Pesticide Sprayer for Agriculture

An automatic pesticide mixing and water level control of irrigation system powered by solar, using PLC and nrf24l01 module is focussed. The proposed system consist of pesticide mixer which automatically mixes the pesticide and water in particular ratio and the mixer is automatically sprayed to the field on the programmed date with the help of PLC. This system will also be useful in monitoring the soil moisture condition and level of the water in the field via moisture sensors and ultrasonic sensor which is connected in the transmitter side of the RF module. The system proposes a soil moisture sensor and ultrasonic sensor at each place in the field where the moisture content of the soil and water level in the field has to be monitored which is powered by solar. When moisture content in the soil is low or water level in the field is below certain level, the transmitter RF sends a signal to the receiver RF and accordingly the motor is turned ON/OFF with the help of PLC.

QoS Analysis Of Kinematic Effects For Bluetooth HC-05 And NRF24L01 Communication Modules On WBAN System

Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) consists of a number of sensor nodes that are attached to the human body, and intended for monitor the human body condition. The WBAN system has several wireless communication modules that are used for sending or exchanging data between sensor nodes and gateway nodes or gateway nodes. There are some factors that are used to decide which communication modules should be implemented on WBAN system, including communication efficiency, distance range, power consumption, and the effect of mobility on QoS. In this study, we analyze the impact of the kinematic movement of sensor nodes on QoS parameter of HC-05 Bluetooth and NRF25L01 communication modules, during sending and receiving process among nodes. We assume that the sensor node and gateway node are attached on the limbs to catch the movement. We use Quality of Service (QoS) parameters such as delay, jitter, and packet loss, to analyze the impact of movement on communication modules. Based on the experimental result, it was found that the average value of delay and jitter for booth communication modules was slightly influenced by the speed of the sensor node movement. During the sensor node movement and data transmission, we found that the NRF24L01 module have a lower delay and jitter value than Bluetooth HC-05 module. The percentage of packet loss tends to be stable at 0% value, even though the speed value becomes higher.

Pembuatan Sistem Monitoring Temperatur, pH dan Salinitas Tambak Ikan Secara Nirkabel

− The quality of water hold on important rule in the field of fisheries, especially in cultivation activities. Parameters of water quality are often observed such as temperature, pH, salinity, and others. The influence of water quality on cultivation activity is very important therefore supervision of water quality parameters is absolute done by cultivators. This research had created the quality of water monitoring system in fishponds wirelessly. The system consist of the transmitter that integrated with LM35 sensor, pH meter kit sensor and conductivity sensor as measurer of water quality, and the receiver receive datum transmitted wirelessly with nRF24L01 module a long 5 meters distance from transmitter. The receiver equipped with an interface with PC which can save data measurement automatically to Microsoft Excel. The results of the validation of the measurement instrument obtained average of error relative to measurement were 0.01 0C for temperature, 0.005 for pH and 0.008 ppt for salinity. In summary, the measurement of water quality in surface water fishponds of temperature is 29oC until 38oC, pH is 8,6 until 11,9 and salinity is 12 until 21 ppt.

A Low-Cost Wireless TV Audio Transceiver

Wireless communication is rapidly growing, making it possible to design wireless network systems that can constantly collect, analyze, evaluate and validate our environment to get more control of the factors that influence it. With over a decade of intensive research and development, wireless sensor network technology has been emerging as a viable solution to many innovative applications. The paper describes the design of a wireless TV audio transceiver (transmitter to multiple receivers) using microcontroller ATmega328 and nRF24L01 module. The nRF24L01 transceiver module uses the 2.4 GHz band, and it can operate with band rates from 250 kbps up to 2 mbps. If used in closed space and with a lower band rate, its range can reach up to 100 m.

Design of data collection box based on NRF24L01

For the increasingly demanding of real-time temperature monitoring in industrial and, agricultural production, a data collection box based on wireless communication module NRF24L01 is, designed, temperature is collected by a high-precision temperature sensor AD590.Design method of hardware and software of the system is described in detail, the configuration method of NRF24L01 is given., The application of this design in wireless temperature collection system is discussed.The experimental result shows that the design has realized two real-time monitoring on temperature of two points, it can display the, value in different environment, a sounder is equipped in the design to alarm for over-temperature.

Wireless Monitoring of Induction Machine Rotor Physical Variables.

With the widespread use of electric machines, there is a growing need to extract information from the machines to improve their control systems and maintenance management. The present work shows the development of an embedded system to perform the monitoring of the rotor physical variables of a squirrel cage induction motor. The system is comprised of: a circuit to acquire desirable rotor variable(s) and value(s) that send it to the computer; a rectifier and power storage circuit that converts an alternating current in a continuous current but also stores energy for a certain amount of time to wait for the motor’s shutdown; and a magnetic generator that harvests energy from the rotating field to power the circuits mentioned above. The embedded system is set on the rotor of a 5 HP squirrel cage induction motor, making it difficult to power the system because it is rotating. This problem can be solved with the construction of a magnetic generator device to avoid the need of using batteries or collector rings and will send data to the computer using a wireless NRF24L01 module. For the proposed system, initial validation tests were made using a temperature sensor (DS18b20), as this variable is known as the most important when identifying the need for maintenance and control systems. Few tests have shown promising results that, with further improvements, can prove the feasibility of using sensors in the rotor.

Investigation of Bucket Wheel Excavator Lattice Structure Internal Stress in Harsh Environment through a Remote Measurement System

The paper shows the results of a lab model for strain gauges based measuring system for multiple measuring heads of the mechanical stress in lattice structures of the bucket wheel excavator for open pit mines-harsh environment. The system is designed around a microcontroller system. Because of specific working conditions, the measuring system sends data to a processing system (a PC with Matlab software), we have implemented a secure communication solution based on ISM standard, by using NRF24L01 module. The transceiver contains a fully integrated frequency synthesizer based on crystal oscillator, and a Enhanced ShockBurst™ protocol engine. The proposed solution has a current consumption around 9.0 mA at an output power of −6dBm and 12.3mA in RX mode. Built-in Power Down and Standby modes makes power saving easily realizable for our solution battery powered. The stress from structures is taken by specific strain gauges adapted to low frequency vibrations. We are using a precision 24-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) designed for weigh scales and industrial control applications to interface directly with a bridge sensor-instrumentation device, with low drift voltage, low noise, common mode rejection signal, frequency and temperature stability. As backup implementation for measurements a high speed storage implementation is used.

Design of Temperature Signal Detection System in Electrolysis Cell of Nano-Carbon

Nanotechnology is one of the key technologies in twenty-first Century, in order to study the influence of the electrolyte temperature in electrolysis cell on the agglomeration of the nano-carbon, according to the principle of electrolysis in the preparation process of nano powder, the temperature detection device of electrolysis cell had been designed. Taking the AT89S52 MCU as the main controller, using six 1-wire digital temperature thermometer DS18B20 to detect the temperature signal of different six locations in electrolysis cell, then to transmit out by the wireless transmission module nRF24L01 chip, and to achieve a multi-point temperature signal collection and wireless transmission. It can realize the multi point temperature signal acquisition and wireless transmission. The multi point temperature measuring device is simple, reliable and low cost. The research results can provide some references for the preparation of nano carbon on on-line temperature measurement in electrolysis cell.

Wireless Data Acquisition System Development and Application on HVAC Equipment

An appropriate monitoring and control system of the HVAC system is necessary to reduce its energy consumption on the premise of ensure the users’ comfort. A suite of wireless data acquisition system for HVAC system have been developed in this paper to resolve the cabling difficulties existing in the installation process of the sensors distributed at the end of the HVAC system. The acquisition system utilized a low-power and high-performance stm32f103RBT6 microcontroller as the MCU and a wireless transceiver module nRF24L01 and an Ethernet transceiver module W5100 to transfer data. Then the data will be stored in the SQL database and can be observed online. The working process and the practical applications of the acquisition system have been introduced. Finally an acquisition experiment based on the water system of an actual air conditioning system is conducted and the result shows that the wireless data acquisition system works stably and can overcome the difficulties in cabling and signal attenuation.

Perancangan Jaringan Sensor Nirkabel (JSN) untuk Memantau Suhu dan Kelembaban Menggunakan nRF24L01+

The environmental condition in a large areas often requires the monitoring. For example, in the case of greenhouse were used to cultivation experiments, fertilization experiments, plant resistance experiments, tissue culture experiments, experimental planting of crops in the off-season, and it needs equipment to monitor and control the environmental conditions to suit the characteristics required environment. The extent of land that is must be monitored, making it needs distribute the monitor at some point so that monitoring of environmental conditions can cover the entire desired area. This is the basis for the design of wireless sensor network for monitoring temperature and humidity using the communication module nRF24L01 +. The system consists of hardware for measuring the temperature and humidity at some point in a certain area. The system is divided into several sections that is referred to as nodes. Node in the system is divided into two functions, namely the sensor node and the concentrator node.. There are two the sensor nodes which will serve to data of temperature and humidity in separate areas and transmit data to the concentrator node. The communication between nodes is done using a module nRF24L01+. The design of communication protocol designed to connect between nodes concentrator with a sensor node capable of running properly. This makes the system capable of monitoring temperature and humidity through a web page, so it can be known conditions of temperature and humidity at some point at the maximum range of 93 meters.

Design of Detection System of Temperature Signal on Polishing Interface in CMP Semiconductor Material of SiC Crystal Substrate

The semiconductor material, SiC single crystal substrate, has been become an indispensable substrate material in the field of semiconductor lighting. In order to detect the influence of polishing interface temperature on polishing quality in chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) SiC single crystal substrate online, in this paper, according to the principle of chemical mechanical polishing, a device has been designed for detecting the polishing interface temperature in chemical mechanical polishing. AT89S52 microcontroller-based, using six 1-wire digital temperature thermometer DS18B20 to detect the temperature signal of different six locations, then to transmit out by the wireless transmission module nRF24L01 chip, and to achieve a multi-point temperature signal collection and wireless transmission. The device is simple, reliable and low cost. It will be providing a reference for temperature measurements in ultra-precision machining process online.