NP Structure Research Articles

An experimental reassessment of complex NP islands with NP-scrambling in Japanese

There is little consensus in the Japanese syntax literature on the question of whether complex NPs with a noun complement headed by toyuu ‘that.say’ are islands for NP-scrambling dependencies. To explore this question, we conducted two acceptability judgment experiments using the factorial definition of islands to test the status of noun complements, relative clauses (which are also complex NPs, and uniformly considered islands in the literature), and coordinated NP structures (which are also uniformly considered islands in the literature). Our first experiment yielded strong evidence that relative clauses and coordinated NPs are islands (as expected), and strong evidence that noun complements are not. Our second experiment also found strong evidence that relative clauses and coordinated NPs are islands, but yielded a small, non-significant, trend toward an effect with noun complements. Based on the sizes of our samples (89 and 90 participants, respectively), the sizes of the effects, and the details of the acceptability patterns, we conclude that noun complements in Japanese are not islands with respect to NP-scrambling. We also investigated between- and within-participant variability in our results. We observe no evidence of increased between-participant variability for noun complements relative to other islands, and no increase of within-participant variability for noun complements relative to scrambling out of (non-island) declarative CPs. Our results have consequences for a number of issues that have been encoded in current syntactic theories of island effects, including the correlation between syntactic constituent complexity and island status (e.g., number of bounding nodes or phase heads), and the correlation between complementizer deletion and island status (e.g., the complement/adjunct distinction).

DISCOURSE FUNCTIONS OF THE 3RD SINGULAR POSSESSIVE MARKER IN HILL MARI

This paper describes the discourse functions of the 3rd singular possessive marker in Hill Mari. Many previous works indicated that POSS.3SG markers in the Uralic languages express the semantics of definiteness; contrastive uses were also mentioned for Mari and Permic languages. Indeed, in Hill Mari, POSS.3SG primarily marks contrast (selection from a set) rather than definiteness. The acceptability of this marker depends on the status of NPs in the information structure. It can mark a topic, and it also has a contrastive use — both in topic and in focus. This use is typical of specific NPs. However, if this NP is a contrastive topic or, less often, a contrastive focus, the possessive marker is also possible in non-specific NPs. Using Hawkins’ terms: in definite contexts (anaphoric use, associative anaphoric use, immediate situation use, larger situation use), it is felicitous only in a (contrastive) topic, but not in focus. The influence of the information structure is only absent in the context of the selection from a set. It is the idea of the selection from a set that unites the functions of the POSS.3SG marker in its discourse uses. At the NP level, this is the choice of a referent from a set of participants. Contrastive topic and focus are also analyzed as a selection from several alternatives. As for the topic shift, a new topic is similarly selected from a variety of possible options in discourse, activated in the minds of the speaker and the hearer, and when marking the protagonist, the choice occurs from the set of all protagonists acting in various fragments of the discourse. Thus, the same marker encodes similar semantics in Hill Mari at the levels of NP, local, and global discourse structure.

Magnetic Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Anisotropy, and Applications.

Anisotropy is an important and widely present characteristic of materials that provides desired direction-dependent properties. In particular, the introduction of anisotropy into magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) has become an effective method to obtain new characteristics and functions that are critical for many applications. In this review, we first discuss anisotropy-dependent ferromagnetic properties, ranging from intrinsic magnetocrystalline anisotropy to extrinsic shape and surface anisotropy, and their effects on the magnetic properties. We further summarize the syntheses of monodisperse MNPs with the desired control over the NP dimensions, shapes, compositions, and structures. These controlled syntheses of MNPs allow their magnetism to be finely tuned for many applications. We discuss the potential applications of these MNPs in biomedicine, magnetic recording, magnetotransport, permanent magnets, and catalysis.

Magnetron sputtered TiO2 with metal NPs for plasmonic applications

This work is aimed at finding the optimal technological modes for the deposition of TiO2 films by reactive magnetron sputtering for use as a photoactive material in plasmonic applications. The structural and optical parameters of films obtained at different ratios of oxygen in a mixture of working gases were studied. On the basis of the obtained experimental results, a numerical simulation of the spectral characteristics of the TiO2 / NP structure of the metals silver and gold was carried out.

Mining structure-property linkage in nanoporous materials using an interpretative deep learning approach

In this study, a 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) is designed and trained with simulated NP materials to investigate their structure-property relationship. It is demonstrated that our approach is able to predict the effective stiffness of NP structure with a wide range of microstructures while exhibiting high accuracy and low computational cost. It is well-accepted that CNNs are purely predictive ‘black-box’ models that are not easily interpretable and therefore are not practical in identifying the microstructure parameters that largely impact the mechanical properties. To tackle this limitation, we develop a unique interpretation method for providing meaningful insights into learning the structure and property linkage of nanoporous material based on our well-trained CNN model. Using this method, it is revealed that the CNN identifies relative density and the saddle-shaped regions of the ligaments as the two most important features that strongly impact stiffness. While the effect of relative density is already known from previous scaling relationships, verifying that the training process as well as the predicted values of stiffness from our CNN model are trustworthy, our curvature analysis candidates a new microstructural parameter with negative contribution on the effective stiffness of NP metals knowing as: saddle-shaped regions of the ligaments that could be included in future scaling relationships to improve their accuracy.

Electrochemical Filling of Nanoporous Gold with Silver via Surface-Limited Redox Replacement

Nanoporous (np) metals feature a unique network of interconnected pores and ligaments structured at a length scale of a few to hundreds of nanometers. As a result, np metals have an inherently higher surface area-to-volume ratio resulting in lower melting temperature compared to their bulk metal counterparts. Most applications of np metals have been associated with electrocatalysis. However, in recent years, a growing interest in the use of np metals in microelectronics have been pursued. Among these applications is the development of np-Cu-based chip-to-substrate interconnections that is achieved by Cu-on-Cu bonding. np-Cu is an ideal candidate for solder alternatives because of its relatively lower melting and sintering temperatures. Furthermore, the incorporation of a thin film of Sn in the pores and/or the surface of the np-Cu ligaments could further lower its sintering temperature while maintaining low resistivity. In order to fabricate these composites, there must be strict control over the uniform and flat deposition of the Sn thin film on np-Cu.Here we present a proof-of-concept study on the development of an all-electrochemical metal-filling of np structures. Conventional methods like electron beam induced deposition and overpotential deposition (OPD) have been developed for the filling of porous structure. However, these approaches showed only partial filling that are also accompanied by the growth of three-dimensional protrusions forming outside of the pores. In order to overcome these complications, we developed an approach based on electrochemical atomic layer deposition by surface-limited redox replacement (SLRR). This method allows for a layer-by-layer deposition of metals that has been shown to form relatively flat and uniform deposits. In this study, the model porous structure is np-Au, which is prepared by the selective de-alloying of pre-deposited Au-Cu alloys. The np-Au structure was then filled with Ag via SLRR (in a one-cell configuration) that is realized by successive cycles of the adsorption of a Pb monolayer, serving as a sacrificial metal, that is immediately replaced by Ag via electroless galvanic displacement.A comparative study suggests that the SLRR approach results in a more uniform Ag-filling compared to a stepwise potentiostatic OPD approach that was also done independently. Morphological characterization via surface and cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals progressive filling of np-Au with Ag. Additionally, electrochemical BET characterization via cyclic voltammetry of Pb-underpotential deposition (Pb-UPD) was also used to monitor the filling process by measuring the electrochemical surface area of the Ag-filled np-Au composite. The findings from this study will be discussed in detail. Reference:Castillo, Y. Xie, and N. Dimitrov “Filling in nanoporous gold with silver via bulk deposition and surface-limited redox replacement approaches” Electrochimica Acta, 2021, 380, 138196.

Mobility of solid and porous hollow SiO2 nanoparticles in saturated porous media: Impacts of surface and particle structure

Silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) are of increasing interest in nano-enabled agriculture, particularly as nanocarriers for the targeted delivery of agrochemicals. Their direct application in agricultural soils may lead to the release of SiO2 NPs in the environment. Although some studies have investigated transport of solid SiO2 NPs in porous media, there is a knowledge gap on how different SiO2 NP structures incorporating significant porosities can affect the mobility of such particles under different conditions. Herein, we investigated the effect of pH and ionic strength (IS) on the transport of two distinct structures of SiO2 NPs, namely solid SiO2 NPs (SSNs) and porous hollow SiO2 NPs (PHSNs), of comparable sizes (~200 nm). Decreasing pH and increasing ionic strength reduced the mobility of PHSNs in sand-packed columns more significantly than for SSNs. The deposition of PHSNs was approximately 3 times greater than that of SSNs at pH 4.5 and IS 100 mM. The results are non-intuitive given that PHSNs have a lower density and the same chemical composition of SSNs but can be explained by the greater surface roughness and ten-fold greater specific surface area of PHSNs, and their impacts on van der Waals and electrostatic interaction energies.

Nanoporous silver-modified LaCoO3-δ perovskite for oxygen reduction reaction

Substantial progress has been made in developing perovskite-based catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). This article reported an ORR electrocatalyst composed of nanoporous Ag (NP-Ag) and LaCoO3-δ (LC) perovskite oxide and designed to take advantage of the bi-continuous NP structure and high electrocatalytic performance of perovskite oxides. The triple-phase boundaries (TPBs) formed by NP-Ag and LC provided active sites for the electrocatalytic reactions. Further annealing promoted the interaction between NP-Ag and LC, which induced the formation of more Co3+ and surface oxygen vacancies, as proved by multiple characterizations. When the mass ratio of LC and NP-Ag was 1:2 (LC/Ag-1/2-A), the catalyst showed the best ORR performance with a relatively high half-wave potential, and only attenuated by 4% after 5,000 cycles of accelerated durability testing. Besides, it delivered significant bifunctionality towards both ORR and OER, bearing comparison with the reported perovskite-based electrocatalysts. This work demonstrated a novel route for extending the application of NP metals and facilely designing efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts.

Nanoporous Pd-Cu thin films as highly active and durable catalysts for oxygen reduction in alkaline media

A facile electrochemical etching approach was developed and implemented to enhance the electrocatalytic performance of Pd-Cu films for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media. The nanoporous (np) Pd-Cu was synthesized through electrochemical de-alloying of pre-deposited Pd-Cu films. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy was employed to confirm the residual amount of Cu in the np structure. The accordingly prepared np catalysts showed excellent ORR activity up to 1.11 A/mgPd at a potential of 0.9 V vs. RHE which is around 22-times and 6.2-times higher than that of a plain Pd film and commercial Pd/C catalyst, respectively. The ORR activity enhancement is attributed to the unique porous structure, large Pd surface area, and modified electronic structure of Pd with residual Cu as confirmed by the SEM, hydrogen underpotential deposition, and CO stripping characterizations. The np Pd-Cu catalyst also showed excellent durability which is manifested by a negligible decrease in the half-wave potential (4 mV negative shift) after 10,000 potential cycles in alkaline media. These findings provide insights into the rational design of an electrocatalyst's structure utilizing an electrochemical de-alloying method to achieve high atomic utilization and improved catalytic performance.

Management of Phonon Transport in Lateral Direction for Gap-Controlled Si Nanopillar/SiGe Interlayer Composite Materials

The phonon transport in the lateral direction for gap-controlled Si nanopillar/SiGe interlayer composite materials was investigated to eliminate heat generation in the channel area for advanced MOS transistors. The gap-controlled Si NP/SiGe composite layer showed 1/100 times lower thermal conductivity than Si bulk. Then, the phonon transport behavior in lateral direction could be predicted by the combination between 3-omega measurement method for thermal conductivity and Landauer approach for phonon transport in Si NP/Si0.7Ge0.3 interlayer composite structure. We found that the NP structure could regulate the phonon transport in the lateral direction by changing the NP gaps. As such, this structure achieves the first step toward phonon transport management in the same electron transportation direction of planar-type MOSFETs and represents a promising solution to heat generation for advanced CMOS devices.

On the p -regular G-conjugacy classes with sizes 1 or minimal

Let N be a p-solvable normal subgroup of a finite group G, and Np′ be a p′ -Hall subgroup of N . If x is an element of G, then the conjugacy class size |xG| = |G : CG(x)|. Obviously, when CG(x) is a maximal subgroup of G, |xG| is minimal. In this paper, we investigate the structure of Np′ by assuming that |xG | is 1 or minimal for every p-regular element x of N

Promotion of CTL epitope presentation by a nanoparticle with environment-responsive stability and phagolysosomal escape capacity

Vaccines that induce cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated immune responses constitute an important class of medical tools to fend off diseases like infections and malignancy. Epitope peptides, as a format of CTL vaccines, are being tested preclinically and clinically. To elicit CTL responses, epitope vaccines go through an epitope presentation pathway in dendritic cells (DCs) that has multiple bottleneck steps and hence is inefficient. Here, we report the development of a strategy to overcome one of these barriers, phagolysosomal escape in DCs. First, we furnished a previously established carrier—an immune-tolerant elastin-like polypeptide nanoparticle (iTEP NP)—with the peptides that are derived from the DNA polymerase of herpes simplex virus 1 (Pol peptides). Pol peptides were reported to facilitate phagolysosomal escape. In this study, while we found that Pol peptides promoted the CTL epitope presentation; we also discovered Pol peptides disrupted the formation of the iTEP NP. Thus, we engineered a series of new iTEPs and identified several iTEPs that could accommodate Pol peptides and maintain their NP structure at the same time. We next optimized one of these NPs so that its stability is responsive to its redox environment. This environment-responsive NP further strengthened the CTL epitope presentation and CTL responses. Lastly, we revealed how this NP and Pol peptides utilized biological cues of phagolysosomes to realize phagolysosomal escape and epitope release. In summary, we developed iTEP NP carriers with a new phagolysosomal escape function. These carriers, with their priorly incorporated functions, resolve three bottleneck issues in the CTL epitope presentation pathway: vaccine uptake, phagolysosomal escape, and epitope release.

Increased bound magnetic polaron formation in the dilute magnetic semiconductor Zn1-xNixO

Ni doped ZnO nanoparticles (NP’s) was fabricated by hydrothermal method. XRD result investigated that all peaks could be indexed to hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO NP’s with no impurity phases. The values of saturation magnetization when expressed in terms of emu/g increases as the doping level increases but decreases when MS is expressed in terms of µB/Ni ion. PL spectra exhibit an increased blue shift as more Ni doping. The blue shifts of the peak in the visible light spectrum of the PL emissions of the Ni doped ZnO NP’s also indicate that more singly ionized oxygen vacancies are being created. The combination of their being more polarized d electrons available and more singly ionized oxygen vacancies around which the d electrons of the Ni2+ ions can localize to form the BMP’s would lead to an increase in the antiferromagnetic contribution to the net exchange interaction between Ni ions to increase.

Insights into the Structural Chemistry of Anhydrous and Hydrous Hexavalent Uranium and Neptunium Dinitrato, Trinitrato, and Tetranitrato Complexes.

A systematic investigation is presented which examines the structural chemistry of anhydrous and hydrous ternary hexavalent uranium and neptunium dinitrato, trinitrato, and tetranitrato complexes. Using slow evaporation methods under acidic conditions the uranium and neptunium nitrate complexes γ-K[UO2(NO3)3], K2[UO2-cis-(NO3)4], [NpO2(NO3)2(H2O)2]·4H2O, and Cs[NpO2(NO3)3] have been synthesized and their structures refined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. γ-K[UO2(NO3)3] adopts an orthorhombic structure in space group Pbca consisting of antiparallel aligned [UO2(NO3)3]- moieties. K2[UO2-cis-(NO3)4] adopts a monoclinic structure in space group P21/c consisting of [UO2(NO3)4]2- moieties with two monodentate and two bidentate nitrate ligands that are arranged in a cis configuration about the uranyl, UO22+, center. Previous investigations have only identified trans variants of this monoclinic structure, and this is the first report of the cis form and also the occurrence of geometric isomerism in uranyl nitrates. [NpO2(NO3)2(H2O)2]·4H2O adopts an orthorhombic structure in space group Cmc21 consisting of parallel aligned [NpO2(NO3)2(H2O)2] moieties that are in a trans configuration with respect to the bidentate nitrate ligands. Cs[NpO2(NO3)3] adopts a hexagonal structure in space group R3c consisting of parallel aligned [NpO2(NO3)3]- moieties. It was found that despite using a Np(V) nitrate solution as the starting reagent, Np(VI) nitrate structures were consistently recovered under acidic conditions. These observations are discussed and rationalized with respect to standard reduction potentials, particularly how redox conditions and acidity affect the oxidation state of Np and subsequent structure formation. The structures uncovered in this investigation are discussed comparatively and systematically in detail with other reported anhydrous and hydrous ternary hexavalent uranium and neptunium dinitrato, trinitrato, and tetranitrato complexes, particularly with respect to how synthesis conditions, including pH and geometric isomerism, affect the structural chemistry.

Mucosal IgE antibody secreting cell (ASC) repertoire analysis suggests an extrafollicular developmental program

Abstract Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) is a subset of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). AFRS is primarily associated with a type 2 inflammatory profile including eosinophilic mucosal infiltration and high serum and mucosal titers of IgE. Patients with AFRS have increased frequencies of IgE ASCs within NP structures, although it is unclear if these cells originate from a germinal center (GC) reaction or undergo local mucosal extrafollicular differentiation and class switch recombination (CSR). To better understand the origin of these cells, CD19+ and CD19− ASCs from human NPs (n = 3) were isolated for integrated single cell RNAseq and adaptive immune receptor repertoire (AIRRseq) profiling. Resulting AIRRseq data were piped into the ImMunoGeneTics (IMGT) V-Quest platform for comprehensive B cell receptor analysis. Interestingly, mutational frequency analysis showed that IgE ASCs have a lower V region mutation frequency (7.4 +/− 2.7%) compared with IgG (9.2 +/− 3.5%) and IgA (9.4 +/− 3.4%) ASCs from the same individuals. Additionally, IgE ASCs have an intermediate frequency of mutations in activation-induced deaminase WRC hotspots when compared with other isotypes. Finally, IgH repertoire lineage analysis does not indicate clonal expansion of NP IgE ASCs. These data suggest NP IgE ASCs compared to IgG and IgA ASCs from patients with AFRS may undergo a distinct developmental program that includes extrafollicular differentiation and CSR.

A Biomimetic Nanoparticle to “Lure and Kill” Phospholipase A2

AbstractInhibition of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) has long been considered for treating various diseases associated with an elevated PLA2 activity. However, safe and effective PLA2 inhibitors remain unavailable. Herein, we report a biomimetic nanoparticle design that enables a “lure and kill” mechanism designed for PLA2 inhibition (denoted “L&K‐NP”). The L&K‐NPs are made of polymeric cores wrapped with modified red blood cell membrane with two inserted key components: melittin and oleyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (OOPC). Melittin acts as a PLA2 attractant that works together with the membrane lipids to “lure” in‐coming PLA2 for attack. Meanwhile, OOPC acts as inhibitor that “kills” PLA2 upon enzymatic attack. Both compounds are integrated into the L&K‐NP structure, which voids toxicity associated with free molecules. In the study, L&K‐NPs effectively inhibit PLA2‐induced hemolysis. In mice administered with a lethal dose of venomous PLA2, L&K‐NPs also inhibit hemolysis and confer a significant survival benefit. Furthermore, L&K‐NPs show no obvious toxicity in mice. and the design provides a platform technology for a safe and effective anti‐PLA2 approach.

A Biomimetic Nanoparticle to "Lure and Kill" Phospholipase A2.

Inhibition of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) has long been considered for treating various diseases associated with an elevated PLA2 activity. However, safe and effective PLA2 inhibitors remain unavailable. Herein, we report a biomimetic nanoparticle design that enables a "lure and kill" mechanism designed for PLA2 inhibition (denoted "L&K-NP"). The L&K-NPs are made of polymeric cores wrapped with modified red blood cell membrane with two inserted key components: melittin and oleyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (OOPC). Melittin acts as a PLA2 attractant that works together with the membrane lipids to "lure" in-coming PLA2 for attack. Meanwhile, OOPC acts as inhibitor that "kills" PLA2 upon enzymatic attack. Both compounds are integrated into the L&K-NP structure, which voids toxicity associated with free molecules. In the study, L&K-NPs effectively inhibit PLA2-induced hemolysis. In mice administered with a lethal dose of venomous PLA2, L&K-NPs also inhibit hemolysis and confer a significant survival benefit. Furthermore, L&K-NPs show no obvious toxicity in mice. and the design provides a platform technology for a safe and effective anti-PLA2 approach.

Structural Variants of poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) Nanoparticles Differentially Affect LC3 and Autophagic Cargo Degradation.

Nanoparticle drug carriers trigger a variety of cellular stress responses, including ER stress and antioxidant responses, but may also affect the intracellular degradative pathway autophagy. This can impose profound effects on drug delivery, cellular treatment responses, and nanoparticle cytotoxicity. We recently demonstrated that even small variations in the alkyl side chains of poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) (PACA) drug carrier nanoparticles, namely butyl (PBCA), ethylbutyl (PEBCA), or octyl (POCA), differentially induce ER stress and redox imbalance in human cell lines. Here, we systematically investigate how these PACA variants affect autophagy. Interestingly, treatment with PEBCA or POCA particles led to intracellular accumulation of the autophagosome marker LC3-II, but via different mechanisms. PEBCA induced an integrated stress response-and ATF4-mediated increase in LC3B mRNA, whereas POCA blocked autophagic degradation of LC3-II and long-lived proteins in bulk. PBCA also increased LC3B mRNA via the integrated stress response and ATF4, but unlike PEBCA, it inhibited LC3 lipidation and autophagic cargo degradation. Our data demonstrate that even subtle variations in NP structure can have profoundly different impacts on autophagy, and that careful monitoring of autophagic flux and cargo degradation is critical for drawing accurate conclusions. Our findings have important implications for the choice of PACA monomer in different therapeutic settings.

Optoelectronics of Multijunction Heterostructures of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides.

Among p-n junction devices with multilayered heterostructures with WSe2 and MoSe2, a device with the MoSe2-WSe2-MoSe2 (NPN) structure showed a remarkably high photoresponse, which was 1000 times higher than the MoSe2-WSe2 (NP) structure. The ideality factor of the NPN structure was estimated to be ∼1, lower than that of the NP structure. It is claimed that the NPN structure formed a thinner depletion region than that of the NP structure because of the difference of carrier concentrations of MoSe2 and WSe2. Hence, the built-in electric field was weaker, and the motion of the photocarriers was facilitated. These behaviors were confirmed experimentally from a photocurrent mapping analysis and Kelvin probe force microscopy. The work function depended on the wavelength of the illuminator, and quasi-Fermi level was estimated. The surface photovoltage on the MoSe2 region was higher than that on WSe2 because the lower bandgap of MoSe2 induces more electron-hole pair generation.

Speciation, thermodynamics and structure of Np(v) oxalate complexes in aqueous solution

The speciation, thermodynamics and structure of the Np(v) (as the NpO2+ cation) complexes with oxalate (Ox2-) are studied by different spectroscopic techniques. Near infrared absorption spectroscopy (Vis/NIR) is used to investigate complexation reactions as a function of the total ligand concentration ([Ox2-]total), ionic strength (Im = 0.5-4.0 mol kg-1 Na+(Cl-/ClO4-)) and temperature (T = 20-85 °C) for determination of the complex stoichiometry and thermodynamic functions (log β0n(T), ΔrH0n, ΔrS0n). Besides the solvated NpO2+ ion, two NpO2+ oxalate species (NpO2(Ox)n1-2n; n = 1, 2) are identified. With increasing temperature a decrease of the molar fractions of the 1 : 1 - and 1 : 2 - complexes is observed. Application of the law of mass action yields the temperature dependent conditional stability constants log β'n(T) at a given ionic strength which are extrapolated to IUPAC reference state conditions (Im = 0) according to the specific ion interaction theory (SIT). The log β0n(T) values of both complex species (log β01(25 °C) = 4.53 ± 0.12; log β02(25 °C) = 6.22 ± 0.24) decrease with increasing temperature confirming an exothermic complexation reaction. The temperature dependence of the thermodynamic stability constants is described by the integrated van't Hoff equation yielding the standard reaction enthalpies (ΔrH01 = -1.3 ± 0.7 kJ mol-1; ΔrH02 = -8.7 ± 1.4 kJ mol-1) and entropies (ΔrS01 = 82 ± 2 J mol-1 K-1; ΔrS02 = 90 ± 5 J mol-1 K-1) for the complexation reactions. In addition, the sum of the specific binary ion-ion interaction coefficients Δε0n(T) for the complexation reactions are obtained from SIT modelling as a function of the temperature. The structure of the complexes and the coordination mode of oxalate are investigated using EXAFS spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. The results show, that in case of both species NpO2(Ox)- and NpO2(Ox)23-, chelate complexes with 5-membered rings are formed.