Novosibirsk Scientific Center Research Articles

Адаптация науки к новым условиям деятельности: стратегии и оценки научным сообществом (1990-е – первая половина 2000-х гг.)

The article describes the dramatic period in the history of Russian science associated with the transition to the post-Soviet period of its existence. There are two types of sources as the empirical basis of the analysis. The first is official materials (speeches by the leaders of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, concepts and development programs, reports on the activities of the Branch). Such materials describe the main trends in the development of the official strategy of the Branch for work in the new conditions. The second is the results of mass sociological studies conducted among researchers of the Novosibirsk Scientific Center in 1996 and 2004, which made it possible to identify the dynamics of adaptation processes at the personal, everyday, routine level. We conclude that despite the relative stabilization, including the growth of funding and the consolidation of the number of researchers, academic science still relied primarily on state support, it was not possible to build a market-oriented science. Under such conditions, a radical reform of the methods of managing academic science, primarily its property complex, became only a matter of time.

Synchrotron Radiation Based Research at the Novosibirsk Scientific Center

The SKIF Synchrotron and Terahertz Radiation Center provides users from various organizations with access to modern analytical techniques using synchrotron radiation beams for a wide range of research work. The general direction in developing the Center is now focused on generating new approaches to using synchrotron radiation.

Review of the book by N.A. Kuperstokh and I.A. Kraineva The Institutes of the Novosibirsk Scientific Center Are Named after Them

A monograph by Novosibirsk historians of science N.A. Kuperstokh and I.A. Kraineva is reviewed.

Институциональные трансформации и проекты развития Арктики и Севера: опыт экспертизы проектов человеческого развития этносоциологами Новосибирского научного центра

The article is devoted to the scientific expertise of human development projects in the North in the late Soviet and early post-Soviet periods of the institutional transformation of Russian society. Despite the fact that its official goal was the further development of the Soviet project among the peoples of the North, in essence, the researchers, in alliance with the authorities, searched for a balance between the mobilization (planned) and market strategies for the development of the Arctic and the North. The purpose of the article is to introduce into wide scientific circulation the results of research in the circumpolar zone of the RSFSR, carried out by ethnosociologists of the Novosibirsk Scientific Center (NSC) from 1982 to 1991 and later. The relevance of this work is brought to life by the desire of the state that emerged in 2010 to use market institutions in the implementation of plans for the development of the polar zone of the Russian Federation. This paper presents materials on the activities of the Regional Interdepartmental Commission for the Coordination of Comprehensive Socio-Economic, Medical, Biological and Linguistic Research on the Problems of the Development of the Peoples of the North, established in 1981 on the basis of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The tasks and functions of the Commission are described in detail. Among the key issues of its activities were the problems of labor and employment of the peoples of Siberia, the preservation of the traditional economy and native language, mass education and access to social benefits, the development of transport infrastructure and quality housing. Although the focus of the Commission’s work remained the study of the situation of the indigenous peoples of the North and Siberia, these problems were considered in a wide range of issues of developing the national economy, gaining access to the social benefits of late socialism in the paradigm of ‘the flourishing and rapprochement of nations’. With the liquidation of the Commission in the early post-Soviet period, researchers focused on studying the consequences of radical market reforms in the interethnic communities of the North of Siberia: the archaization of everyday practices, the decline in the living standards of the population, and the revitalization of ethnic self-organization structures. It is concluded that in future ‘northern’ projects, it is necessary to combine the mobilization and market strategies for the development of the Arctic.

In the interests of the State and Society: the Scientific Heritage of the founders of Siberian Academic Institutions. Review of the Book by N. Kupershtokh, I. Kraineva “Institutes of the Novosibirsk Scientific Center are Named after Them”

In the context of the great challenges of our time, scientific heritage has an urgent and resource value for the development of science, taking into account the public needs for its socio-cultural communication and personalization. The historical experience of the organization and management of science through the prism of the activities of outstanding scientists of Russia – the founders of academic institutions at the Novosibirsk Scientific Center (NSC) of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the late 1950s. Its results and prospects are summarized in the monograph N. Kuperstokh, I. Kraineva “The institutes of the Novosibirsk Scientific Centerare named after them”. Using the example of 14 named institutes, the authors analyzed the role of leading scientists in the formation of new scientific directions for Siberia in the fields of mathematics, computer science, mechanics and energy, physics, chemistry, biology, geology. The book reveals the specifics of the organization of research in each field of knowledge. The naming of the first directors to the institutes of the NSC testifies to their expedient time and perspective vision of scientific directions, which in the XXI century are implemented by their students and followers. A new approach to the study in historical dynamics of the role and influence of the scientific heritage of leaders in the context of socio–cultural space shouldbe developed in relation to other scientific centers of Siberia – Tomsk, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Yakutsk, adapted to the project “Akademgorodok 2.0”.

Исторический опыт и современные реалии в жизни научной молодёжи Новосибирского научного центра

The article raises the actual problems of the implementation of youth policy in Russia. Attention is focused on the analysis of the historical experience and modern life of the scientific youth of the Novosibirsk Scientific Center (NSC). The methodological basis of the study is the concept of the intercivilizational era, the methods of anthropology of scientific life. The source base of the study is a representative historiographic resource on the history of the Novosibirsk Scientific Center and information contained in Internet publications, periodicals, as well as obtained through the included observation of authors in Akademgorodok. It is shown that during the period of the organization of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), the NSC phenomenon consisted in the predominance of young people in the society. A unique multi-stage system of personnel training was created from participation in Olympiads to doctoral studies. Currently, it is being improved: the emergence of new faculties, the expansion of specializations, areas of employment of graduates. Scientific schools of academicians G.K. Boreskov, A.A. Trofimuk, their followers, well-known scientists of the SB RAS became the basis for the professional growth of scientific youth. Since 1961, the Council of Young Scientists has been an effective organizational form for solving the scientific and social problems of young people. Modern directions of its work: conducting scientific schools, expert activities, development of bills in the field of “youth - science - innovation”; draft laws in the sphere of “youth - science - innovation”; popularization of science, implementation of social initiatives. In conclusion, promising areas of research of Russian scientific youth are presented.

«Обращаюсь к Вам за советом и помощью» (письма Е. К. Ромодановской В. И. Малышеву, 1960-е годы)

The paper presents the letters of the outstanding scholar E. K. Romodanovskaya to the famous specialist in the archaeography V. I. Malyshev that have never been published in the public domain before. These letters contain information on the working process underlying the first academic papers of E. K. Romodanovskaya, preparations for the first archaeographic expedition and its realization, and other key episodes of her research carrier. The paper also sheds light on the first appearance of the term “Russian literature of Siberia”. As a conclusion, it is argued that the correspondence with V. I. Malyshev and the mediator role of E. K. Romodanovskaya were crucial for the establishment and development of collaboration and partnership between the famous Leningrad / Petersburg scientific center and the newly formed Novosibirsk scientific center.

Classical philosophy in Novosibirsk Scientific Center. The pages of history

Novosibirsk school of Classics is the most eastern Russian center for the study of the intellectual heritage of the Ancient civilization. At the same time, classical scholars of the Novosibirsk scientific center is well known beyond its borders. The interest of Novosibirsk philosophers covers many areas of classical problems, mainly focusing on their philosophical aspects as well as on ancient history, culture, and science. Among the topics and directions of research are ancient mythopoetic tradition, sophistic movement, Socrates, Plato and the Academy, Platonism in general, Aristotle and the Peripatetic tradition, Hellenistic philosophy, and Late Antiquity. Among the interests characteristic of the Novosibirsk community of classical scholars is the analytical approach to the study of Antiquity, as well as the exceptional attention to such rare for the Russian science topics as ancient music, navigation, and medicine

New Trends in the Field of Public Memory

The article analyzes the forms of public memory in the field of historical, cultural and scientific heritage on the example of commemorative practices in the Novosibirsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The source basis was the historiographic and information resource of publications about the SB RAS, the materials of the electronic open archive of the SB RAS, the results of the method of included observation. The methodological basis is the socio-cultural approach, the provisions on T. Shola’s mnemosophy. We consider the resonant commemorative events of 2020–2021 dedicated to the leaders of the Siberian Branch M. A. Lavrentiev, N. N. Yanenko, N. N. Pokrovsky, T. I. Zaslavskaya, doctor of philology M. I. Cheremisina, the builder of the Akademgorodok of the Novosibirsk Scientific Center general N. M. Ivanov. Conclusions are drawn that the sphere of public memory is an important component of the socio-cultural framework of the territory of the “scientific topos”. Novosibirsk Akademgorodok is a complex innovative form of public memory that configures the socio-cultural environment for the tasks of commemoration. The calendar-anniversary principle of commemoration of memorable dates is complemented by the logic of spiritual attachment to the heritage of significant personalities. The line between institutional and private initiatives and partnerships is being blurred. There is a further rethinking of the contribution and significance of the leaders of science. In various forms of public memory, social orientation, social activism, and moral agentivity are noted. The practical value of generalizing and algorithmizing the experience of commemoration is due to the importance of the socio-cultural function of the sphere of public memory in creating a semantic space of social myth-making, which significantly affects the life of society, the accumulation of historiographic and information resources for the successful implementation of national projects related to the modernization of science and education in the face of great challenges of modernity.

Status and prospects for the libraries of academic research institutes (as the case study of SB RAS Novosibirsk Scientific Center libraries). Part 2

The authors analyze the survey of the Novosibirsk Scientific Center’s libraries related to the relevant services provided by academic libraries. In Part 2, the authors discuss the findings for traditional and innovative services; attitude of library directors toward the newest services, and the latest developments. On the whole, the libraries of SB RAS research institutes enforce the widest range of activities and services based on the newest technologies. However, to offer modern information services, the librarians have to interact with researchers (experts) as their obvious partners. Through analyzing the survey results, the authors came to the following conclusions: all libraries have been accomplishing their traditional tasks; despite their adaptation to a new environment, as far as implementation of information services is concerned, they have remained at the level 1990s – early 2000s; library top managers demonstrate interest toward new knowledge and skills needed to offer innovative services to their users.

Status and prospects for the libraries of academic research institutes (as the case study of SB RAS Novosibirsk Scientific Center libraries). Part 1

The role and tasks of academic libraries are changing due to external factors, and among them is the atrophy of their function as the only information source. The authors analyze the survey of the Novosibirsk Scientific Center’s libraries related to the relevant services provided by academic libraries. The study goal is to determine the balance of traditional and innovated tasks being accomplished by the libraries. The idea of the survey was conceived in 2019 before the pandemic. In Part One, the authors describe the methods and methodology of their study. The key method is the survey questionnaire. The findings are analyzed and the conclusions are presented: to solve new problems (like establishing and maintaining the systems for monitoring researchers’ publication activity, maintenance of institutional data repository, preparation of reviews and analytical surveys, advocating institutes through social media, users support on copyright and plagiarism, consulting on grant selection and application), academic administration bring the expertise of librarians, or establish new structures; however, the librarians are insufficiently engaged in solving the new tasks of science support. The authors suggest that their findings reflect the activities of academic libraries, however after the pandemic, the situation may change with the world.

Effect of the scientific and educational space transformation on the system of interacting research libraries in the region

Novosibirsk Region plays the leading role in the structure of the scientific-educational complex of the Siberian Federal District. There are higher educational institutions, hat provide professional training, re-training and advanced training of specialists, as well as scientific-research institutions of the Novosibirsk scientific center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian academy of sciences and institutions of other departments. The scientific and educational space of the region is in constant dynamics. The article objective is to characterize factors effecting the scientific and educational complex development in the region including scientific libraries as a part of its structure, and determine the trends of their further development. The dialectic approach, permitting to view library-information and educational spheres of the large scientific library activity in their unity and inter-conditionality, is the common methodological basis for the research undertaken. The authors identify features of the modern scientific and educational space in Novosibirsk region, its characteristics effect on scientific libraries development, and a number of trends of changing research and student contingents affecting the library and information services of these reading cohorts based on the analysis results of statistical data of regional and federal significance and publications. The integration process of leading universities and research institutions in the region contributes to the development of corporate relations of libraries with different statuses to converge the information support of industrial and disciplinary discourse in the educational and research environment. The authors highlight some trends that promote the changing role of libraries in the scientific and educational space: the mediation function priority between the ever-expanding information space and the society needs, deepening the differentiation of library technologies depending on the status and objectives of scientific libraries; they suggest measures to strengthen regional interlibrary cooperation.

Akademgorodok 2.0 as a Regional Scientific and Innovation Ecosystem: Problems of Formation and Management

—The article discusses the first steps towards implementing the Development Program for the Novosibirsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences as a territory with a high concentration of research and development projects (megaproject Akademgorodok 2.0). The author analyzes the results of substantiating the prospects for developing the Novosibirsk Scientific Center in the area called the science polis zone of the Novosibirsk agglomeration. Approaches to constructing scenarios for developing this zone in the unity of socioeconomic, scientific, technological, infrastructural, and urban planning solutions are considered. The layouts of the future Akademgorodok 2.0 for the three considered scenarios are presented. The approaches to establishing the management system in the science polis zone are analyzed (including the one focusing on the Federal Law On innovative scientific and technological centers and on amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation). As an alternative management model, a proposal is formulated to organize the National Science and Technology Corporation for the Development of Siberia as a joint-stock company. It is not only to ensure the effective use of funds allocated for Akademgorodok 2.0 projects but also to address the issues of earning and reproducing the financial resources for these purposes. It is concluded that Akademgorodok 2.0 is among the successful experiences of setting up a regional scientific and innovation ecosystem in Russia. It is shown that integrating the regional strategic planning, territorial planning with modern urban planning solutions, and the planning and management of the scientific and technological development of the territory are fundamentally important for innovation ecosystem’s management system.

Akademgorodok 2.0 Megaproject: Are Dreams Coming True?

The development of science-oriented urban settlements in Russia—so-called naukograds and akademgorodoks—is examined against the global backdrop of the evolving regional science and innovation systems. It is concluded that the strongest among these settlements should receive state support aimed at developing national centers for the integration of science, education, and high-tech business. It is shown that Novosibirsk Akademgorodok should become such a center. Akademgorodok hosts the Novosibirsk Scientific Center (Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences), the leader among Russia’s regional science and innovation systems in terms of scale and diversification of research and development. An overview is given of the main principles of the Siberian Science Polis Strategic Initiative, proposed as part of the Program for Reindustrialization of the Economy of Novosibirsk Oblast until 2025, and the Concept for the Development of the Novosibirsk Scientific Center (Novosibirsk Akademgorodok) as a Territory with a High Concentration of Research and Development (Akademgorodok 2.0 megaproject), drafted at the direct instruction of the President of the Russian Federation. Comparative analysis of these documents yields the conclusion that they are very close conceptually, but the Akademgorodok 2.0 megaproject provides a more detailed plan for the development of a world-class science and innovation infrastructure alongside housing, social, transport, and engineering infrastructure to create a modern and comfortable social environment. Opportunities are discussed for the development of a global-scale science and education center established under the auspices of Novosibirsk State University drawing on its relationships with research institutes and industrial partners. Positive impacts are identified, as well as problematic areas and risks, of the Akademgorodok 2.0 megaproject on the development of Novosibirsk oblast and Novosibirsk.

Антропология повседневности в социальной памяти советских женщин-ученых (на примере Новосибирска, 1950-е — начало 1990-х гг.)

In this article the author revelas the way of life and daily life of women scientists in regional scientific centers unsing the example of Novosibirsk Academic Town. The basis for this research was the recollections of women about the process of creation of Novosibirsk scientific center. Having analyzed the history of the evolution of daily life space from the point of view of women’s perception and female type of memorization the author comes to the conclusion that Novosibirsk Academic Town formed a specific type of daily life culture for women. The author also points out that the high social status and a certain number of pivileges for scientists made the wives of scientists dependent on their husbands, predetermining the conditions of saving the marriage and becoming an obstacle for their careers.

Information-Analysis Services based on Scientific News in the Academy Research Libraries

In the context of the development of modern information and communication environment, the top challenge of library institutions is to renew their activities and fill it with new functionalities. As science communications advance in accordance with the general evolution of the web sphere, the organization systems of information support for scientific research therefore undergo changes too. Scientific and academic libraries with their unique position in science communications are faced with the need to rethink their role and functions, with the problem of finding new ways of information and library support to research activities, and new services that meet the needs of modern scientists. Since one of the indicators for scientific institutions reporting is the number of institution references in the media, scientific libraries have begun to provide science news services. The authors consider the news information resources and services for scientific research institutions. The paper presents a brief description of news aggregator “Siberian Science News”, an information platform for distribution, storage and browsing of factual, bibliographic and full-text data. Based on this platform, staff members of the Branch of the State Public Scientific-Technological Library of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS) have set up a service to provide specialists with information to maintain and update the online news feeds of the research institutions of the Novosibirsk Scientific Center of SB RAS. The authors note that currently, according to the preferences of subscribers, there are used two types of information-analysis reports based on media publications. The results of the conducted research allow the authors to conclude that there is a need for more active promotion of the resource “Siberian Science News” and the service for the maintenance of news information. In the case of the research institutions, the service maintains the development of their news pages and news feeds on the websites of organizations, which in turn makes the organizations more visible in science communication environment and promotes research areas and scientific results.

Career path of researchers in relation to publication ethics

This paper describes the how the scholarly output of researchers impacts upon their career development. Bibliometric approaches were engaged to study the frequency of publications of prominent scientists from the Novosibirsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences during their career. This included their thesis defense, assignment to leading positions in research organizations, and election as members of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The highest correlation was between the growth in the number of papers and assignment to a position of leadership. A rapid growth in scholarly output, in this case, was achieved through co-authorship. Furthermore, the thematic diversity of papers was significantly enhanced during this period. Our investigation enabled us to detect cases of violation of publication ethics through the use of "guest" and "honorary" authorship.

Интегративный подход к оценке реализации научных проектов СО РАН

The article is devoted to the methodological foundations of an integrative approach to managing and evaluating the effectiveness of interdisciplinary projects with many participants. The aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of interdisciplinary projects of the Novosibirsk Scientific Center in accordance with the methodology of the integrative approach, which takes into account the multi-purpose use of the results of research and development of a specific scientific direction in different fields (science, education, production). The essence of the integrative assessment of projects consists in the integrated application of the methods of the typology of scientific results and methods of project analysis, which allows to take into account the totality of the obtained results of an interdisciplinary project, starting from the stage of basic research and ending with the development stages of product prototypes or new technologies of high readiness. The analysis of the characteristics and effects of the projects that we use in the assessment methodology is carried out from the standpoint of different criteria: the attainability of world-class scientific results; increase the level of technology readiness, the use of scientific results in education and production. Innovative opportunities of projects can be additionally economically evaluated by methods of project analysis. The examples of the success of projects in terms of their high applicability for the development of priority areas of science and technology, improving the quality of education are shown. The findings can be used to develop a strategy for the development of regional research centers where research institutes of different profiles are located and in the management of research projects with many participants.

Программа «Академгородок 2.0»: проекты и образовательный потенциал

Specific projects initiated by higher school and high-tech business is the scientific and technological basis of the Program for the development of Novosibirsk Scientific Center (Akademgorodok 2.0) as a territory with high concentration of research and development institutions. The article presents general information on scientific, infrastructural and innovative projects of the Program, their classification by key indicators, promotion and scientific-organizational support of projects. The article proposes the measures to make higher education in Novosibirsk more attractive and competitive in both international and Russian education services markets as the most important direction of implementation of the Program “Akademgorodok 2.0”. The work focuses on the necessity to form new educational programs and their coordination with the promising research and scientific developments implemented within the framework of the Program “Akademgorodok 2.0”. The authors express their position on the proposals to organize “Big NSU” by including a number of academic institutions of the NSC of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Scientific State Policy through the Eyes of an «Ordinary Scientist».Scientists’ Situational Strategies in Response to the Science Reforming Waves in Russia

A comparative analysis of the results of two paired sociological studies of the Russian academic community in the Siberian Branch of the RAS (SB RAS) in 1992 – 1994 and 2015 – 2016 was carried out. The first study was realised at the institutes of the Novosibirsk Scientific Center (NSC SB RAS); the second again at the Research Institutes of the NSC SB RAS, as well as at the academic institutes of Tomsk, Irkutsk and Krasnoyarsk was carried out. The main method: in-depth structured interviews focused on the problems of (a) professional adaptation of “ordinary” scientists and (b) reactions of the institutes and laboratories to radical changes in state scientific policy. A comparative analysis showed that despite the different goals and results of implementing scientific policy in the early 1990s and in mid-2010s, the scientific community often demonstrates the same, in fact, “response to threats” expressed in the professional behavioral strategies. These strategies are conservative and situationally non-adaptive. Management of research institutes strives to maintain the “status quo”; they aim, if possible, not to change the structure of professional relations, the directions and subjects of researches. This testifies to the inert structure of academic science and science management, which aims to maintain the main organizational components that were laid down in the Soviet 1930s.