Novosibirsk Reservoir Research Articles

Аппроксимация экспериментальных коэффициентов гидродинамических сил крыльевого гидродинамического якоря

The article considers a full-scale comparative experiment conducted in 2020 in the water area of the Novosibirsk reservoir on the simultaneous drift of six marine life rafts with a capacity of 6 people each. Each raft was equipped with one of the developed hydrodynamic anchors (HDA); one raft had a standard parachute floating anchor; one raft had no means of preventing drift. The wing hydrodynamic armature showed good results in reducing the drift velocity. To develop design methods of this kind, hydrodynamic forces were determined in the direct experimental basin of the Siberian State University of Water Transport (SSUWT) by towing with different speeds and angles of attack. According to the tests conducted in the direct experimental pool of the police Department, HDA the coefficients of hydrodynamic forces were obtained. It is noted that the HDA is made in full size, which does not require recalculation according to similarity criteria; the values of the coefficients show an unstable dependence on the towing speed, which is explained by the influence of errors of the experimental method and required averaging of the results. To substantiate the possibility of using the averaging method, the results of numerical modeling of the work of HDA carried out in the Ansys Fluent program are used, which revealed a very weak dependence of the coefficients on the flow rate. On this basis, a decision was made on the possibility of averaging coefficients related to flow velocities v ≥ 0.2 m/s, at which the spread of coefficient values is relatively small. The averaged values of the coefficients obtained in the physical experiment are approximated in their ranges of angles of attack by quadratic polynomials to smooth out the results and facilitate their use in mathematical models of the device operation.

The influence of hydrological and meteorological factors on the water quality of the Novosibirsk reservoir in the years of mean water content

The influence of hydrological and meteorological factors on the water quality of the Novosibirsk reservoir in the years of mean water content

Model Analysis of the Thermal and Ice Regime of a Large Lowland Reservoir: Case Study of the Novosibirsk Reservoir

Model Analysis of the Thermal and Ice Regime of a Large Lowland Reservoir: Case Study of the Novosibirsk Reservoir

The grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella in the southern Western Siberia

The natural area of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella includes the river basins of East Asia from the Amur to Xijiang. The habitat of grass carp is rivers, lakes and ponds. It spawning is in rivers with high flow rates, during pronounced rises in water levels, at temperatures above 18 °С (usually 22–24 °С). It feeds mainly on aquatic vegetation. The grass carp is very common aquaculture object, currently it ranks first in the world in terms of commercial cultivation. In the south of Western Siberia, there is significant interest to grass carp not only as an object of cultivation for commercial fish products, but also as a biological meliorator. However, the possibilities of its cultivation are limited by the climatic features of the region. The problem can be solved by obtaining large grass carp fish seeding material under RAS. There are known cases of single captures of individuals of this species of different ages in the Ob, Irtysh, Tom rivers and in the Novosibirsk reservoir, where they probably end up from nearby fish farms. Currently, data about the natural reproduction of the grass carp in the Ob river basin is missing (except, perhaps, the Belovsky Reservoir).

Возраст и рост обыкновенного судака Sander lucioperca в разнотипных водоемах юга Западной Сибири

The age and growth of fish are the most important characteristics underlying the assessment of the state of fish stocks and the forecasting of future catches. The pike-perch Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758) is an alien fish species in Western Siberia. It was first introduced into the Ob basin in 1956. The introduction of this species into the Novosibirsk reservoir was carried out in 1959-1964, and into Lake Chany in 1964-1966. Currently, pike-perch is spread throughout the Ob basin and is an important fishery target. This study summarizes long-term data from the Novosibirsk branch of Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography ("VNIRO") about the growth of different-aged individuals of the pike-perch, collected during monitoring of aquatic biological resources in the Novosibirsk reservoir (54°20' N, 81°57'E) and Lake Chany (54°55'N, 77°31'E) over the last 10 years (2013-2022). These water bodies are of different types: the Novosibirsk reservoir was formed on the Ob River, the maximum depth reaches 25 m, the average depth is 8 m. The area of the reservoir is 1.07 thousand km^. Lake Chany is located in the Ob-Irtysh interfluve, drainless, filled due to the runoff of the Kargat and Chulym rivers, atmospheric precipitation and groundwater. The maximum depth is up to 8 m, average depth is 2 m. The area of the lake fluctuates greatly from year to year depending on the water level, in the long-term aspect it has tends to decrease, currently amounting to about 2 thousand km. The lake water has increased mineralization in most of the reaches. Fish collection for analysis of size characteristics is carried out annually from commercial catches. The total volume of material for this study was 2953 individuals from Lake Chany and 1102 individuals from the Novosibirsk reservoir. As a result of this work, it was found that in commercial catches in different types of water bodies in the south of Western Siberia, pike-perch has been known at the age of up to 14+ years over the last 10 years. In Lake Chany, there were mostly individuals of age groups 2+-4+, and in the Novosibirsk Reservoir - 3+-6+ (See Fig. 1). The pike-perch size of the same age from commercial catches varies greatly from one year to the next in Lake Chany, and in the Novosibirsk reservoir (See Fig. 2). It confirms the data on significant variability in growth rates of this species and indicating the need for a cautious approach to comparing the length and weight of pike perch in different observation periods. On average, over the last decade, pike-perch in Lake Chany is characterized by a slightly shorter standard length and greater weight than in the Novosibirsk Reservoir, however, the differences reach statistical significance (p < 0.001) only when comparing fish aged 2+ by standard length (See Fig. 3). The analysis of the relationship between the growth rate of pike-perch and environmental temperature showed that the absolute increase per year of standard length and weight of younger age groups fish in the Novosibirsk Reservoir has a statistically significant positive correlation with the temperature in April (r = 0.6110.775), and in Lake Chany - in May (r = 0.633-0.737) (See Tables 1, 2). Considering that the average April temperature in the area of the Novosibirsk reservoir is 1.9°C higher than in the area of Lake Chany, probably, in the latter, juvenile pike-perch begins to actively feeding a little later. It may explain the smaller sizes of pike-perch of younger age groups in Lake Chany compared to the Novosibirsk reservoir. The article contains 4 Figures, 2 Tables and 28 References. The authors express their gratitude to all colleagues - employees of the Novosibirsk Branch of "VNIRO", who over in different years took part in collecting the material. The Authors declare no conflict of interest.

Contribution of higher aquatic vegetation to the formation of organic matter of the Novosibirsk reservoir in 2022

This work is devoted to assessing the productivity of higher aquatic and coastal aquatic vegetation and assessing the contribution of macrophytes to the formation of organic matter of the Novosibirsk reservoir. As part of the complex expedition in 2022, studies were carried out on key sections of the reservoir: Krutikhinsky shallow water (upper part), Chingis and Sharapsky bays (middle part), Karakansky, Irmensky, Burmistrovsky and Berdsky bays (lower part of the reservoir). In the course of field work, the composition of dominant communities and the biomass of air-water (helophytes), floating (pleistophytes) and submerged (hydrophytes) plants were determined. The long period of filling the reservoir in 2022 had a negative impact on the productivity of aquatic vegetation. The most productive were communities of air-aquatic plants, the average annual production of which was 418.4 ± 35 g of carbon, the average annual production of communities of hydrophytes and pleistophytes did not exceed 235 ± 21 g/m2 or 125 ± 11 g of carbon, respectively.

Catch dynamics of freshwater bram Abramis brama in the Ob river basin as a reflection of the success of its acclimatization

The native range of the freshwater bream Abramis brama includes the basins of the North, Baltic, White, Azov, Black, Caspian and Aral seas. This species is not a popular object of aquaculture, but it is cultivated in some countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia. In the water bodies of Italy, Spain, Portugal, England and China, it is a naturalized alien species that does not have a large number. At first freshwater bream was introduced into the Ob basin in 1862, in the reservoirs of the eastern slope Urals. By the end of the 19th century, bream became common in this region, but spread slowly downstream: in the Lower Irtysh it was noted only in the mid-1920s, and entered the commercial statistics in 1936. It became known in the Middle Irtysh in the 1930s, but it became an object of fishing only in 1963. In the lakes of the Ob-Irtysh interfluve, at first bream was introduced in 1928. In the largest of them, it became naturalized. In the Ubinskoye lake the bream formed a stable self-reproducing population, which served as a source of juvenile bream for resettlement in water bodies of Siberia and Kazakhstan in the middle of the twentieth century. Currently, the bream in the Ubinskoye lake does not inhabit due to the shall owing of the lake. Bream was introduced into the Novosibirsk reservoir in 1957–1960. It quickly became numerous and began to spread up and down the river Ob. It has been known in the Upper Ob in the Altai Region since the early 1960s, and in the Middle Ob in the Tomsk Region since the end of the same decade. Currently, the catch of bream in the Ob basin are maximum in the Bukhtarma reservoir, relatively large in the Novosibirsk reservoir and in the water bodies of the Khanty- Mansiysk Autonomous Region. At the same time, the share of this species in the total volume of fish catch in large reservoirs of the Ob basin is about 80% of the fishing, in the Middle Ob and Middle Irtysh — about 20%, and in the north of Western Siberia — less than 0.5%. The decrease in the share of bream in the fishery from south to north reflects not only a decrease in the abundance of this species in the latitudinal direction, but also an increase in the stocks of native fish species.

Bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis and silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix in the Southern Western Siberia

The native range of the bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis and silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix covers the East Asian river basins from the Amur to the Yangtze. These are inhabitants of large streams with a developed floodplain. These species spawn in rivers, during pronounced fluctuations in the water level, at high flow rates. A. nobilis and H. molitrix, as well as their hybrids, are widely used in aquaculture in many countries of the world. It is believed that the A. nobilis does not naturally reproduce in most places of introduction, but it is known that it successfully naturalized in the Amur river basin. Natural reproduction of the H. molitrix occurs in some rivers in Eurasia and America. In Russia, it is currently known about the natural reproduction of A. nobilis and H. molitrix in the Lower Volga and in the Kuban river. In new habitats, the bighead carp, as a zooplankton feeder, can be a food competitor for juveniles of native fish species. The naturalization of silver carp can pose a serious threat to recipient ecosystems, since it feeds on phytoplankton and it can significantly undermine one of the lower elements of the trophic chain of water ecosystems. The first introduction of A. nobilis and H. molitrix in the Ob river basin was made in 1958, in the Novosibirsk reservoir. Currently, these species are cultivated in fish farms in the region, from where they enter natural water bodies. Data on the natural reproduction of A. nobilis and H. molitrix in the Ob river basin (except, possibly, the Belovsky reservoir) is currently absen

Trophic position of the invasive mollusc Viviparus viviparus in the Novosibirsk Reservoir and its role in nutrient cycling

Trophic position of the invasive mollusc Viviparus viviparus in the Novosibirsk Reservoir and its role in nutrient cycling

Macroinvertebrates reveal environmental gradients: methods and method development in the Ob River basin

AbstractThe Ob is the seventh longest river in the world and its length (including the largest tributary Irtysh) is 5410 km. The huge size of the Ob River catchment and diverse natural resources of the region give rise to numerous anthropogenic factors affecting aquatic ecosystems. The patterns of longitudinal changes in the composition aquatic communities are still uncertain, especially for large rivers. To assess the role of environmental factors in the structure of communities, we analyzed longitudinal changes in the species richness, abundance, and biomass of macroinvertebrate communities along a 3363-km section of the Ob River. The trends of longitudinal changes in macroinvertebrate communities differed significantly on sandy, silty, and rocky substrates. For sandy substrates, an important factor in the separation of communities was the Novosibirsk Reservoir, for rocky substrates—the influence of the Altai Mountains, and for silty substrates—the location of large cities. The results emphasize the importance of taking into account the differences in bottom sediments and the patterns of longitudinal changes in bottom communities for bio-assessment of the ecological status of large rivers. Overall, we propose macroinvertebrates for bioindication along the Ob River, with regard to type, anthropogenic impact, stress factors, and response of benthic communities.

Fish resources of the Novosibirsk region: current state of the fishery

There are 22 species of fish were noted, however, only 15 species included in the fishing statistics in 13 commercial units are covered by the fishery in the Novosibirsk region. The main commercial value are fishes of the genus Carassius (Carassius carassius and C. gibelio) — 27.4% of fish catches in the region, perch Perca fluviatilis — 21.0%, Common carp Cyprinus carpio — 17.7% and roach Rutilus rutilus — 12.1%. Freshwater bream Abramis brama, providing 83.4% of the volume of fish production in the Novosibirsk reservoir and 58.3% in the Ob river, makes up only 8.0% of the catches in the whole region. The main volume of fish catch in the Novosibirsk region is provided by Lake Chany. There are almost 17% more fish are caught than in other water bodies in aggregate. The total catch in the region over the past 5 years amounted to 41.8 thousand tons. At the same time, a significant increase in catches is observed over this period — more than 1.9 times, from 5.4 to 10.3 thousand tons per year. However, the potential volumes of fish production in the Novosibirsk region significantly exceed the fact catches and over the past 5 years have been determined in the amount of 57.2 thousand tons. The main reason of the fish stocks underutilization is, first of all, the existing system of fishery organization — where there are few fishers, the development of stocks is much higher. In addition, the intensity of fishing for some species is greatly influenced by the market price of its.

Diatoms of the Novosibirsk reservoir as indicators of the quality of its waters

According to the saprobity of diatoms, the water quality in 2016–2017 in the upper zone of the Novosibirsk reservoir met the category of “satisfactory cleanliness”. In the middle and lower parts in 2017 – “satisfactory cleanliness”, except for 2016, where it was “polluted”. In Berdsky Bay, water in 2016 was classified as “satisfactory purity”, and in 2017 it was «polluted».

The influence of ecological features of the Novosibirsk reservoir on its infection with Metorchis bilis

The West Siberian region is the focus of the spread of opisthorchiasis. The first intermediate hosts of these trematodes are pregill gastropods of the fam. Bithyniidae (Gray, 1857). Mollusks eat the eggs of these parasites, and after a cycle of asexual reproduction, opisthorchid larvae (cercariae) emerge from them, which swim in the water and penetrate into the bodies of fish through the skin. Danger for humans and carnivores is represented by fish of carp species (second intermediate hosts), but most often parasites of this fam. Opisthorchidae (Loose, 1899) occur in the ide (Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus, 1758)). The article presents data on the modern ichthyoparasitological state of the ide from the Novosibirsk reservoir and its abundance in the reservoir, on the places of mass accumulation of fish and mollusks in the reservoir, and describes the feeding habits of the studied fish. The relationship between the trophic preferences of this fish species and the indicators of its infection with opisthorchids is revealed: the ide, which feeds mainly on mollusks, lives in those parts of the reservoir where it can satisfy its needs, being in the zone of maximum risk of infection with trematode cercariae. The article explains the surge in infection of an ide from the reservoir with the trematode Methorchis bilis (Braun, 1890) in 2020. The hydrological regime of the reservoir, which is unfavorable for gastropod mollusks, and the presence of an alien species of gastropods Viviparus viviparus (Linnaeus, 1752) competing with bithyniids, as a rule, restrains the growth in abundance molluscs fam. Bithyniidae, which also affects the distribution of opisthorchiasis in fish, however, favorable conditions in 2020 allowed the population of mollusks to increase their numbers, which caused an increase in invasion rates in ide.

ОЦЕНКА ФИЛЬТРАЦИОННОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ РЕЧНОЙ ЖИВОРОДКИ VIVIPARUS VIVIPARUS (L.) ПО ПОКАЗАТЕЛЮ ОПТИЧЕСКОЙ ПЛОТНОСТИ КУЛЬТУРЫ ХЛОРЕЛЛЫ

The role of natural self-purification processes aimed at restoring water original properties and composition increases in conditions of high anthropogenic pressure on freshwater ecosystems. A significant contribution to these processes is made by filter-feeding hydrobionts, which can deposit suspended particles from water column. A main part of the research in this area is devoted to filter-feeding mollusks – bivalves and gastropods, but gastropods are less studied. The data obtained during the experimental study of the filtration activity effect of the river Viviparus viviparus (L.) on the change in the optical density of the suspension of the unicellular algae Chlorella sp. are presented in this pa-per. The results showed that the average value of optical density of Сhlorella suspension in the presence of the mol-lusk decreased by 2 times, from (0.151 ± 0.0090) to (0.068 ± 0.0400) B. Various changes in optical density in each of the experimental glasses are associated primarily with the unequal physiological state of the mollusks. It was sug-gested that numerous populations formed as a result of V. viviparus invasion into the Novosibirsk Reservoir are able to change water quality, potentially affecting the functioning of the reservoir ecosystem.

Dynamics of processing of the Novosibirsk reservoir banks

Development of territories from ancient times implied the presence of the most important component of life for all mankind: water. Man has always used the attractiveness of coastal living, which is associated not only with aesthetic perception, but also with production needs and quality standard of living. Thus, with the increase in human needs for water, the development of energy, transport, agricultural infrastructure, and the development of territories on the banks of rivers, lakes and seas increased. The creation of hydroelectric power plants became a powerful impetus in the development of energy in the XX century. Some of them were built as a result of the complex construction of a hydroelectric complex on flat rivers. After the creation of large reservoirs, the reformation of the shores invariably takes place. The city of Novosibirsk is the third largest city in Russia and it is quite natural that every year there is a population growth associated with the migration of residents from the nearby regions, Altai and Trans-Baikal Territories, and the northern regions of our country. The purpose of this work is to assess the current state of the banks of the Novosibirsk Reservoir and to predict shoreline reshaping. As a result of the work performed, data were obtained on the reformation of the coastline and the coastal destruction. The analysis was carried out at intervals of 50 years. The obtained materials are used and can be used to coordinate the placement of construction objects, allocation of land and preservation of land in the used territory, allotted for any type of use.

Environmental assessment of the estimated dredging volumes on the Ob River

The object of the study is the impact of dredging in the Ob riverbed on individual components of the environment, in particular, ichthyofauna. The volumes of transit and capital dredging in the river channel on the crossing sections that are difficult for navigation have been determined and substantiated. To calculate the damage, a method to determine the loss of ichthyofauna was used, taking into account the death of benthic and planktonic organisms in turbidity plumes and on the bottom areas subjected to development by dredgers and buried under dumped fills. It has been established that the greatest losses of ichthyomass will occur in the sections of the Upper Ob (up to the Novosibirsk reservoir) and the Middle Ob (up to the mouth of the Tom River), which is explained by the presence of numerous crossovers that impede navigation and require constant dredging. In the Lower Ob, the negative impact on benthos, plankton and ichthyofauna will be insignificant due to the small number of small crossovers. The volumes of dredging in the fairway required to maintain guaranteed depths and dimensions have a certain environmental load, the level of which is not critical for the ecosystems of a large river. However, when creating large-scale capital bypass channels, it can increase sharply in certain years. By reducing the load, a stable shipping lane can be created and the frequency of dredging operations at each of the crossover sections can be reduced. The advantages and disadvantages of the used damage assessment method are noted.

Phytoplankton As an Indicator of the Modern Ecological State of the Novosibirsk Reservoir

Phytoplankton As an Indicator of the Modern Ecological State of the Novosibirsk Reservoir

Ecohydrological mechanism of phytoplankton distribution in the water body

The object of the study is the ecosystem of the Novosibirsk reservoir, which is the largest in Western Siberia. The work is aimed at studying the mechanism of the water quality formation. In limnology, it is usually believed that relatively small and low-flow parts of reservoirs are more susceptible to eutrophication, where water warms up better and phytoplankton biomass is more abundant. In the central part of the Novosibirsk reservoir, the opposite effect is regularly observed. The novelty of the study is in simulation of ecological processes in different aquatories of the Novosibirsk reservoir based on reproduction of biogeochemical cycles for limiting elements. The paradox of phytoplankton development in this reservoir is explained by the peculiarity of hydrothermal processes, which was shown by modeling.

Mass Mortality of Invasive Snails: Impact of Nutrient Release on Littoral Water Quality

Mollusks are the macroinvertebrates most commonly introduced into fresh water. In invaded reservoirs, alien mollusks form a large biomass due to their large size. Climate change, water level regulation, and anthropogenic impacts on the environment lead to the drying up of water bodies and the death of littoral macroinvertebrates. To assess the impact of invasive snail mass mortality on water quality, laboratory experiments on the snail tissue decomposition were performed, the potential release of nutrients into aquatic ecosystems was calculated, and the predicted concentrations of nutrients were verified by field studies. The laboratory experiment showed quick decomposition of the common river snail Viviparus viviparus tissues with release into the environment of ammonium and total phosphorus of 2.72 ± 0.14 mg and 0.10 ± 0.02 mg, respectively, per gram of decomposing tissue. The concentrations of ammonium, nitrates, and total phosphorus at the site of snail death reached 2.70 ± 0.10, 3.13 ± 0.38 and 0.30 ± 0.02 mg/L, respectively. This indicates local contamination of the Novosibirsk reservoir littoral with decomposition products. The aquatic management, water level regulation, and control of undesirable species should take into account the likelihood of water quality decreasing as a result of macroinvertebrate mass mortality.

Manganese accumulation in females and males in muscle tissue and scales of Sander lucioperca of the Novosibirsk Reservoir

Studies on the accumulation of manganese in females and males in the scales and muscle tissue of the Sander lucioperca of the Novosibirsk Reservoir were carried out. Analyzes were taken in a A.M. Nikolaev analytical laboratory of the Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS. The pike perch were divided by gender. Then 34 samples of scales and muscle tissue were taken from them. The manganese content was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry on a Thermo Scientific iCAP-6500 spectrometer. High variability of manganese accumulation in females and males in scales and muscle tissue was revealed. It was found that the concentration of manganese in females scales was 7.7 times higher than in muscle tissue, and in males - 15.7 times. There were no significant differences in manganese content between the genders. The ratio of extreme variants of scales in females and males was 1: 5 and 1: 6, and in muscle tissue - 1: 35 and 1: 30, respectively. The average values of the concentration of manganese in the muscles of the Sander lucioperca of the Novosibirsk reservoir were determined. Differences in the deposition of manganese in muscle tissue in females and males of Sander lucioperca were revealed. The concentration of manganese in the muscles of females was 2 times higher than that of males. The results obtained on the accumulation of manganese in scales and muscle tissue can be used as reference values. The level of metal concentration is characterized by an uneven distribution in the muscles and scales of Sander lucioperca. The research results are suitable for a lifetime assessment of the Sander lucioperca interior. An average positive correlation was found between manganese in females with absolute length and body weight (r = 0.329 and r = 0.311). It was found that the amount of manganese and other heavy metals in the Novosibirsk reservoir is increasing.