Novo Hamburgo Research Articles

A confiança como base para o desenvolvimento no Rio Grande do Sul. Um estudo na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre.

Este artigo tem como tema central o capital social e o desenvolvimento local. Objetivamos investigar a relação existente entre essas variáveis a partir do estudo de três cidades do estado do Rio Grande do Sul; São Leopoldo, Novo Hamburgo e Estância Velha, a fim de responder ao seguinte problema de investigação: É possível que o Capital Social tenha uma influência positiva no desenvolvimento local de três cidades gaúchas? O referencial teórico utilizado contempla autores clássicos como Robert Putnam e Amartya Sen, entre outros no intuito de obter maior aporte teórico para trabalhar as questões de capital social e cultura política relacionadas ao desenvolvimento. A metodologia aplicada no presente trabalho tem como base a análise dos resultados de pesquisas tipo surveys domiciliares, aplicadas nos municípios, com amostras probabilísticas, totalizando 1819 questionários, com erro amostral de 4% e confiança de 95%, bem como pesquisa documental aos sites das referidas prefeituras, IBGE, TCE e FEE. Os resultados obtidos corroboram a ideia inicial, sugerindo que o capital social tem um impacto positiva sobre o desenvolvimento local.

Assessment of susceptibility to landslides through geographic information systems and the logistic regression model

The increase in the frequency of natural disasters in recent years and its consequent social, economic and environmental impacts make it possible to prioritize areas of risk as an essential measure in order to maximize harm reduction. This case study, developed in the city of Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, aims to identify and evaluate areas susceptible to mass movements, through the development of a model based on logistic regression, associated to Geographic Information System (GIS). The construction of the model was based on the use of only four independent variables (slope, geological aspects, pedological aspects and land use and coverage) and a binary variable, which refers to the occurrence of mass movements. In total, 123,308 pixels were used as samples for the logistic regression modeling in SPSS software. As a result, we have the spatialization of a mass movement probability map with 87.3% of the correctly sorted pixels. A validation with the landslide susceptibility map built by the Brazilian Geological Survey was also performed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, indicating a prediction accuracy of 82.5%. This research showed the efficiency of the integrated use of GIS and logistic regression, with emphasis on the relative simplicity of the model, speed of application and good ability to identify areas susceptible to landslides. The proposed model allowed the determination of the probability of occurrence of landslides with good predictive capacity, surpassing the usual model used by the Geological Survey of Brazil (CPRM).

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF FLUORIDE AND ASSOCIATED WITH LEAD IN ANIMAL MODEL AND PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC SUPPLY WATER AND OF THE SINOS RIVER IN THE SOUTH OF BRAZIL

Fluoride related to caries prevention is at the center of a scientific controversy. Studies show that fluoride causes damage to health and the environment, as well as reducing IQ in children. The fluoridation of drinking water, mandatory in Brazil, has repercussions over the whole society. One of our objectives was to know the concentrations of fluoride (F) and toxic metals of Sinos River, treated water and final consumers of the cities of Campo Bom (CB), Novo Hamburgo (NH) and São Leopoldo (SL), as well as the groundwater from Ivoti, located in southern Brazil. We also evaluated in rats the effects of F and, in association with lead (Pb), on thyroid hormones and the Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC). Three groups of rats were exposed to different waters: G1-Control with distilled water (DW); G2-DW with 25ppm (F); G3-DW with 25ppm (F) + 30 ppm (Pb). The Sinos River has an average concentration of 0.0735 mg.L-1 of F. But the F of both the water treated by the ETA of SL as well as in the final consumers of SL had concentrations above 0.9 mg.L-1 (State Ordinance No. 10/1999). In addition, we verified the presence of Pb and Cr (VI) in all types of water. The results with the animals showed a significant difference in T3 (p=0.032) and in T4 (p=0.043) from G3 to G1. In TAC, the difference was significant from G2 to G1 and G3 (p=0.007), showing that F and F with Pb interfere with the endocrine and antioxidant functions of rats. In addition, the fact that there are water fluoridation failures shows that the population is exposed to health risks. We confirm that drinking water fluoridation needs to be demystified and reconsidered as a public health intervention.

Fluidized sand effusion over successive basalt flows of the northwestern Paraná volcanic province

A remarkable sand injectite complex (1 million km2) is hosted in Paraná volcanic province, South America, and is here described. Named Novo Hamburgo Complex, these sand injectites originated by the interaction of several major geological processes, as presently described in Campo Grande and Serra de Maracaju cuesta, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The geologically unique relationship of a major continental flood basalt province with the underlying large freshwater Guarani aquifer – hosted in paleodune sands of the largest known paleoerg – resulted in a network of sand injectites where each basalt lava flow was injected and then covered by sand extrudite. The basaltic lavas were individualized by chemical characteristics and correlated (with cover extrudite) along the escarpment of the cuesta for 10–30 km. After cooling, each volcanic unit underwent prolonged hydrothermal alteration. Porosity vanished by sealing with chalcedony during continued percolation of hot water. The process culminated in the explosive injection and effusion of fluidized sand, resulting in the covering of each lava flow with a sand extrudite. Lavas were sealed in sequence above the underlying aquifer, resulting in the explosive injection and effusion of fluidized sand. The interplay of three major geological features was required in the Cretaceous Paraná Basin to build the geology of Serra de Maracaju and Novo Hamburgo Complex: (1) a huge continental flood basalt province, (2) a huge underlying paleoerg, and (3) a large, underlying Guarani aquifer. An infinite volume of hot water and its vapor was available for the alteration, injection, and effusion processes of sand extrudites. Injection was triggered by residual volcanic heat and possibly earthquakes.

School chess and possible articulations with the Specialized Educational Assistance (SEA) of visually impaired students in the municipal network of Novo Hamburgo

Resumo O Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE) é garantido por lei, contudo, percebe-se como é difícil e desafiador atender a todas as demandas que a educação inclusiva requer. Este artigo pretende identificar os benefícios que o xadrez possa trazer para quem o praticar; relatar a experiência de enxadristas com deficiência visual e a relação destes com essa atividade lúdica, bem como, discutir a possibilidade de integrar o xadrez no atendimento de alunos com deficiência visual da rede escolar municipal de Novo Hamburgo. Para isso, primeiramente, esta pesquisa investiga como a Secretaria Municipal de Educação (SMED), de Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, usa o xadrez com seus alunos e como funciona o AEE no município. Em segundo lugar, apresenta, através de referências, alguns dos benefícios do xadrez para quem o prática. Após isso, relata as narrativas de três enxadristas com deficiência visual e as possíveis articulações destes com o AEE. Finalmente, sugere o xadrez como ferramenta pedagógica. Palavras-chave: Xadrez. Deficientes visuais. Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE). Abstract Specialized Educational Assistance (SEA) is guaranteed by law, however, it is known how difficult and challenging it may be to meet all the demands that inclusive education requires. This article aims to identify the benefits that chess can bring to those who play the game, to report the experience of chess players with visual impairment and their relationship with this playful activity, as well as to discuss the possibility of integrating chess in the care of students with visual impairment in the municipal school network of Novo Hamburgo. For this, firstly, this research presents how the Public Department of Education (SMED), in Novo Hamburgo, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, uses chess with its students and how the SEA works in the municipality. Secondly, introduces, through references, some of the benefits chess can bring to those who practice it. Thirdly, reports the narratives of three visually impaired chess players and possible articulations with the SEA. Finally, suggests chess as a pedagogical tool. Keywords: Chess Game. Visually Impairment. Specialized Educational Assistance (SEA).

Capital social e desempenho institucional no SUAS das cidades de Caxias do Sul e Novo Hamburgo

O presente artigo baseia-se na teoria de Putnam, buscando verificar o impacto do capital social no desempenho institucional do Sistema Único de Assistência Social (SUAS) no Rio Grande do Sul, em especial nas cidades de Caxias do Sul e de Novo Hamburgo. Desta forma, pretendemos demonstrar, comparativamente, a relação entre o acúmulo do capital social e a qualidade do desempenho institucional nas políticas públicas. Utilizamo-nos de pesquisa de opinião pública, tipo survey, por meio de duas baterias de testes nas cidades em tela, totalizando 382 questionários aplicados diretamente aos usuários do SUAS. Neste sentido, estatisticamente foi possível afirmar nossa hipótese, qual seja, que existe relação positiva entre capital social e a qualidade do desempenho institucional nas políticas públicas, assim, na medida em que cresce o estoque de capital social, melhor a população avalia as políticas públicas.

A PERCEPÇÃO DAS JUVENTUDES A RESPEITO DOS SEUS PROCESSOS DE IDENTIDADES E SUAS APROPRIAÇÕES PARA ALÉM DO JOGADOR NEYMAR

O objetivo do texto foi analisar e interpretar a relação entre a construção de identidades e a percepção das juventudes acerca das suas formas de apropriação referentes à figura do jogador Neymar. A presente pesquisa é qualitativa, tendo como referência o paradigma interpretativo. O estudo contou com as entrevistas nos grupos focais, as observações e o diário de campo para analisar os discursos de 29 indivíduos matriculados no ensino médio de uma escola privada em Novo Hamburgo/RS, Brasil. Cada jovem estava inserido em um dos três grupos correspondentes a sua prática sociocultural (Teatro; Grêmio Estudantil; Atletismo). Suas apropriações são permeadas por uma vontade implícita de consumir para aparecer perante a sensação de respeito e aprovação social como maneira de pertencimento àquele espaço. Nesse contexto, o jogador Neymar não possui essa referência e os jovens afirmam não serem influenciados por ele.

Classificação do Uso e Ocupação do Solo com Ênfase em Áreas Urbanas

Urbanization in Brazil occurred in a disorganized way and without observing criteria that could ensure the sustainability of this process, resulting in high population concentrations in large urban centers. In this way, it is recognized the need for an adequate planning that contemplates the economic and social interests and respects the environmental demands. Thus, the present work aims to map the land use and occupancy, with an emphasis in an urban area, having as a case study the municipality of Novo Hamburgo, RS. The methodology is established in two levels of detailing of classes, in which supervised classification and manual vectorization were used, seeking a more accurate specification of the urban areas. Validation was established through two databases: Google Earth and Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS), using the confusion matrix and the Kappa index. The results show the efficiency of the hybrid method for high-resolution images, besides highlighting the existing anthropogenic differences in urban areas. In relation to the use of different databases for validation, close values are also perceived between the two processes, with a Kappa index of 0.928 for data obtained from Google Earth and 0.943 for the RPAS.

Appropriations of Identities in daily lives of high school students from a private school from Novo Haburgo city/RS

This research aims to understand the forms of appropriation of identities in the daily life of 29 high school students of a private school in Novo Hamburgo / RS. In this school, the study made its observations, field journal and interviews in the target groups at their 15 to 18 year olds. It is considered that the forms of appropriations in the daily life of youth occur through the need to belong, to fit in the contexts that are permeated and show the urgency to accept certain characterizations referring to a model, and this is redirected by the order of consumption and which is mediatized in their lives.

Effect of pesticide exposure on total antioxidant capacity and biochemical parameters in Brazilian soybean farmers

Farmers represent a population highly vulnerable to the toxic effects of pesticide exposure. Antioxidant capacity and biochemical parameters have been used as biomarkers of occupational exposure to pesticides. The aim of this study was to evaluate hepatic and renal parameters as well as butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity and ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) considering high and low exposure periods in soybean farmers in southern Brazil. The exposed group consisted of 50 soybean farmers. Two control groups were used, composed by 35 (Novo Hamburgo control group) and 28 (Sertão control group) subjects not exposed to pesticides. Farmers blood samples were collected during the high and low pesticide exposure periods. BChE, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), urea, and creatinine levels were determined. The FRAP assay was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant potential in the exposed group. Considering the exposed group, significantly lower BChE and increased AST activity were observed during high pesticide exposure period as well as higher FRAP, urea and creatinine levels; however, ALT and GGT did not differ between the two periods. When compared with the control groups, only urea and creatinine were higher in the exposed group. The present results indicate that occupational exposure to mixtures of pesticides might elicit adverse effects at the biochemical level. In addition, the study highlights the importance in considering periods of a same crop season with different degree of pesticide exposure during biologic monitoring of these biochemical parameters.

Cogeneration Potential in the Industrial Sector and Gas Emission Reduction: A Case Study

The current paper aims to discuss the potential of sustainable energy management in a decentralized manner by integrating cleaner energy production initiatives using different energy sources as a tool for achieving sustainability. In order to have a robust analysis our methods choose a specific case study based on industrial consumption. In this case, our goal is to conduct a comparative analysis of the use of diesel oil and replacing it with piped natural gas in a cogeneration system at the municipal industrial sector, aimed at local development through cleaner production mechanisms. This paper conduct a survey of the potential for cogeneration in the industrial sector of the municipality of Novo Hamburgo. The results have shown advantages of reducing CO2, CH4, N2O emissions and particulate matter in diesel oil replacement project by natural gas, and the need to maintain the NOx emission rates. Finally, after theoretical studies for our case, we concluded that after the diesel oil replacement for natural gas, the results of emissions would be beneficial and with this choice, it would be achieved a sustainable cleaner energy production.

Analytical solution for the stationary model of pollutant propagation in an aquatic medium

This work presents a new analytical approach for solving pollutant dispersion problems along irregular-shaped water bodies. In this approach, the advection-diffusion equation is expressed in terms of orthogonal curvilinear coordinates, defined by the velocity potential and the corresponding stream function for inviscid flows. The boundary condition rewritten in terms of these new coordinates is reduced to a classical third kind one, i.e., the derivative of the concentration distribution with respect to the stream function is proportional to the numerical value of the local pollutant concentration. The solution obtained from the proposed formulation was employed to simulate pollutant dispersion (thermotolerant coliforms) along the Pampa Creek, a tributary of the Sinos River at the outskirts of Novo Hamburgo city, South Region of Brazil. The results obtained reproduce the qualitative behavior of the expected concentration distribution.

Análise do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor de crianças participantes de um programa mãe-bebê

Objective: To analyze the neuropsychomotor development of children participating in a Mother-baby Program. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 52 children between 6 and 12 months of age, from the Mother-baby Program, an extension project carried out in a deprived community of Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in 2017. The children were selected from the records and to evaluate child development, the Denver II Development Screening Test was applied in the children's home by trained professionals during the period from March to November 2017. Results: The sample consisted of infants born at term (38.52 ± 1.83 weeks), weighing more than 2500g (94.23%; n = 49), who received exclusive breastfeeding (57.70%; n = 30). As to neuropsychomotor development, 30.8% (n = 16) of the children presented suspicious global development, with the most affected domains being language (13.5%; n = 7) and gross motor (11.5%; n = 6). The independent variables that showed an association with suspected delay in neuropsychomotor development were exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.03), number of children (p = 0.01) and marital status (p = 0.04). Conclusion: The majority of the children (69.2%, n = 36) participants in the Mother-baby Program presented adequate neuropsychomotor development compatible with their age group. However, 30% (n = 16) of the children who had neurodevelopment considered suspect had the language and the motor gross as the most affected domains.

Seasonal assessment and apportionment of surface water pollution using multivariate statistical methods: Sinos River, southern Brazil.

Assessment of surface water quality is an issue of currently high importance, especially in polluted rivers which provide water for treatment and distribution as drinking water, as is the case of the Sinos River, southern Brazil. Multivariate statistical techniques allow a better understanding of the seasonal variations in water quality, as well as the source identification and source apportionment of water pollution. In this study, the multivariate statistical techniques of cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), and positive matrix factorization (PMF) were used, along with the Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman's correlation analysis in order to interpret a water quality data set resulting from a monitoring program conducted over a period of almost two years (May 2013 to April 2015). The water samples were collected from the raw water inlet of the municipal water treatment plant (WTP) operated by the Water and Sewage Services of Novo Hamburgo (COMUSA). CA allowed the data to be grouped into three periods (autumn and summer (AUT-SUM); winter (WIN); spring (SPR)). Through the PCA, it was possible to identify that the most important parameters in contribution to water quality variations are total coliforms (TCOLI) in SUM-AUT, water level (WL), water temperature (WT), and electrical conductivity (EC) in WIN and color (COLOR) and turbidity (TURB) in SPR. PMF was applied to the complete data set and enabled the source apportionment water pollution through three factors, which are related to anthropogenic sources, such as the discharge of domestic sewage (mostly represented by Escherichia coli (ECOLI)), industrial wastewaters, and agriculture runoff. The results provided by this study demonstrate the contribution provided by the use of integrated statistical techniques in the interpretation and understanding of large data sets of water quality, showing also that this approach can be used as an efficient methodology to optimize indicators for water quality assessment.

POSSÍVEIS INTERAÇÕES MEDICAMENTOSAS EM PACIENTES POLIMEDICADOS DE NOVO HAMBURGO, RS, BRASIL

A expectativa de vida da população mundial tem aumentado e consequentemente, tem ocorrido aumento no nível de doenças crônico degenerativas e acréscimo no uso concomitantemente de medicamentos, caracterizando a polifarmácia, o que aumenta o risco de interações medicamentosas (IM). Desta forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar possíveis IM entre os medicamentos utilizados por um grupo de pacientes polimedicados de Novo Hamburgo, RS. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com voluntários de um projeto de pesquisa durante sua entrevista inicial. Foram avaliados dados sócio-demográficos, patologias, medicamentos utilizados e suas IM. As doenças de base foram classificadas de acordo com o código internacional de doenças (CID-10) e os medicamentos utilizados classificados conforme os padrões Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC). As IM foram identificadas e classificadas conforme literatura e pelo sistema Micromedex®. Participaram do estudo 67 pacientes (62±9 anos, maioria do sexo feminino,74,6%), sendo que 76,1% dos pacientes apresentaram probabilidade de desenvolverem algum tipo de IM. Ao todo foram identificadas 157 possíveis IM, sendo 3,0±2,2 interações por paciente. Destas, 69,4% foram consideradas moderadas, 19,8% graves e 10,8% leves. 51,6% das interações ocorrem por mecanismo farmacodinâmico, 31,9% farmacocinético e 16,5% apresentam ambos mecanismos. A IM mais prevalente foi entre ácido acetilsalicílico e hidroclorotiazida. A maioria das IM identificadas foi do tipo grave ou moderada, com riscos consideráveis à saúde do paciente. Assim, as IM identificadas podem comprometer a segurança do paciente, evidenciando a relevância deste tema e a necessidade de avaliar e monitorar a terapêutica medicamentosa.

Molecular Method Confirms Canine Leishmania Infection Detected by Serological Methods in Non-Endemic Area of Brazil

In Brazil, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is expanding and becoming urbanized, especially in non-endemic areas such as the State of Rio Grande do Sul. Considering that infected dogs are the main reservoir for zoonotic VL, this study evaluated the prevalence of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, a new area of expansion of VL in Brazil. Serum and plasma from 405 asymptomatic dogs from the municipalities of Canoas (n=107), São Leopoldo (n=216), and Novo Hamburgo (n=82) were tested for CVL using immunochromatographic (DPP®) and ELISA EIE® assays (2 assays officially adopted by the Brazilian government for the diagnosis of CVL) and real-time PCR to confirm the results. There was no agreement among serological and real-time PCR results, indicating that the Leishmania infection in asymptomatic animals with low parasite load, confirmed by negative parasitological tests (smears and parasite culture), need to be evaluated by molecular methods. The prevalence of LVC in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre, confirmed by real-time PCR was 4% (5.6% in Canoas and 4.6% in São Leopoldo). The use of molecular method is essential for accurate diagnosis of CVL, especially in asymptomatic dogs in non-endemic areas.

Key features of governance in brazilian science and technology parks

The situation of Brazilian Science and Technology Parks (STPs) operation led to the field research. Even with the public policy of stimulus and support of associations, nothing has been mapped on the dissemination of results (economic growth and regional development). This scenario instigates the question: What are the governance characteristics of Brazilian Science and Technology Parks? A empirical field research was developed, taking into consideration the possibility of replication trought the registration of the choice criteria in the multiple cases and trought research detalhes and data colection. Eight STPs (TECNOPUC - Porto Alegre, Valetec - Novo Hamburgo, Tecnosinos - Sao Leopoldo, Unicamp, CIATEC and TECHNOPARK - Campinas, Rio Park - Rio de Janeiro and SergipeTec) participated in research. The results and considerations about the research question allows to infer the little effectiveness of governance (without qualitative or quantitative performance indicators) is possibly caused by tensions characterized by elements such as heterogeneity in characteristics of organizations that are part of STPs, lack of consensus on common goals, pressure forces and influences affecting trusts, nonconformity standards and personal and organizational preferences. Leadership relations championed by the government and / or companies can negatively influence the STP's performance as a whole.

Key Features of Governance in Brazilian Science and Technology Parks

The situation of Brazilian Science and Technology Parks (STPs) operation led to the field research. Even with the public policy of stimulus and support of associations, nothing has been mapped on the dissemination of results (economic growth and regional development). This scenario instigates the question: What are the governance characteristics of Brazilian Science and Technology Parks? A empirical field research was developed, taking into consideration the possibility of replication trought the registration of the choice criteria in the multiple cases and trought research detalhes and data colection. Eight STPs (TECNOPUC - Porto Alegre, Valetec - Novo Hamburgo, Tecnosinos - Sao Leopoldo, Unicamp, CIATEC and TECHNOPARK - Campinas, Rio Park - Rio de Janeiro and SergipeTec) participated in research. The results and considerations about the research question allows to infer the little effectiveness of governance (without qualitative or quantitative performance indicators) is possibly caused by tensions characterized by elements such as heterogeneity in characteristics of organizations that are part of STPs, lack of consensus on common goals, pressure forces and influences affecting trusts, nonconformity standards and personal and organizational preferences. Leadership relations championed by the government and / or companies can negatively influence the STP's performance as a whole.

Internações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária em Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul

Objetivos: O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar a tendência das internações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária (ICSAP) em Novo Hamburgo, comparando-a com o restante do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, e relacionando-a com os investimentos financeiros em saúde e a cobertura da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) no município, no período de 1998 a 2012. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo ecológico. Os dados foram coletados do Sistema de Internações Hospitalares do SUS. As causas de ICSAP foram baseadas na lista do Ministério da Saúde. A tendência das ICSAP em Novo Hamburgo e no restante do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul foram analisadas por meio dos seus coeficientes padronizados, pelas médias móveis a cada três anos e pela Regressão Binomial Negativa. Foi realizada análise de correlação entre as variáveis de interesse. Resultados: Apesar do aumento de 329,26% nos investimentos financeiros e da expansão da cobertura por ESF no período, atingindo 20,20% da população, não houve diminuição nas tendências dos coeficientes de ICSAP em Novo Hamburgo. No restante do Rio Grande do Sul houve redução nas ICSAP, contudo, os coeficientes foram maiores do que em Novo Hamburgo no período estudado. Conclusões: Embora no presente estudo não tenha sido encontrada associação entre a diminuição nos coeficientes de ICSAP com o aumento da cobertura pela ESF, incremento do investimento financeiro em saúde, investimento financeiro em APS e o gasto per capita em saúde, há evidências que estes estejam correlacionados. Provavelmente, a cobertura de ESF não foi suficiente para impactar as ICSAP.

O parecer escolar descritivo sob um olhar enunciativo

Based on Benveniste’s theory of enunciation, this article analyzes the effects of meaning resulting from the syntagmatic linearization performed by the speaker in elementary school descriptive assessments. We focused specifically on the subject arising from teachers’ speeches and on the “you” established by the speaker at the time of enunciation. Our corpus is composed of a student’s descriptive assessment collected at an elementary school in the city of Novo Hamburgo, Brazil. We analyzed (a) the individual act in which the speaker and the listener are implicated; (b) the situation where the act of enunciation takes place, which constitutes the reference built in speech; and (c) the instruments for carrying out this act, that is, the specific indexes and accessory procedures. Results suggest that the syntagmatic linearizations performed by the teacher-speaker allow for the listener to seize the reference built in speech, particularly the unique and singular character of enunciation. Keywords: enunciation, syntagmatic linearization-semantization, descriptive assessment.