Nourishment Research Articles

Sustenance, nourishment, and cultivation: plants as living cultural heritage for dispersed Chagossians in Mauritius, Seychelles, and the UK

Applying a critical heritage studies approach to plants, this article explores how plant knowledge and use, plant exchange, and plant symbolism and materiality feature in the social life of the dispersed Chagossian community in Mauritius, Seychelles, and the UK. First, plant use helps to sustain collective knowledge in new environmental conditions and social settings. Second, plant exchange nourishes kinship and other social relationships within the extended community. Third, plant symbolism and materiality cultivate nostalgic links to idealized homelands in the context of community dispersal. Nevertheless, the capacity of plants to contribute to these social processes is limited by challenges to intergenerational knowledge transmission across time and space, and by environmental, financial, and regulatory constraints on plant migration. The article argues that for the displaced Chagossian community, plants are living cultural heritage with social potential (albeit constrained) in the context of dislocation and loss, ongoing suffering, and geographical dispersal. Maintenir, nourrir et cultiver : les plantes, patrimoine culturel vivant des Chagossiens disperses a Maurice, aux Seychelles et au Royaume-Uni Resume Le present article applique aux vegetaux l'approche des etudes critiques sur le patrimoine pour explorer la facon dont la connaissance et l'utilisation des plantes, leur echange, leur symbolisme et leur materialite s'inscrivent dans la vie sociale de la diaspora chagossienne a Maurice, aux Seychelles et au Royaume-Uni. Premierement, l'utilisation des plantes sert a maintenir le savoir collectif dans de nouvelles conditions d'environnement et de nouveaux cadres sociaux. Deuxiemement, l’echange de plantes nourrit les liens de parente et autres relations sociales avec la communaute elargie. Troisiemement, le symbolisme et la materialite des plantes cultivent des liens nostalgiques avec un pays natal idealise dans un contexte de dispersion diasporique. Il n'en reste pas moins que la contribution des plantes a ces processus sociaux est limitee par les obstacles a la transmission intergenerationnelle du savoir dans le temps et l'espace et par les restrictions ecologiques, financieres et reglementaires opposees a la migration des vegetaux. L'article fait valoir que pour la communaute chagossienne deplacee, les plantes sont un patrimoine culturel vivant ayant un potentiel social (si restreint soit-il) dans un contexte de dislocation et de perte, de souffrance encore vive et de dispersion geographique.

Concepções de alimentação saudável entre idosos na Universidade Aberta da Terceira Idade da UERJ: normas nutricionais, normas do corpo e normas do cotidiano

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar algumas análises compreensivas acerca das concepções sobre alimentação saudável em um grupo de idosos. A alimentação é uma interface entre o biológico e o cultural, sem limites precisos sobre essa complexa imbricação. Assim, o que pode ser uma alimentação saudável diz respeito tanto às normas fisiológicas do corpo humano como às regras sociais em torno do que é saudável. Este estudo é um recorte das análises sobre as concepções de alimentação saudável de idosos que frequentam universidades da terceira idade, realizadas a partir de pesquisa qualitativa de cunho etnográfico com observação direta nas aulas de nutrição para os idosos. No grupo observado houve produção de uma concepção de alimentação saudável identitária de uma terceira idade que busca envelhecer com menos limitações, portanto, com melhores condições de saúde que proporcionem a possibilidade de diversas experiências na maturidade. Uma comida saudável para os idosos é expressa como "aquela que não faz mal", já que eles percebem que nem todas as comidas fazem bem, que o corpo envelhecido não suporta qualquer excesso alimentar e que as doenças produzem limitações do comer. Havia uma diferença entre a limitação do corpo (norma interna) e as recomendações médicas (norma externa). Ao mesmo tempo, a praticidade aparece como uma determinante da alimentação desses idosos, que, conectados ao ritmo de vida moderno, "não têm tempo para perder". Há um consenso no grupo de que é preciso aprender como se alimentar na idade avançada na busca de um equilíbrio entre as descobertas científicas em prol da longevidade, as exigências do mundo moderno, o envelhecimento do corpo e os prazeres da vida.

Composite coastal protection methods used at Cijin Coast, Taiwan

Cijin Coast has suffered from severe beach erosion and a consequent coastline retreat. To analyze the trend of topographic evolution of Cijin Coast, bathymetric data from field investigation were used and both numerical simulation and physical modeling were implemented in the wave basin to obtain the corresponding parameters that replicate similar phenomena. To protect Cijin Coast, composite coastal protection methods, such as submerged detached breakwaters accompanied with artificial nourishments, were proposed. Parameters used in previous studies were employed to test the proposed protection methods, and the results showed that the methods were effective in preventing the consequent retreat of the coastline. Thus, field construction of the proposed methods was initiated and completed in August 2013. Recent aerial photographs showed that the beach erosion was eliminated, proving the validity of the composite methods.

Cibo e potere in India: prospettive identitarie nella letteratura indiana di lingua inglese

Considering food as nourishment as well as a cultural construction, the paper investigates how it can be conceived as an intercultural means of communication among different communities. In particular, in Dahanu Road by Anosh Irani and in Heat and Dust by Ruth Prawer Jhabvala food is a discourse, which is used as an instrument of subjugation or emancipation in Indian-Parsi and Indian–British relations, respectively.

Immunonutrition: role in critical illness

It has widely spread that critical illness is characterized as a state of immunosuppression and inflammation, and patients are unable to provide their own nourishment. So it has lead to the development of nutritional support products or interventions designed to enhance the host immune response and/or suppress the inflammation. But there′s still a lot of controversy about immunonutrition in critically ill patients. This paper reviewed the research status of immunonutrition and nutritional support products. Key words: Immunonutrition; Critical illness

Enamel thickness and trace elements: a new approach to the paleonutritional study

The paleonutrition study of ancient people mainly affects the teeth as the outer and the strongest part of the digestive tract, perfused with blood and lymphatic vessels; bring a lot of information that may be useful to understand the nourishment in the past. The aim of this study is to identify possible correlations between the thickness of the enamel and the presence of trace elements as indicators of Palaeolithic diet. The samples came from seven different Sardinian sites dated back to the 3000 bC and 1400 AD. previously subjected to a classical anthropological study, were washed in absolute acetone and rinsed in distilled water. To calculate the amount of enamel on the teeth and its correlation with the dentin, we chose to analyse the samples with micro-CT oriented perpendicular to the occlusal plane with 360° rotation. For the qualitative estimation of trace elements, we used a X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. The study on the thickness of the enamel showed that the total area is approximately uniform and varying the total area, both the area of the enamel and of the dentine proportionally vary. As regards the study of trace elements, the samples showed an almost constant presence of Zinc, Strontium and Manganese due to a diet essentially omnivorous, the enamel appears thicker in the sites where the elements found were Iron, Manganese, Zinc, Copper and Phosphorus reporting to a carnivorous diet. The thickness of the enamel may be affected by the trace elements present in it, so it may be also related to the type of diet. A quantitative study of the elements them- selves could provide, in the near future, more reliable data.

Influence of Bhavana on pharmacognostical parameters of Amalaki Rasayana vis‑a‑vis Amalaki powder

Background: Rasayana is an ancient concept of Ayurveda, attributed to tissue nourishment and rejuvenation. Bhavana is an important Samskara mentioned in classics by which even a small dose of a drug may be made to produce a very high result. Amalaki Rasayana is a herbal formulation mentioned in classics to treat various disorders. Aims: To screen the differences in pharmocognostical profile of Amalaki Churna before and after Bhavana. Materials and Methods: Amalaki Rasayana was prepared by levigating the Amalaki powder seven times with fresh Amalaki juice (squeezed from mature fruits, procured from local market). Results: After Bhavana significant changes were found in epidermal cells, mesocarp cells and fibres. Key words: Amalaki, Bhavana, pharmacognosy, Phyllanthus emblica, rasayana

Determining the Nourishment Knowledge and Habits of the Disabled Children Families

Bu arastirma, engelli cocuk ailelerinin beslenme hakkindaki bilgi, tutum ve davranislarini belirlemek amaciyla hazirlanmistir. Bu arastirmanin evrenini Elazig ili orneklemini ise Elazig ilinde bulunan 3 ozel egitim okulu olusturmaktadir. Verilerin elde edilmesin de dort bolumden olusan anket formu kullanilmistir. Birinci bolumde aileye yonelik kisisel bilgiler 11 madde, ikinci bolumde arastirmaya dahil edilen cocuga yonelik kisisel bilgiler 5 madde, ucuncu bolumde gunluk beslenmeye ait bilgiler 3 madde ve dorduncu bolumde cocugun beslenme davranislarina iliskin bilgilere yonelik olcekli 11 sorudan olusmaktadir. Arastirma icin 250 anket ailelere gonderilmis ancak bunlarin 122 tanesi geri donmustur. Arastirmada verilerin analizinde SPSS 15 istatistik programi kullanilmis, anlamlilik duzeyi P < 0,05 olarak alinmistir. Istatistiksel analiz olarak arastirmaya dahil edilen cocuklarin ve ailelerin kisisel bilgilerini ve gunluk beslenme bilgilerine iliskin frekans ve yuzde dagilimlari gosterilmistir. Diger faktorlerle olcekten alinan puan arasindaki farklarin tespitinde ise “t testi” ve “tek yonlu varyans analizi” (anova testi) uygulanmistir. Sonuc olarak arastirmaya katilan ailelerin cocuklarinin beslenme davranislarina iliskin bilgilere yonelik olcekten elde ettikleri puan ortalamalarinin dusuk oldugu gorulmektedir. Bu da arastirmaya dahil edilen cocuklarin ailelerinin beslenmeye yonelik tutumlarinin dusuk oldugunu gostermektedir. Arastirma grubumuzu olusturan bu ozel grubun beslenme bilgilerine sahip olarak saglikli beslenmeleri hem kendi sagliklari hem de gelecek kusaklar acisindanda onemli olacaktir

The role of myocardial metabolism activating drugs in children with severe angiocardiopathy

Myocardial metabolism activating drugs can increase the energy supply and decrease the energy consumption of the myocardial cells,playing a role in the nourishment and protection of cardiac muscles and the optimization of the energy metabolism.It is the adjuvant drug in treatment of myocarditis,myocardiosis,severe arrhythmia,acute or chronic heart failure and cardiosurgery,with an irreplaceable role in the salvage therapy of severe angiocardiopathy.Due to its safety and little side effects,it has been widely used in pediatrics. Key words: Myocardial metabolism activating drugs; Angiocardiopathy ; Children

Use of Alzheimer family support group by community-residing caregivers

This paper describes the author’s experience as a new co-facilitator for an Alzheimer’s Disease Family Support Group and reviews the preliminary phase of group practice and the dynamics of the beginning phase of co-facilitating the Alzheimer’s Family Support Group. The paper reviews the needs that Alzheimer Support Group would meet, purpose of the group, agency and sponsorship support for Alzheimer Support Group, recruitment, group composition, group timing and structure, leadership of group, orientation of group members, content of group meetings, group sessions, and anticipated obstacles, and concludes with the importance of empowerment-oriented social workers who share the message that change is possible with others who are struggling, while working side-by-side with them to achieve changes and provide a new beginning – a new path for caregivers – a path of self discovery. As Alzheimer’s disease progresses caregivers and loved ones of people with the disease are often challenged on a daily basis – emotionally, mentally, and physically. Being with other people in similar situations encourages group members to share information, exchange coping skills, give and receive mutual support, vent their frustrations and share their success stories. Caregiving for a person with cognitive impairments can be a very difficult task, but knowing that you are ‘all in the same boat’ provides the life preserver to the caregiver – giving nourishment to the soul.

The Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition: Its Philosophy and a Brief History

Each Editor-in-Chief will undoubtedly bring a particular perspective to APJCN which reflects personal strengths and interests, the socio-cultural and biomedical context of the day, how best to promote the Journal and grow its readership and how to ensure its long-term sustainability. Nevertheless, there is an original rationale for the Journal which might be regarded as its imprimatur. This was firstly that nutritional practice was poorly developed among medical graduates in the Asia Pacific region. It was also liable to be driven by pseudo-science and ill-conceived nutritional products. Where clinical nutrition was best developed was in enteral and parenteral nutrition, where each of the founding editors had relevant research and practice experience. But each recognized and also practiced a broader kind of clinical nutrition which embraced the understanding that all body functions and systems must, by their very nature, depend on the nourishment of the individual and its ecosystem dependence. In the early editorials of APJCN, which were jointly written by the Editors, the notion of Clinical Nutrition as a discipline in its own right, but multidimensional in the sense of its food and health systems, it's economic and its public health reach, was developed.

Effect of synthesizes recovery nursing on patients after stomach cancer surgery

Objective To observe the influence of the synthesis rehabilitation nursing such as psychology nursing union with kinesio-therapy and diet therapy to the stomach cancer patients after surgery on psychology condition, nutritional status, quality of life and expense. Methods Divided 206 stomach cancer patients after surgery into the rehabilitation group and the control group randomly （each group had 103 examples）, give the rehabilitation group synthetic recover nursing interruption, included sufferer＇ s education, mental nursing, exercise therapy and food therapy etc, adopt Zung＇ s self-rating anxiety scale （SAS）, self-rating depression scale （SDS） and life quality scale, respectively evaluated the SAS, SDS and life quality and the charge on the time before interfering and half year after interruption; respectively examined the white blood cell count, platelet count, albumin, pre-albumin and C-reactive protein at the time first day after divided as well as half year after interruption, and compared with the control group. Results Two sets of sufferers＇ SAS and SDS grade before interruption had significant difference to the domestic norm （t =4. 11,8.06; P 〈0. 01 ） ; After interruption, the rehabilitation group＇ s nutritive index, such as SAS grade, SDS grade （t = 2.42,2.25;P〈0.05）, serum albumin （t =4.00,P〈0.01）, hemoglobin （t=2.04,P〈0. 05） and the charge （ t = 3.04, P 〈 0. 01 ） had significant difference with the control group, the life quality is obviously higher than the control group （t = 2. 67, P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusions Syntheses nursing such as psychology nursing union with kinesiotherapy and diet therapy will improve mental status and nourishment condition, advance the life quality, cut down hospitalization costs, accelerate recover to the stomach cancer patient after surgery. Key words: Stomach neoplasm; Rehabilitation nursing; Psychology nursing; Kinesio-therapy; Diet therapy

The clinical effects and nursing of enteral nutrition at the initial stage of severe burn injury

Objective To appraise the clinical effects of enteral nutrition at the initial stage of severe burn patients, and Summarize nursing points in the process of enteral nutrition. Methods 39 severe burning cases were collected in Burn Surgery during July 2008 to August 2010, and take the methods of continuous infusion by gravity in early enteral nutrition. Including the bearing to enteral nutrition, the patients'nourishment,the occurrence rate of complication, the time of wound healing and the cure rate were observed. Results In 39severe burning cases, no one occurred fluid and electrolyte disturbance, aspiration and stress ulcer. The increase of bodyweight and the level of serum albumin was high, the rate of complications was low, and the time of wound healing was short. Conclusion The early enteral nutrition after burn injury was more effective to reduce the hypermetabolism response. Early enteral nuzrition in severe burned patients could improve the patients'nourishment, reduce the rate of complications and prompt their recovery earlier. Key words: Severe burn injury; Early enteral nutrition; Nursing

Nourishment While Fasting

Nourishment While Fasting

Vybrané aspekty výživy u školskej mládeže v Slovenskej republike

Adekvátna výživa je významným predpokladom rastu počas adolescencie. Skladba jedál by mala zodpovedať základnej potravinovej pyramíde a mala by byť v súlade s odporúčanými výživovými dávkami pre príslušnú vekovú kategóriu a pohlavie. Projekt Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) predstavuje jednu z prvých medzinárodných prierezových štúdii zameraných na zdravie adolescentov a ich správanie súvisiace so zdravím.Cieľom príspevku je prezentovať niektoré zistenia v oblasti stravovacích návykov a správaním súvisiacim so stravou vyplývajúce z prieskumu HBSC, ktorý sa realizoval v cieľovej skupine adolescentov vo veku 11, 13 a 15 rokov na Slovensku v roku 2006.Údaje boli získané v školských triedach metódou anonymného štandardizovaného dotazníka. Súbor pozostával z 3 882 respondentov (z toho 46,3 % chlapcov) v troch vekových skupinách 11ročných (1 298 respondentov) - 13ročných (1 327 respondentov) - 15ročných (1 252 respondentov). Prieskum sa uskutočnil v priebehu mesiaca júna v roku 2006 na základných školách, v spolupráci s 36 regionálnymi úradmi verejného zdravotníctva v SR.V rámci analýzy boli premenné dichotomizované rovnakým spôsobom, aký bol použitý pri vypracovaní medzinárodnej správy. Percentuálne údaje sú prezentované formou grafov, pričom boli pre porovnanie pridané i údaje z medzinárodnej správy (HBSC priemer). Štatistická významnosť rodových a vekových rozdielov bola analyzovaná pomocou logistickej regresie a vyjadrená pomerom pravdepodobností (odds ratio) s príslušným intervalom spoľahlivosti.Pitie presladených nápojov u slovenských detí v porovnaní s priemerom HBSC je výrazne vyšší (o 10 %) vo všetkých rodových a vekových skupinách. U chlapcov došlo výraznému nárastu zo 34 % vo vekovej skupine 11ročných na 43 % u 15ročných.Výskyt nadhmotnosti a obezity u školákov na Slovensku nepresiahol 10 %, pričom zistený výskyt predstavoval len asi polovicu priemeru HBSC. Vo všetkých vekových skupinách chlapci vo výskyte nadhmotnosti a obezity výrazne prevyšovali dievčatá.Výskyt aktivít na redukciu hmotnosti štatisticky signifikantne vzrástl s vekom u dievčat až na dvojnásobok vo vekovej skupine 15ročných v porovnaní s 11ročnými (z 9 % na 18 %). Dievčatá sa častejšie ako chlapci vnímali ako tučné, pričom rozdiel bol signifikantný vo vekovej skupine 13ročných a 15ročnýchPočet respondentov, ktorí udávali každodennú telesnú aktivitu, sa pohyboval medzi 51 % (11 a 13roční chlapci) a 29 % (15ročné dievčatá). V porovnaní s priemerom HBSC bol výskyt na Slovensku výrazne vyšší u oboch pohlaví ako aj u všetkých troch vekových skupín.

Výživa a stravovací režim romských dětí v Ústeckém kraji

V poslednich deseti letech byla na PF UJEP v Usti n. L. věnovana zvýsena pozornost problematice výživy a výživovým zvyklostem skolnich děti v zavislosti na životni urovni rodiny a vlivu prostředi. V letech 1998-2002 se staly předmětem výzkumu take výživove zvyklosti děti z rodin etnických Romů ve vybraných městech Usteckeho kraje, o nichž je znamo, že větsina z nich žije ve znevýhodněných socioekonomických podminkach.Udaje o stravovacich zvyklostech romských děti byly ziskany dotaznikovou metodou. Ke zjistěni nutricnich hodnot stravy byla použita inventorni modifikovana metoda podle Maska (in: Osancova et Hejda, 1974). Ziskaný inventorni seznam týdenniho stravovani jednotlivých děti (potravin a jidel) byl zpracovan na pocitacovem programu Výživa (Kotěsovec et al., 1993). Udaje o stavu výživy romských děti byly doplněny výsledky antropologickeho výzkumu.Výsledky ukazuji, že v roce 2002 se populace romských děti v Usteckem kraji stravuje pravidelněji než v roce 1998, tj. přizpůsobuje se stravovacim zvyklostem majoritni populace předevsim v pravidelnějsi konzumaci tři hlavnich jidel (snidaně, oběd, veceře). Denni přijem živin (nutricni hodnota stravy) naopak vykazuje zhorseni oproti roku 1998. Přijem bilkovin a sacharidů byl shledan nedostatecným, v přijmu hlavnich živin převažovaly tuky. S vyssim přijmem tuků souvisi vysoký přijem cholesterolu (131,4 % doporucene davky). Přijem vlakniny, vitaminu C, B2 a vapniku byl shledan naprosto nedostacujicim. Ve srovnani s dětmi majoritni populace vykazovaly romske děti nezavisle na pohlavi vyssi hodnoty BMI, větsi pocet jedinců s nadvahou a obeznich, a naopak nižsi pocet jedinců s podvahou a hubených.Uvedene výsledky dokladaji potřebu zvýseni zdravotnicke osvěty na skolach v oblasti výživy a prevence neinfekcnich chorob a nutnost osvěty romských žen, aby i za ztižených socioekonomických podminek byly schopny dodržovat zasady racionalni výživy.

The influence of health education on the care level of family caregiver of the bedridden elderly patients

Objective To study the influence of health education on the care level of family caregiver of the bedridden elderly patients.Methods The knowledge on the family nursing and the care technique of 60 caregivers was investigated,such as the daily life behavior training and recovery from illness,nourishment management,psychological nursing and preventing complication with the period of 3 months of training.To compare the caregiver's knowledge of the care technique and the family nursing understanding and the attitude of the training.Results The caregiver's knowledge of the family nursing understanding was significantly higher(P＜0.01).The majority of the caregiver actively participated the training and affirmed the health education necessary.Conclusions The health education to the caregiver can effectively raise their ability of the nursing knowledge to the bedridden elderly patients and raise nursing quality of the family. Key words: Bedridden elderly patients; Caregivers; Health education

La valutazione delle tecniche di difesa costiera attraverso indici di valutazione non-monetaria e monetaria.

The growing interest in coastal defence and initiatives against erosion consider renders increasingly important the choice of defence techniques, not only for the duration of their effects , but also for aesthetic factors and on the use of the beach for recreative, landscape and bathing purposes. This work stems from a previous analysis on the beach nourishment carried out in a bathing resort (Ladispoli) in the province of Rome, where the expense for the beach nourishment seemed acceptable, the objective now is to analyse the problem considering the aesthetic aspect. This involves consideration of the visual effect of defence structures (nourishment, breakwaters, groynes, seawalls, ecc.) measuring the visual impact of the components and comparing complex scenarios, in order to achieve a scale of aesthetic values that can be transformed in monetary values and included in the investment valuation.

A STUDY ABOUT COMPOSITION AND QUALITY CONTROL

Royal jelly is a natural substance and therefore it is subject to issues such as the quality of the product and the strength of the product. It is an expressive substance and there is a limited amount produced. The gland of the nurse bees makes royal jelly. They synthesize it from bee pollen, propolis and other things, and produce it with their enzyme, and then they secrete it into the comb and give it to the queen bee. Royal jelly is secreted by the hypo pharyngeal gland (sometimes called the brood food gland) of young worker (nurse) bees, to feed young larvae and the adult queen bee. Royal jelly is the sole source of nourishment for the queen bee throughout her long and productive life. Royal jelly is always fed directly to the queen or the larvae as it is secreted; it is not stored. This is why it has not been a traditional beekeeping product. The only situation in which harvesting becomes feasible is during queen rearing, when the larvae destined to become queen bees are supplied with an over – abundance of royal jelly. The queen larvae cannot consume the food as feet as it is provided and royal jelly accumulates in the queen cells. The exacts definition of commercially available royal jelly is therefore related to the method of production: it is the food intender for queen bee larvae that are four to five days old.

Analysis of influence of generalization and education about dietetics on health condition of nursing staff in hospitals

Objective To know the meal structure of nursing staff in hospital,and to ensure them have a sufficient ingestion for nutrient elements through eating and drinking,thereby keep their bodies in a good condition.Methods The eduction about dietetics was given to nursing peoples in a hosptal.30 nurses were enrolled randomly,before and after the education on dietetics.Then combination of 24 hour retrospection and account keeping was employed to make a 3 consecutive days' investigation.At last,a comparison of diet alteration before and after the education was carried out.Results Compared with diet before the education,diet after the education changed with much more cereal,egg,legume,vegetable and fruit,with much less meat and oil,with a much higher energy supply proportion from carbohydrate than from fat ( P < 0.01 ) ,with somewhat energy distribution increase in breakfast and somewhat decrease in supper.And compared with nourishment intake reference for diet,after the education,much more protein,mineral,water-soluble vitamin,but much less fat was taken ( P < 0.01).Conclusions Enhancement of diet education is vital for diet improvement for nurses. Key words: Nursing staff; Dietetics education; Meals; Health condition