The purpose of this paper is to explore the problem of English noun countability based on the syntagmatic relation between sentence elements and provide a new cognitive framework for it. For this purpose, this study, at first, gives a brief explanation of English noun countability realized in N/NP. And then, this study explores the problem of English noun countability realized in verbal phrases and adverbial phrases, and finally sums up the problem of English noun countability realized in the combination structure of verbal and adverbial phrases. The results of this study ultimately emphasize the point that the problem of English noun countability must be dealt with within the whole syntactic and semantic structure of a sentence.