Notion Of Interest Research Articles

Will the revisions to GRI 303 improve corporate water reporting? The challenges of defining and operationalising “water stress”

PurposeThis paper aims to examine whether the disclosure obligations in areas of water stress required under the revised Global Reporting Initiative standard (GRI) 303 Water and Effluents, 2018 will improve the quality of corporate water reporting. As a key new requirement is to disclose the impact of water withdrawals from (and discharges to) areas experiencing water stress, the authors examine the ambiguity of the term “water stress” and the extent to which following the GRI’s guidance to use the Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas and/or the Water Risk Filter will enable quality corporate water reporting.Design/methodology/approachThe study is informed by the notion of public interest reporting, on the basis that the provision of contextual water information is in the public interest. To explore the ambiguity of the term “water stress”, the authors conduct a semi-systematic review of hydrology literature on water stress and water stress indices. To explore the efficacy of using the Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas and/or the Water Risk Filter, the authors review the operation and underlying data sources of both databases.FindingsThe term “water stress” has a range of definitions and the indicators of water stress encompass a wide variety of differing factors. The Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas and the Water Risk Filter use a combination of different risk indicators and are based on source data of varying quality and granularity. Further, different weightings of water risk information are available to the user, which yield different evaluations of water stress. A variety of approaches are permitted under GRI 303.Practical implicationsEffective implementation of GRI 303 may be impeded by the ambiguity of the term “water stress”, varying quality and availability of the water stress information and the fact that different water stress calculation options are offered by the water databases. The authors suggest that the GRI closely monitor compliance, implementation approaches and scientific developments in relation to the water stress requirements with a view to providing further guidance and improving future iterations of the standard.Originality/valueWhilst there have been many calls for improved contextual water reporting, few previous studies have explored the challenges to implementing reporting requirements related to the determination of “water stress”.

The child's best interest in gamete donation.

Procreation with donor gametes is widespread and commonly accepted, but it involves ethical questions about the child's best interest. Understanding the historical structures of the moral discussion of gamete donation may contribute to reflecting on the child's best interest. This is why I have analysed the debate on gamete donation in the Netherlands, and this analysis has uncovered some striking discontinuities. Notions of the child's best interest have undergone a radical swing. In the past, it was considered acceptable to conceal the truth about the child's biological origin, but in the past two decades the general opinion has changed to the common belief that this information should be shared with the child. This changed notion of the child's best interest will be analysed using a framework encompassing three views of the child, which derive from the debate on children's rights. These three views each provide a different interpretation of the child's moral and political status. I conclude that the changed notion of the child's best interest results from a view of the child that focuses on autonomy and citizenship, and which frames the child's interests according to its legal status. I comment on this view and I champion an alternative one, namely ‘the embedded child’. This is a relational view based on care ethics that goes beyond what can be articulated in law, and that will help to establish a more balanced interpretation of the child's best interest at the practice and policy levels of gamete donation.

Ascorbate and glutathione independently alleviate arsenate toxicity in brinjal but both require endogenous nitric oxide.

In this study, we have explored the possible role of ascorbic acid (ASC) and glutathione (GSH) in alleviating arsenate (AsV ) toxicity in brinjal roots. Moreover, we have also focused our attention on the possible involvement of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) in accomplishing this task. AsV treatment negatively impacts the length and fresh weight of roots and shoots as well as the dry weight and fitness of roots, and this was accompanied by greater As accumulation in roots and shoots of brinjal. AsV treatment also declined the endogenous NO level by inhibiting Nitric Oxide Synthase-like (NOS-like) activity. Furthermore, AsV stimulated oxidative stress markers, caused protein damage by their carbonylation due to downregulation in antioxidants [particularly ascorbate (AsA)-GSH cycle], leading to disturbed cellular redox status. This, collectively, led to root cell death in brinjal. However, the addition of either ASC or GSH rescued brinjal roots from the toxic effects of AsV in. Interestingly, lycorine (an inhibitor of ASC biosynthesis) further increased AsV toxicity, while ASC rescued its effects. Moreover, buthionine sulphoximine (BSO, an inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis) interestingly increased further AsV toxicity, while GSH rescued the plant from the As toxic effects. An interesting notion of this study was that GSH rescued the toxic effect of lycorine, while ASC rescued the toxic effect of BSO, though the AsV toxicity mediated by either ASC or GSH was always accompanied by high endogenous NO level and NOS-like activity. All together, these results suggest that ASC and GSH independently mitigate AsV toxicity in brinjal roots, but both might be dependent on endogenous NO for accomplishing the AsV toxicity alleviatory tasks.

Community Interest and the International Public Legal Order

Traditional ideas about the private nature of the international legal order are increasingly being forced to contend with the development of public legal elements at the international level. The notion of the international community interest is key to understanding these developments and, as such, has transformed our understanding of international law. There are many different approaches to the public/private distinction in law, broadly categorised into relational, public authority, and interest-based approaches. These can be reduced to four key elements of publicness: the existence of a community or public; the universality of the public regime in question with its own boundaries; normative and institutional hierarchies; the objectivity of obligation and responsibility. The development of the community interest and related norms of international law can be seen to have introduced and strengthened all of these elements of publicness within the international legal system. It is thus on its way to becoming an international public legal order. This has important implications for our understanding of international law and the future development of the international legal order.

Psychopedagogical meanings of the notion of „interest"

Interest is a substructure of personality, that motivational component of personality that is expressed through a positive, active and persevering attitude towards certain objects or activities. The article reflects the most relevant psycho-pedagogical meanings of the notion of interest, from which we deduce the typologies of interests: cognitive and professional. Children / pupils / students must be supported in the accumulation of knowledge, assimilation of the content of educational disciplines, verification of the usefulness of the assimilated knowledge and the rationality of their application in practice. It is necessary to awaken in students the aspiration and the need to always deepen their knowledge, to form new skills, habits, habits and to be guided by them in life. All these actions contribute to the development of intellect, preparation for life and activity in society.

Morpho-syntactic and semantic properties of finiteness in Telugu relative clauses

One of the most challenging and interesting notions in descriptive and theoretical linguistics is finiteness. In Telugu, it doesn’t contribute towards direct analysis and is a complicated phenomenon. This paper explores how different grammatical theories represent the finiteness; the nature of the finiteness in relation to Telugu relative clauses; and how morpho-syntactic and semantic properties decide whether a clause is finite or non-finite. It also investigates the notion of finiteness and formulates criteria to decide it in Telugu. It further explains two types of relative clauses namely Dravidian (Dr) type and Indo-Aryan (IA) type and takes up the Indigenous Dr type first and sees to what extent it meets the criteria for finiteness. Second, the IA type that Telugu and Dr Languages borrowed from Sanskrit is in some ways different from the original IA correlative although it is modelled on that pattern. Dr correlative is always pre-nominal and it uses an interrogative pronoun unlike the correlatives in Hindi and other IA languages which use relative pronouns. However, based on theoretical and empirical evidence, this paper provides a description of both these Telugu relative clauses and explores how finiteness is realized in terms of formal and functional perspectives.

Simple-like independence relations in abstract elementary classes

We introduce and study simple and supersimple independence relations in the context of AECs with a monster model.Theorem 0.1LetKbe an AEC with a monster model.•IfKhas a simple independence relation, thenKdoes not have the 2-tree property.•IfKhas a simple independence relation with the(<ℵ0)-witness property for singletons, thenKdoes not have the tree property.The proof of both facts is done by finding cardinal bounds to classes of small Galois-types over a fixed model that are inconsistent for large subsets. We think that this finer way of counting types is an interesting notion in itself.We characterize supersimple independence relations by finiteness of the Lascar rank under locality assumptions on the independence relation.

Concepto y principio de daño

In this study I will analyze the concept of damage as it is used in tort law. To do this, I will address three questions: first, is there a single concept or multiple concepts of harm? Second, what is the explanatory power of comparative versus non-comparative criteria for determining what constitutes harm? Third, how are the concepts of harm, interest and well-being linked? I propose, first of all, to analyze these three questions on the basis of certain debates held in moral and political philosophy regarding the harm principle. Second, I will defend the hypothesis of the relevance of a generic concept of damage and the advantages of a complex comparative criterion for determining cases of damage. Finally, I will argue that the link between the concept of damage and the notion of interest cannot be sustained independently of certain moral conceptions.

Kilka uwag na temat interesu publicznego jako wartości chronionej – kierunek zmian

The public interest is a value which is and should be protected by law. Therefore, it is important that the concept of public interest has been subjected to the redefinition, due to the changing needs of society. The article presents definitions and concepts of the notion of public interest and its changes over the years. In addition, the selected number of issues in the field of administrative law against the background of the understanding and interpretation of the term of public interest.

Essential Security Interests of States - Some Observations on the Emerging Practice under International Law

This paper tackles the notion of the essential security interest of a State as an exception enshrined in numerous treaties since the beginning of the 20th century. The purpose of the analysis is to establish whether the practice of international courts, tribunals, and other bodies competent to settle the disputes under international law has created any guidelines for interpretation of sometimes vague and discretionary terms used in the wording of essential security interest clauses included in different international treaties. The method is based on the exegetical analysis of jurisprudenceof international courts, tribunals and dispute settlement bodies in cases concerning interpretation of essential security interest clauses. The protection of vital interests of the State, designed as an exception to treaty-based international obligations,has been well established in treaty practice. The wordings of particular essential security interest clauses differ depending on the objects and purposes of the particular treaties, but the core stipulations of the essential security interest clauses remain very similar. The analysis of the judgments, awards and decisions allows to formulate some general conclusions as to the application of essential security interest clauses. Measures allowed under essential security interest exception must be intended toprotect ‘essential security interests’ of the invoking State. Although States remain discretion to define their essential security interests, it must be done in good faith, consistent with the ordinary meaning of the stipulation and treaties’ object and purpose.

Objective and Subjective Factors in Economy and Economics

The paper is aimed to substantiate that in modern economy, besides the market, a public sphere exists and develops according to its inherent non-market logic. This issue is regarded from the point of view of correlation between objective and subjective factors in the economy. The author expounds his conception of these factors’ correlation, the evolution of scientific insights in their role in society, explains the specificity of subjective forces’ functioning judging from the positions of methodological dualism, which combines the principles of individualism and collectivism. The dual nature of human personality combining contradictory fundamentals of instinctive individualism and collectivism acquired in society explains people’s substantial behavioral differences under market conditions and in the public sphere. In the paper the differing importance of objective and subjective factors in the market and non-market spheres of economy is substantiated: the market area is managed mainly by objective regularities, which reduce people’s subjective actions to a common denominator, whereas in the public sphere, on the contrary, the leading role is played by subjective notions of public interests, of benefit and mischief resulting from any intentions, of further development goals and ways. In the final part of the research the author presents his characteristic of the public sphere, which functions besides the market but with the latter demands in view, and therefore requires an in-depth study of its inherent regularities, including the state fulfilling its regulating role in market economy.

Kultura prawna a prawo do dobrej administracji – etyczna analiza problemu

The definition of public administration has evolved due to political and geopolitical changes. In the contemporary literature on the subject, emphasis is placed on the objective and subjective dimension of administration. The perspective of the subjectivity points to such formal and legal concerns as the legal basis of decisions issued or the very process of issuing administrative decisions. The topic of subjectivity, on the other hand, focuses on the relationship between the citizen and the office, as well as between the citizen and the official. This approach also allowed for a permanent introduction of the notions of public good and public interest. Both notions, axiologically, indicate that the main goal of public administration should be to provide efficient and legal service to citizens. The area of administration is not only about the interpretation of dry acts of law, but it also deals with the relationship between the citizen and the official, as well as between the officials themselves, and between the official and the superior under the employment relationship. Good administration consists of all these relationships. The aim of the article is to reflect on the possibilities of developing good administration in terms of ethics as well as to attempt to answer the question about the conditions that should exist for good administration to be not only a theoretical term, but also a daily implemented practice.

Equi-statistical convergence of a sequence of distribution functions via deferred Nörlund summability mean and associated approximation theorems

In this paper, the notion of statistical point-wise convergence, equi-statistical convergence and statistical uniform convergence of a sequence of distribution functions via the deferred N?rlund summability mean has been introduced, and accordingly an inclusion relation between these interesting notions is established. Moreover, as an application point of view, a new Korovkin-type approximation theorem is proved via the deferred N?rlund equi-statistical convergence for the sequence of distribution functions. Also, some illustrative examples are considered to justify that the proposed theorem is a nontrivial extension of some well established Korovkin-type approximation theorems for sequence of real-valued functions. Finally, a number of interesting cases are highlighted in support of the definitions and outcomes.

What’s in the Middle?

It has long been taken for granted in reference works, grammars and elementary introductions that Ancient Greek had three grammatical voices, active, passive and middle. Yet scholars have always had great difficulty in characterising the middle voice in a straightforward and convincing way, and language learners are often perplexed to find that most of the middles they find in texts fail to exemplify the function, usually involving some notion of self interest, that is typically ascribed to this voice. This article therefore re-examines the Ancient Greek middle, both through the lens of a general survey of “middle voice” functions across languages, and through the analysis of all the medio-passive verb forms attested in Book 1 of Plato’s Republic. &#x0D; The principal observations are that Ancient Greek middles do not represent a regular pattern of usage either from a typological point of view or as employed specifically in Republic 1 (the database is in fact partly extended to other works). Accordingly, the main conclusion is that the Ancient Greek middle is not a grammatical voice sensu stricto, i.e. a regular syntactic alternation applying to all verbs with a given set of properties and expressed by a regular morphological form with a predictable semantic function. Rather, it appears to be a convenient collective name for a large set of “autonomous” verb forms that are either clearly deponent (i.e., have no active counterparts) or that have been lexicalised in a specialised meaning vis-à-vis their supposed active counterparts (i.e., are also deponents in practice, despite appearances). In all probability, therefore, medio-passive morphology, whatever it once represented in terms of function, was recharacterised prehistorically as “passive” morphology, leaving a residue of verbs exhibiting forms with non-passive functions. Presumably, these survived as “middles” only because they had no active counterparts or had been assigned innovative meanings that distinguished them from any formally related actives.

Coming From the Outside: Why Much Feels the Same in 2020 From a Diversity Standpoint

Coming From the Outside: Why Much Feels the Same in 2020 From a Diversity Standpoint

Organizational Communication and Invisibility Strategies and Reducing/Targeting Social Media Visibility

This article begins with discussions about organizational communication, especially in the context of social media. Research in this field tends to emphasize “visibility” as the only desire of organizations in online environments. However, “strategies of invisibility” are also paths adopted by organizations in situations of risk or in the face of the apparent advance of guidelines that contradict the way they expect to be recognized. Our aim is to understand the strategies of organizations in situations requiring invisibility and reducing/targeting visibility on social media. The discussions refer to symbolic interactionism, which is the epistemic foundation of this research. On an empirical level, we conducted in-depth interviews with 17 professionals working in digital communication agencies. The results form a map of strategies for invisibility and reducing/targeting visibility, which indicates the professionalization and several consequences of these processes and resources. Our understanding is that such strategies need discussion in the light of notions of public interest, conformity, and ethics, as the prospect of concealment may represent the non-visibility of issues relevant to society that are losing emphasis, given the refinement of these processes and resources.

Public Truths and Their Legal Protection

In this paper I deal with two key concepts of a modern political theory, i.e. truth and public interest, and examine relationships between them. This subject seems particularly important in the context of the observed crisis of the liberal democracy and the spread of misinformation and fake news. I argue that there is a need to create a public system of protection designed to defend the logical status of those statements which have a value for the society. By using the notion of public interest as a tool for analysis, I demonstrate how such a system might be structured. I suggest employing existing public institutions to construct a system of public protection of the truth, yet supplemented by a coordinating body based on the ombudsman model.

Appeals to ‘the public interest’: How public relations and lobbying create a social license to operate

An organization’s social license to operate depends on how it acts according to social norms, engages with stakeholders, and meets some kind of public interest. As will be discussed, the notion of the public interest is complex. Still, our analysis focuses on the process whereby the notion is communicatively constructed through negotiations where public relations plays an important role. The paper analyzes 58 qualitative interviews with public relations practitioners and lobbyists. We unpack the rhetorical strategies they use when they talk about the public interest and its relation to their organization. The practitioners primarily refer to positive economic consequences created by their employer. Frequently, they conflate the core activity of their organization with the public interest. The theoretical contribution of the paper is in demonstrating the versatility and dynamic aspect of "the public interest" as a tool to create a social license to operate. Beyond the material topic of economy, the practitioners highlighted contributions in areas such as public health, democracy and the environment.

Facing human interconnections: thinking International Relations into the future

Communities on the planet are faced with complex challenges: changing relations within and between human communities, changing relations with ecological and climatic conditions, and shifts in technology-human interconnections. The complex interconnections across issue areas – migration, environmental degradation and new technologies, for example – demand that scholars increasingly think across theories, paradigms, specialisms and disciplines. But how should we ‘hold things together’ as we try to make sense of complex realities in International Relations (IR)? This introductory article to the Special Issue ‘Facing human interconnections: thinking International Relations into the future’ discusses the open thematic of ‘human interconnections’ that is used to loosely structure the contributions. Analysis of human interconnections, as understood here, does not have a precise or fixed definition but is considered an open-ended notion with varied meanings and dimensions. Indeed, the authors engage it here in varied ways to explore their empirical, theoretical and political concerns. Yet, this notion also allows for interesting new questions to be posed on the potential and limits of IR as it faces the future, and debates around how we see interconnections between issue areas and ‘-isms’, how IR constructs ‘humans’ or ‘non-humans’ in interconnections, and what is at stake in bringing to our attention unacknowledged interconnections. Here we set out why human interconnection is an interesting notion to work with and why we need to keep its meaning open-ended. We also provide an account of six different orientations we observe amongst the authors tackling the dynamics of human interconnections in this Special Issue.

La atención de Manuel Revuelta al patrimonio artístico de su Palencia natal

Destacamos una faceta de la labor ingente del Manuel Revuelta que aúna el amor a su tierra natal y su mirada experta de historiador, abordando su atención de los avatares de la conciencia artística en la provincia de Palencia, desarrollada especialmente en un estudio aparecido en 1999. Revuelta parte de una interesante noción de «conciencia artística», que implica no sólo la conservación y cuidado sino la valoración y estudio del patrimonio de una región, con sus implicaciones culturales y religiosas. El recorrido que nos propone centrado en Palencia y el conocimiento de sus tesoros artísticos es a la vez un análisis muy sugerente de la misma historia de España entre el siglo XVIII y los inicios del XX, y cómo se jugaron las relaciones entre la Iglesia, el estado, las nuevas ideas políticas y el valor espiritual y cultural del arte.