Notion Of Complementarity Research Articles

Extra weak bosons in a confining gauge theory with complementarity.

In composite models of weak bosons based on a confining gauge theory, extra weak bosons introduced as composites of scalar constituents are shown to exhibit kinetic mixing interactions describing the vector-meson dominance of the photon and to disguise themselves as massive elementary gauge particles in accord with the notion of complementarity. Detailed discussions are presented for a ${\mathrm{U}(1)}_{\mathrm{em}}^{\mathrm{loc}}$ model with a confined ${\mathrm{SU}(2)}_{L}^{\mathrm{loc}}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{\mathcal{G}}^{\mathrm{loc}}$ gauge symmetry, where ${\mathcal{G}}^{\mathrm{loc}}={\mathcal{SU}(2)}_{L}^{\mathrm{loc}}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{\mathcal{SU}(2)}_{R}^{\mathrm{loc}}$, which is responsible for compositeness of quarks and leptons as well. This phenomenon is also shown to arise in QCD with three flavors, utilizing the diquark degrees of freedom, where the octet baryons and vector mesons are viewed as massive quarks and gluons, respectively.

The Max Delbrück lecture. Light and life: Niels Bohr's legacy to contemporary biology.

On August 15, 1932 Niels Bohr gave opening address of International Congress on Therapy held in Copenhagen. Bohr's title was Light and Life, and his purpose was to draw attention to epistemological implications for life sciences of fundamental changes that quantum theory had brought to conception of natural law (Bohr 1933). He thought that these changes, which extend to very idea of nature of scientific explanation, were important not only for a full appreciation of new situation brought to physics by quantum theory. According to Bohr, these developments had also created an entirely new background for viewing problems of biology, especially as concerns our views on position of living organisms in realm of natural science. In particular, Bohr proposed that notion of complementarity, which he had first presented 5 years earlier at International Congress of Physics in Como, relevant also for physiological and psychological aspects of life. Bohr began his address by stating what nowadays stigmatized as reductionist credo, namely that subtle character of riddle of life notwithstanding, any scientific explanation of biological phenomena necessarily must consist of reducing description of more complex phenomena to that of simpler ones. But, Bohr continued, discovery of an essential limitation of mechanical description of natural phenomena, as revealed by recent development of atomic theory, has lent new interest to old problem of how far program of reductive biological explanations can be carried. Bohr then presented a brief historical account of rise of quantum theory in connection with study of light, which he thought is perhaps least complex of all physical phenomena. Yet, it turned out that despite its lack of complexity, phenomenon of light cannot be given a coherent mechanical explanation, inasmuch as from viewpoint of classical physical theories, the quantum of action . . . must be considered as an irrational notion. The spatial continuity of light propagation, on one hand, and atomicity of light effects on other hand, must, therefore, be considered as complementary aspects of one reality, in sense that each expresses an important feature of phenomena of light. Those aspects are complementary, because, although they are conceptually irreconcilable from a mechanical point of view, they can never be shown to be in direct, or empirical, contradiction. The reason for this that any closer analysis of either wave aspect or particle aspect of light demands mutually exclusive observational arrangements.

Regionalism: A Reform Concept and its Application to Spain

Regionalism is a notably elusive political idea. In the paper an attempt is first made to identify various propositions that are general among contemporary European regionalists: A commitment to territorial reform of a nonfederal character, a belief that regional autonomy promotes political stability and spreads prosperity, and a notion of complementarity between European integration and internal devolution. In the second part of the paper the relevance of these propositions to Spain are considered.

Topological obstructions to gauge-independent descriptions of broken symmetry

When a gauge group G is broken to a subgroup H(phi) by a Higgs scalar phi, a fermion field psi will split into irreducible representations of H(phi). The construction of fields psi/sup i/(phi,psi) that are linear in psi, express the splitting gauge independently, and transform irreducibly with respect to H(phi) is considered. It is found that in some cases the construction is possible while in others there are topological obstructions. Connections with the notion of complementarity are discussed.

Complementarity, context dependence, and quantum logic

Quantum-mechanical event descriptions are context-dependent descriptions. The role of quantum (nondistributive) logic is in the partial ordering of contexts rather than in the ordering of quantum-mechanical events. Moreover, the kind of quantum logic displayed by quantum mechanics can be easily inferred from the general notion of contextuality used in ordinary language. The formalizable core of Bohr's notion of complementarity is the type of context dependence discussed in this paper.

Mind–Body, Causation and Correlation

Contemporary organismic and bio-social accounts of human behavior consider physical and psychological concepts as alternative or complementary linguistic descriptions of the same subject matter. The notion of complementarity is an important part of the organismic physicalistic synthesis which replaces the old duels between mechanism and vitalism, between physiology and psychology. The concept of complementarity comes from Bohr's solution for the difficulty of reconciling classical mechanics with quantum mechanics. He suggested that they are parallel and complementary rather than contradictory ways of looking at the universe. The continuity of the energy transfer according to the electromagnetic theory and the atomicity of light effects are “complementary aspects of one reality in the sense that each expresses an important feature of the phenomena of light, which, although irreconcilable from a mechanical point of view, can never be in direct contradiction, since a closer analysis of one or the other feature in mechanical terms would demand mutually exclusive experimental arrangements” (3).

The notion of complementarity and historical causality

the notion of complementarity and historical causality