Linguistic Notion Research Articles

Exploring Water Quality Assessment through AHP and Picture Fuzzy PROMETHEE - II: An In-Depth Investigation

Effective analysis of water quality is crucial for the well-being of ecosystems and human populations, notably in rivers like Thirumanimutharu. This study advances current methodologies by integrating the picture fuzzy PROMETHEE II approach with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), offering a robust solution to the challenges posed by data ambiguity and imprecision. Born from the fusion of PROMETHEE II with picture fuzzy sets, this innovative method adeptly represents qualitative criteria and linguistic notions inherent in water quality assessment. A practical case study, utilising real water quality data, demonstrates the superior accuracy and durability of the combined picture fuzzy PROMETHEE II and AHP approach compared to traditional methods. These results significantly contribute to our understanding of water quality assessment, providing essential insights for environmental experts and decision-makers. The approach�s efficacy is particularly highlighted in the management and conservation of water resources in the Thirumanimutharu river, emphasising the need for advanced methodologies in environmental conservation and resource management. This research underscores the importance of adopting sophisticated techniques for more informed decision-making, ultimately contributing to the water resources and the preservation of ecological balance in the Thirumanimutharu river and similar water bodies.

Voice, impersonal construction, and zero lexeme: formalization of crucial notions

Abstract The paper considers a relatively rare verbal syntactic construction found in East Sakhalin Ainu and in Lingala: an active form of a transitive verb governs simultaneously a direct object and an agentive complement, has no overt syntactic subject and is in the 3rd person plural. In order to characterize this verb form, three sets of formal linguistic notions are introduced and described: voice (with a calculus of logically possible voice grammemes), impersonal construction, and zero lexeme; many illustrations come from Lingala and Kinyarwanda, as well as several other languages. The verb forms under analysis are shown to be the partial demotional passive.

The child the apple eats: processing of argument structure in Mandarin verb-final sentences

Mandarin Chinese is typologically unusual among the world’s languages in having flexible word order despite a near absence of inflectional morphology. These features of Mandarin challenge conventional linguistic notions such as subject and object and the divide between syntax and semantics. In the present study, we tested monolingual processing of argument structure in Mandarin verb-final sentences, where word order alone is not a reliable cue. We collected participants’ responses to a forced agent-assignment task while measuring their electroencephalography data to capture real-time processing throughout each sentence. We found that sentence interpretation was not informed by word order in the absence of other cues, and while the coverbs BA and BEI were strong signals for agent selection, comprehension was a result of multiple cues. These results challenge previous reports of a linear ranking of cue strength. Event-related potentials showed that BA and BEI impacted participants’ processing even before the verb was read and that role reversal anomalies elicited an N400 effect without a subsequent semantic P600. This study demonstrates that Mandarin sentence comprehension requires online interaction among cues in a language-specific manner, consistent with models that predict crosslinguistic differences in core sentence processing mechanisms.

КЫРГЫЗ ТИЛИНДЕГИ “ЭНЕ” КОНЦЕПТИНЕ ЛИНГВОКОГНИТИВДИК АНАЛИЗ

The paper studies the concept of “Ene” (“Mother”) in the Kyrgyz language. In the theoretical study the research reviews literature on cognitive linguistics, ethnolinguistics and the Kyrgyz history; basic notions of cognitive linguistics are revealed. The cognitive and linguistic nature and linguistic verbalization of the concept of “Ene” (“Mother”) are discussed. Idioms, verbalizing the concept, reveal several cognitive signs and cognitive topics. In the Kyrgyz language, the concept of “Ene” (“Mother”) is perceived through the prism of the natural code, through the image of the sun, the moon, water (the source of life). The Kyrgyz associate mother with their ancient philosophy: concept of “Ene” (“Mother”) is manifested in the sacred image of the ancient Kyrgyz goddess Umay Ene. In the culture of the Kyrgyz and other Turkic peoples, Umay Ene represents the saint symbol of the great mother and protector of the child.

Languaging Ethics in Technology Practice

Ethics as embodied by technology practitioners resists simple definition—particularly as it relates to the interplay of identity, organizational, and professional complexity. In this article, we use the linguistic notion of languaging as an analytic lens to describe how technology and design practitioners negotiate their conception of ethics as they reflect upon their everyday work. We engaged 12 practitioners in individual co-creation workshops, encouraging them to reflect on their ethical role in their everyday work through a series of generative and evaluative activities. We analyzed these data to identify how each practitioner reasoned about ethics through language and artifacts, finding that practitioners used a range of rhetorical tropes to describe their ethical commitments and beliefs in ways that were complex and sometimes contradictory. Across three cases, we describe how ethics was negotiated through language across three key zones of ecological emergence: the practitioners’ “core” beliefs about ethics, internal and external ecological elements that shaped or mediated these core beliefs, and the ultimate boundaries they reported refusing to cross. Building on these findings, we describe how the languaging of ethics reveals opportunities to definitionally and practically engage with ethics in technology ethics research, practice, and education.

Лінгвокультурний концепт ВИНОв українській мовній картині світу

The article deals with the research of the concept as one of the key linguistic notions. The characterization of different approaches to the definition of the notion in "concept" is suggested. The role of the concept in the formation of the national conceptual sphere is discussed. It is noted that the persistent interest of scientists only in certain aspects of the study of the conceptual sphere of "food" necessitates a holistic study of the linguistic and cultural concept of WINE, the study of language units in the synthesis of their semantic and functional specificity, the identification of the peculiarities of the generation of a linguistic sign, as well as the need to outline linguosemiotic and linguocultural of the parameters of the concept, evidenced primarily in literary samples and paremias. The relevance of the chosen topic is determined by the need to expand and significantly deepen knowledge about the linguistic representation of the linguistic and cultural concept WINE in the formation of a model of the Ukrainian mentality, which helps to reveal ways of interaction between the verbal and cultural codes of the nation. The purpose of the scientific work is to study the linguistic and cultural specificity of the concept of WINE in the Ukrainian National Linguistic Worldview. The essence of the concept of "linguistic and cultural concept" and "gastronomic discourse" was clarified in the studio; the linguistic and cultural content of Ukrainian pairs with the concept of WINE is determined; the syntagmatic relations of the name of the concept were analyzed; the mechanism of respondents’ perception of the WINE concept was investigated. The authors researche into the concept WINE (vyno) in Ukrainian linguistic worldview. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that it examines the linguistic and cultural concept of WINE in the Ukrainian linguistic picture of the world. In the work, the elucidation of the features of the linguistic and cultural concept and gastronomic discourse was further developed, the linguistic and cultural content of paremy with the concept WINE was determined, and the syntagmatic connections of the name of the concept were investigated. In the future, we plan to investigate the linguistic and cultural specificity of other concepts related to the gastronomic discourse.

Transitional probability between characters as a component of sentence processing in Chinese

Abstract This study explores the role of transitional probability (TP) in sentence processing in Chinese, a writing system that presents unique challenges due to its character-based structure and lack of word boundaries. The research investigates how the statistical regularities of character meaning, as captured by TP, aid in word segmentation and impact reading comprehension. Utilizing a moving window task, the study examines the processing speed of characters in high versus low TP conditions. Findings reveal that characters in high TP bigram conditions (indicating a consistent semantic association within a bigram) are processed more quickly, underscoring the importance of this statistical property of characters in Chinese sentence reading. These findings challenge conventional notions in Chinese linguistics concerning the relationship between characters, morphemes, and semantics, and suggests an alternative perspective on (and the need for reevaluation of) character-level semantics. The study also highlights the influence of prosodic context on reading speed, indicating that anticipatory linguistic patterns shape reader processing.

Foreword

The diversity of interdisciplinary research has encouraged scholars in the Arab region and in other parts of the world to explore the intersectionality of different disciplines. This exploration of intersectionality requires researchers to move away from traditional approaches and seek innovative ways to address areas of research that may have not yet been investigated or have emerged as new trends. Such endeavors enrich our understanding of existing knowledge and build upon existing information. The current AWEJ for Translation and Literary Studies issue has attracted works from researchers across disciplines and invites readers, both specialized and nonspecialized, to come abreast with new insights around machine translation, the quality of digital communication, crime against children, gender differences, vegetarian ecofeminism, masculine food studies, humanity, the notion of identity, linguistics and standup comedy, emerging Arab women literature, the configuration of the social and cultural aspects of freedom, the restrictions of confinement and the sense of belonging amidst the chaos of war and revolutions. Such a wide spectrum of research work is a reflection of the growing influence of digital technologies in creating opportunities for innovation and the development of new scopes of knowledge. The very concept of cross disciplinary approaches challenges researchers to tap into the grey areas and create novel connections which address both regional and global issues. Encouraging interdisciplinarity stems from the deep conviction that the world today needs unique approaches to understanding current shared challenges such as the frailty of communication between communities, security and safety amidst wars and hunger, identity against the backdrop of political uncertainty, food security, water crisis, and humanitarian crisis. Research that addresses and advances progressive thought processes with groundbreaking insights and or impact is the basis of change. With this in mind, it remains the duty of journals and reviewers to join efforts to create the right basis for quality research and impactful results to emerge

Терминологическая фреймово-сетевая модель концептуально-семантической организации понятий компьютерной лингвистики

The research object is the conceptual and semantic organization of the terminological apparatus, the research subject is the logical and conceptual structure of notions denoted by terms of computational linguistics. The study aims to identify the features of the systemic organization of notions of computational linguistics based on the use of a terminological frame-network model. The paper briefly analyzes the use of the frame approach to modeling the structure of terminological systems by linguists. A terminological frame-network model of the subject area “Computational linguistics” is proposed. The study is illustrated with fragments of the terminological network of frames of the subject area “Synonymy of terms of computational linguistics” presented in the form of diagrams. The work is novel in that it provides an original definition of a terminological network of frames and is the first to formulate the rules for its construction. The research findings showed the possibility of using a terminological frame-network model to analyze the logical and conceptual structure of the subject area “Computational linguistics” and the organization of semantic term-formation processes and lexicosemantic relations in the terminology under study.

Deixis Found In “Good Neighbors-Spongebob Squarepants” Transcription : A Pragmatics Analysis

This research is to analyze deixis in the movie of Good Neighbors of a SpongeBob SquarePants episode from season four . SpongeBob Square Pants (often referred to simply as SpongeBob) is an American animated television series, created by marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg. Whereas deixis is one of the most important notions in general linguistics and is a vital link between the real-life environment around us such as time frame, physical location, people involved, etc and what we actually say the linguistic terms used. The result describes the kinds of deixis and the referents of deixis in Good Neighbor-SpongeBob Squarepants Transcription which finds many referents that show different kinds of deixis. Finally, From the analysis, it is found that the Pronoun Deixis is often used. In almost all conversation the personal pronoun "you" existed. Its pronoun almost refers to the spongebob and squidward. The other personal pronoun was "we" that refers to spongbob and patrick. Besides, the possessive pronoun "our" has the same interpretation. File pronoun of "I"is used. "I" refers to the actor. The actors are SpongeBob, squidward, patrick and etc. Finally, it is many deixis that is used in Good Neighbor of SpongeBob Squarpants. Thus, many deixises that is found in this transcript.

Полифония, эвиденциальность, адмиратив как компоненты семантики языковых выражений (на примере перевода монолога Раскольникова — отрывка из романа Ф.М. Достоевского «Преступление и наказание» — на французский язык)

The article deals with contrasting polyphony in literature and the same notion in lin-guistics. As exemplified by the Russian fiction in F.M. Dostoyevsky’s Crime and Punishment, the present study reveals that the polyphonic character of the text can be also treated as evi-dentiality and/or reactional response combined with mirativity. In order to compare the capaci-ty of expressions of the mentioned categories, a translation of the text extract is being bal-anced against Dostoyevsky’s original text.

New Paradigm on the Investigation of the Prepositions

Meaning is one of the most controversial terms in linguistic theory. It is noteworthy to mention that the understanding of this term does not cause any difficulties as it is freely used in teaching, oral and written translation. However, the scientific definition of meaning has become the subject of endless debate, along with the definitions of some other basic linguistic notions such as word, sentence, phrase, etc. Since there is no generally accepted definition of meaning, we have to limit ourselves to a small study of the problem as it is considered in modern linguistics [Barkhudarov, 1975, p. 50-70]. As for the meaning of the word, there have been attempts to define it by linguists in all periods when linguistics existed as a science. The work on the scientific understanding of the meaning of the word is carried out with the aim of a detailed description of the semantics of the words. In the theory of linguistics, there are different definitions of the meaning of a word, which is due to the existence of different approaches to understanding the meaning. Although there are various theories about the meaning of words, most of them are not suitable to describe the meaning of prepositions.

Ideography, Blissymbolics, standardization, and emergent conformity.

There is an extensive literature on the usage of Blissymbolics in augmentative and alternative communication that contradicts Morin's contention that it fails as an ideography. Morin's notion of "standardization" (target article, sect. X, para. X) is at odds with the highly developed understanding of this notion in linguistics. What Morin seems to have in mind corresponds to the notion of emergence in iterative and multiagent models of language learning.

Generative linguistics: ‘Galilean style’

Generative linguistics is often claimed by Chomsky to have a 'Galilean style', which is intended to position linguistics as a science continuous with standard practise in the natural sciences. These claims, however, are more suggestive than explanatory. The paper will, first, explain just what a Galilean style is. It will then be argued that its application to two key notions in generative linguistics - the competence/performance distinction (with reference to centre-embedding) and the notion of computation - demands a departure from what we might expect of a Galilean style. In this sense, the epithet is misleading. It will also be shown, however, that the 'Galilean' label is appropriate once we factor in the difference between a science concerned with kinematics (the relations between objects in space and time) and one concerned with language.

Un salto nel mondo digitale. Un progetto condiviso e multimediale per l’apprendimento della lingua tedesca

A Leap into the Digital World: A Shared, Multimedia Project in German Language Acquisition. The German saying “jumping into cold water” means that you find yourself in a new situation with no forewarning. Being thrown into the digital universe by the pandemic was similar, but after taking the first few steps and looking for new ideas and useful tools, we discovered various interactive tools which made online lessons more creative. This article illustrates the design, planning and realization of a collective project in 2020 at the University of Bologna Language Centre, using the application Bookcreator. The proposed assignment is part of the traditional curriculum in A1 German courses: learning how to present oneself to others. Transferring the assignment from paper to an online context enriched the whole task and allowed the participants to use a combination of different media. This method stimulated digital storytelling, the narration by means of digital tools, and resulted in the creation of an e-book. This project shows that digital tools can be used not only to convey linguistic notions, but also to increase motivation, autonomy and creativity in experimenting with language.

Parameters and Language Contact: Morphosyntactic Variation in Dutch Dialects

The central issue addressed in this paper is the formal linguistic notion of parameter as a predictor for the (non-)occurrence of multiple linguistic phenomena. We start from a parametric analysis of a microvariational data set and we introduce a way of gauging the success of that analysis. At the same time, we explore to what extent language contact—operationalized here as geographical proximity—can be seen as an explanatory factor that is complementary to the parametric analysis. Methodologically, the paper advocates for the use of k-nearest neighbors classification as an interesting new technique in the linguist’s toolkit.

Speakers’ Gestures and Semantic Analysis

Abstract The fact that an increasing number of scholars are approaching linguistic analysis from a multimodal perspective raises theoretical and methodological questions for the study of semantics. Taking a usage-based perspective, and the position that semantics is based in conceptual structures and processes, we see that gesture use relates to some key notions in cognitive linguistics. Gesture provides cues of possible mental simulation of concepts, it inherently involves spatial imagery, and gestures frequently objectify abstract concepts (through metonymy and metaphor). Both spoken language and gesture are dynamic phenomena, but gesture use relates to the accompanying speech on several time scales at once—concerning the level of words, of phrases, and of larger discourse units. Taking gesture into consideration in semantic analysis calls for rethinking the theoretical models for cognitive semantics, the methods of analysis we use, and the means of presenting those analyses. Currently this rethinking is still in its infancy.

Which linguistic resources for the teaching / learning of French as a foreign language?

This study is truly intended to be a contribution inscribed in a scrupulously didactic context, hence the idea of teaching – learning French as a foreign language in an Algerian context. Our attention is mainly vocalized on the attitude of the learner and his previous achievements in terms of FLE in the secondary cycle. However, it is therefore appropriate to specify from any language task, i.e. the written expression considered as the outcome of any learning from a didactic point of view, the exploitation of its achievements according to a theme whose concept of instruction is already present in all the linguistic-didactic elements supposed to allow him to reorganize his thought and give him the very meaning of a methodology as a common thread from which he can easily take action, this will doubly reflect his ability to acquisition and understanding of the linguistic concept initially implemented from the textual approach. In this sense, we question the fact of believing that the appropriation of such a linguistic notion can no longer be confined to its classic formulation: linguistics and didactics of languages, in particular FLE in an Algerian context. Questioning the different parameters likely to make access to knowledge in French as a foreign language a plausible case, this amounts to asking ourselves about the basic knowledge of the learner and the methods that will allow him to carry out a task; either a language production for which it is advisable to define the strategy engaged and the linguistic resources acquired as the main lever of a mediation, hence the idea of the contribution of linguistics to the teaching of French as a foreign language and the methodological orientations which under -tend the comprehension of the relational lexicon as proof of a use that one can judge satisfactory of the entity FLE in the school circles.

The role of pragmatics in the definition of evidentiality

AbstractThis paper argues that a definition of evidentiality as a linguistic notion should be based on the pragmatic properties of evidential forms and their distribution in spoken discourse. The prevailing definition of evidentiality as signaling “information source” is based on the idea that evidentials encode a solitary speaker’s perception and cognitive processes, but this definition does not fit well with observations regarding the use and distribution of evidentials. A definition of evidentiality in terms of “information source” has largely disregarded evidentials in-use, which is especially true for typologically oriented studies of evidentiality. Recent descriptions of evidentials and evidential systems have shown that evidentials encode meanings related to ownership of knowledge, rather than information source and it is evident from such descriptions that social and interactional parameters are encoded in evidential forms. The attested semantic and pragmatic complexity of evidential systems constitutes an analytical challenge that the present paper aims to address.

How (not) to look for meaning composition in the brain: A reassessment of current experimental paradigms

When we use language, we draw on a finite stock of lexical and functional meanings and grammatical structures to assign meanings to expressions of arbitrary complexity. According to the Principle of Compositionality, the meanings of complex expressions are a function of constituent meanings and syntax, and are generated by the recursive application of one or morecomposition operations. Given their central role in explanatory accounts of human language, it is surprising that relatively little is known about how the brain implements these composition operations in real time. In recent years, neurolinguistics has seen a surge of experiments investigating when and where in the brain meanings are composed. To date, however, neural correlates of composition have not been firmly established. In this article, we focus on studies that set out to find the correlates of linguistic composition. We critically examine the paradigms they employed, laying out the rationale behind each, their strengths and weaknesses. We argue that the still blurry picture of composition in the brain may be partly due to limitations of current experimental designs. We suggest that novel and improved paradigms are needed, and we discuss possible next steps in this direction. At the same time, rethinking the linguistic notion of composition, as based on a tight correspondence between syntax and semantics, might be in order.