Notion Of Exile Research Articles

Franz Rosenzweig’s and Paul Celan’s Early German Translations of Yehudah Halevi’s Hebrew Poems

Abstract My paper examines Franz Rosenzweig’s and Paul Celan’s translations of Yehudah Halevi’s poems, approaching the topic from the perspectives of both translation studies and literary criticism. On the one hand, I will scrutinize Rosenzweig’s and Celan’s translations against the backdrop of their theological approaches. I will also attempt to articulate the translation technique that Celan typically employed throughout his life, while translating from multiple languages into German. On the other hand, I will explore Celan’s implicit departure from Rosenzweig and his choice to specifically translate these two poems in light of his poetics, his notion of exile, and his exclusive choice of using German as his only poetic language.

Exile and Inner-Exile in Euclides da Cunha

In this essay, I analyze the relationship between literature and exile from the point-of-view of the renowned Brazilian engineer and writer Euclides da Cunha (1866-1909). I chose this author for his unique use of the concept of exile pertaining to his own human condition, but also for his paradoxical perspective on the Amazonian rubber tappers during the 1900s. Da Cunha himself did not experience personal displacement in the conventional sense of being expatriated. However, his work and ideas often touched upon the notion of exile, especially in the context of cultural, emotional, and intellectual separation. As a writer, sociologist, and journalist in Brazil, Euclides da Cunha was always critical and provocative. He also held various academic and governmental positions, as his work continued to explore themes related to Brazilian society, history, and culture. And while not a traditionally exiled individual during two dictatorial regimes, his ideas and perspectives sometimes put him at odds with the predominantly intellectual and political norms of fin-de-siècle Brazil. His analytical and critical approach to Brazilian society, as evident in his magnum opus Rebellion in the Backlands (1902), challenged prevailing beliefs and led to conflicts with established authorities. His book exposed the brutality of the government’s military campaign against Canudos and raised questions about the treatment of marginalized communities in Brazil. [Article copies available for a fee from The Transformative Studies Institute. E-mail address: journal@transformativestudies.org Website: http://www.transformativestudies.org ©2024 by The Transformative Studies Institute. All rights reserved.]

European Writers in Exile

European Writers in Exile

THE MEMORY OF EXILE RECOVERED IN THE UTOPIAN BODY OF THE SCENE: THE BODY AND SOUND IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROMETHEUS CHAINED ACCORDING TO ALBERTO KURAPEL (1988

This article analyzes a particular corpus of theater-perfor- mance: Prometheus chained according to Alberto Kurapel, a work released on March 11, 1988 in the Exile Space, Montreal, Canada and published in 1989 by the Humanitas publishing house. From the photographic images and the video of its staging, this analysis focuses attention on the body - on its various constructions / presentations - and on sound understood as a space / body that reveals another reality. Bodies that denote a dis- location caused by the notion of exile, since the actor-performer is the entity in charge of recovering memory in the utopian body of the scene, unraveling its meanings and showing its symbolic depth. The study at- tempts to answer the question: how is the historical memory of exile in Alberto Kurapel's Prometheus constructed with body and sound?

Esters Handlungsmacht in männerdominierten Strukturen

This paper on the book of Esther takes up feminist literary criticism with a special emphasis on the concept of agency. It highlights concrete moments of empowerment of Queen Ester. With the recognition that feminism always underscores the question of power, the figure of Ester is analyzed with regard to the notion of exile and in relation to Mordochai and the king Ahasveros. Where do we find moments of empowerment in this situation of heteronomy?

Anti-Pathos

Anti-Pathos

Memory, writing and narration: The flea markets of memory in Dubravka Ugrešić’s The Museum of Unconditional Surrender

The narrative of Dubravka Ugrešić’s novel The Museum of Unconditional Surrender (1997) revolves around three core motifs: the problem of memory and remembering, the experience of temporality, and the notion of exile, developed in relation to the dichotomy of fact versus fiction. While most theoretical approaches to the novel focus on the motif of exile in the context of dominant ideological patterns of the new national states formed after the breakup of Yugoslavia, this paper represents a shift in interpretative focus to the problem of memory and the experience of temporality in the perspective of the dynamics of history and fiction.

Exílio e liberdade na poesia de Manuel Alegre

O exílio, afastamento forçado da própria pátria (desterro), tem sido sentido e vivido de modo diferente ao longo dos tempos. No século XIX, os românticos enriqueceram semanticamente a palavra ‘exílio’, ligada a perseguições políticas das quais tantos deles foram alvo, com a noção de um exílio existencial representativo da experiência de se sentirem estrangeiros em todo o lado, inclusive na sua própria terra. Todavia existe um exílio que precede estes dois, essencial à condição humana e de matriz judaico-cristã, e que remonta à expulsão de Adão e Eva do Paraíso. Estas três tipologias de exílio, expostas por Claudio Guillén em O Sol dos Desterrados (1995), servir-nos-ão de guia na análise que nos propomos realizar na poesia de Manuel Alegre, exilado em Paris e Argel entre 1964 e 1974. Trata-se de uma poética em que o tema do exílio é permanente e vai no rastro de uma liberdade individual, coletiva e criativa.

Self-Imposed Exile, Marginality, and Homosexuality in the Novels of Abdellah Taïa, Rachid O., and Eyet-Chékib Djaziri

ABSTRACT A burgeoning canon of Maghrebian writers in self-imposed exiled in France has in the last decade begun to openly broach the subject of homosexuality in Arab-Muslim communities of the Maghreb. Novels of writers like Abdellah Taïa, Rachid O. and Eyet-Chékib Djaziri reflect a fascinating trans-Mediterranean construction of homosexual identity. Drawing on Svetlana Boym’s critical work, particularly her observation that nostalgia “charts an affective geography of the native land that often mirrors the melancholic landscapes” of the exiled, this paper analyzes the construction of homosexuality against the notions of exile, nostalgia, and marginality. The novels of these Maghrebian writers highlight nostalgia as both cathartic and paralyzing for “gay” migrant protagonists who find themselves trapped in the subtle seam between a cherished Maghreb that is framed as homophobic in the sexual clash of civilizations and a more liberal yet inauspicious France. The nostalgic contemplation of the constitution of a homosexual subjectivity is read as a critical performance and mainstreaming of hitherto marginalized voices that now subvert and fight back against normalizing discourses of ethnicity, sexual and gender identity as well as nationality.

Remembering French Algeria: Pieds-Noirs, Identity, and Exile by Amy L. Hubbell

Reviews 245 à la différence (216). La Commission Bouchard-Taylor, dont les travaux et recommandations au gouvernement québécois constituent l’armature analytique de cet ouvrage, n’est pas néanmoins dépourvue de toute qualité. Car la promotion de la laïcité, de l’interculturalisme pour mieux faciliter l’intégration des différentes communautés migrantes et les protéger contre toute forme de discrimination relève bien des vertus démocratiques des sociétés modernes.Ce que les auteurs ici reprochent aux commissaires, c’est le caractère vicié et prétentieux de leur démarche qui, non seulement omet de souligner des pratiques interculturelles au Québec vieilles de plus d’un demi-siècle que celle initiée par l’État québécois, mais aussi exacerbent, certes involontairement, la dichotomie entre les Québécois de souche et les nouveaux Québécois. Sarah Lawrence College (NY) Claudy Delné Hubbell, Amy L. Remembering French Algeria: Pieds-Noirs, Identity, and Exile. Lincoln: UP of Nebraska, 2015. ISBN 978-0-80326490-8. Pp. 296. $55. The exodus of nearly one million French Algerians to France around the time of Algeria’s independence had major and understudied cultural, social, and political consequences for both Algeria and France. Hubbell’s book engages the literature that stems from this traumatic event. The flight from Algeria gave form to an exilic community of diverse social and geographic origins known as the Pieds-Noirs. Hubbell explores two notions at the heart of pied-noir literature: loss and memory. Repetition and return are the two tropes or symptoms associated with the loss of Algeria, whatever Algeria might mean for the different authors discussed here and so, appropriately, Hubbell uses a psychoanalytical framework to analyze these same symptoms. Chapter 7 examines the loss of Algeria through the metaphor of the phantom limb. Reading the texts through this rich metaphor (along with that of amputation and prosthetics) captures the complexities and contradictions of what Algeria means to pied-noir writers. In other chapters Hubbell explores the ideas of return, remembering, and repetition, which are, at times, a bit repetitive. While repetition is construed as a symptom of the loss for pied-noir writers, one might also argue that all works of art are based on repetition, whereby the artist/writer engages in repetition in a renewed attempt to capture or express perfection. It would have been interesting to know how pied-noir writing differs or conforms to this general rule. Like repetition, the notion of exile is a common trope associated with human condition. There is a vast scholarly literature on the subject including studies by Freud and even closer to the topic here, Edward Said. Curiously, there is no discussion on the notion of exile as such in the book despite the title. This oversight is curious because one would think that exile as a general theme would resonate with the pied-noir experience and exploring it could shed more light on the questions discussed in the book along with the idea of home. Exile, as a theme and emotion, is the basis of some of the most beautiful and significant texts of world literature; pied-noir literature is not an exception here. The strength of the bond/attachment to Algeria, felt and expressed by the pieds-noirs (like that of the Harkis and so many other Algerian exiles), that of their pain and suffering, and the beautiful pages that have result from that experience, remain, alas, unexamined. One can acknowledge the beauty of the prose and explore, say, Cardinal’s complex attachment to the land while at the same time be critical of her sense of ownership. In the end, Hubbell’s book tackles a challenging topic and does a great job framing and analyzing the pied-noir experience from a mostly psychoanalytic perspective. The stimulating sections where figures such as Derrida and Cixous are examined in their relationship to Algeria, remind us of the much-needed studies of the pied-noir experience and its related literature that remain to be produced. Claremont McKenna College (CA) Fazia Aïtel Jordan, Mark D. Convulsing Bodies: Religion and Resistance in Foucault. Stanford...

Representations of Exile and Return in Palestinian Literature

Given the continued centrality of national identity among Palestinians, despite the absence of a nation-state of their own, and in light of their unfaltering endeavor to reconstitute their society which was destroyed sixty-seven years ago, the notions of exile and return have dominated their understanding of their calamity. Palestinian sociopolitical discourses and literary production have been premised on a presupposition that in the fullness of time their exile would be negated by return, thus leading to a resolution. This article aims to illustrate the evolution of this discourse in light of various, mostly unfavorable, events such as the 1967 War (the Naksah), the 1982 war in Lebanon, and the plo’s exit from Beirut, as well as the early nineties and the Oslo “peace” process. A variety of literary texts, mostly poetry, are discussed as signifying the mutations that this discourse on exile and return has gone through.

The Complications of Exile and Belonging in Malcolm Cowley’s Exile’s Return (1934) and Fawaz Turki’s Exile’s Return (1994)

This paper reconsiders the representation of exile in the memoirs of the American modernist Malcolm Cowley and modern Palestinian writer Fawaz Turki, arguing that against the privileged use of exile by Cowley, Turki represents exile as a catastrophic condition. In so doing, my paper asserts the necessity of accounting for the catastrophic aspect of exile as represented in the modern Palestinian canon for a wider understanding of the notion of exile in the modern discourse. I argue that the modern Palestinian experience of exile as delineated in Turki’s Exile’s Return has tragic, historical and political specificities that disrupt the view of exile as a desired position in the modernist American canon, which Cowley’s Exile’s Return capitalises on. However, this juxtaposition does not look forward to negating or dismissing American modernists’ glorification of exile as a space offering possibilities for freedom, resistance and creativity. Instead, I aim by this juxtaposition to reuse the concept of exile in ways that do not gloss over the differences between various exilic conditions.

Mourid Barghouti’s “multiple displacements”: exile and the national checkpoint in Palestinian literature

The article seeks to demonstrate a post-Saidian theory of Palestinian exile via a close reading of Mourid Barghouti’s memoirs I Saw Ramallah (1997; trans. 2000) and I Was Born There, I Was Born Here (2009; trans. 2011). After outlining Anna Bernard’s objections to Said, it then traces Barghouti’s development of a more fluid, encompassing notion of exile that resists idealization while remaining faithful to the core postcolonial issues of colonial history and the Nakba. By carefully attending to Barghouti’s experiences at Allenby Bridge, it argues that the national checkpoint is a pivotal site where the dynamic of post-Saidian exile is defined. These experiences suggest temporal and generational modes of exile that, supplementing Patrick Williams’s delineation of the various “modes of dispossession experienced by Palestinians”, are central to a wider theorization. I conclude that post-Saidian exile comprises an important new direction for a postcolonial studies attuned to Palestine’s colonial history.

Writing Palestinian Exile: The Politics of Displacement in the Narratives of Mahmoud Darwish, Mourid Barghouti, Raja Shehadeh and Fawaz Turki

This article explores experiences and notions of exile and return as attempts at the reconstruction of identity and nation in Palestinian literature: Raja Shehadeh's Strangers in the House (2002), Mourid Barghouti's I Saw Ramallah (1997), Fawaz Turki's Exile's Return (1994), and Mahmoud Darwish's Memory for Forgetfulness (1986). The exilic experience represents an act of ejection and dispossession, feelings of displacement and poignancy and a capacity for survival and resistance. While return represents the recapture of being Palestinian, and of Palestine. The interweaving of history, politics and religion in the creation of Palestinian exile is met with the interweaving of things literary, political and spiritual, in the reconstruction and re-affirmation of identity and geography. This literature is an attempt at re-narration, re-constitution and continuity: the collective quilting together of experiences of exile and dispossession in an effort to re-possess not just an identity, but a nation, forming Palestinian return.

Exile and Trauma in Jorge Semprún

Jorge Semprún's obsession with memory is fed by a triple experience of exile: emigration from Spain, imprisonment in Buchenwald and expulsion from the Communist Party. While the notion of exile can be found at the core of his writing, it constitutes a complex construction that changes over time. Through the examination of three very different texts this article traces the meanings that exile acquires in Semprún's writing. Portrayed in partly negative terms in Autobiografía de Federico Sánchez, as the Spanish Communist Party leadership is ignorant of the true political situation within Spain due to its being outside, in Adiós, luz de veranos… it comes to figure as an internalized virtue enabling the writer to pursue his vocation. In La escritura o la vida the focus on the concentration camp underlines the traumatic qualities of exile and the difficulty of creating a listener who can relate to the experience of extreme alienation.

L’exil et les Catholiques élisabéthains chez Robert Parsons

The word “exile” connotes the excruciating uprooting from one’s motherland and history testifies to the fact that Elizabethan Catholics were familiar with it. The aim of this paper is to investigate the phenomenon of exile among Catholics under Elizabeth I. Of course, exile was one of the weapons used by Protestant authorities against Catholics, but a closer analysis of the phenomenon tends to show that the latter also succeeded in turning it into one of their most powerful assets. Robert Parsons examplifies how some Catholics made the most of their exile to serve the Catholic cause. This article also focuses on Parsons’ treatment of the notion of exile in his works. He manages to turn the whole picture upside down and implicitly advises his readers not to be mislead by appearances. Indeed, it is not so much English Catholic expatriates that are in exile as England itself. Because of its heretic queen and her wicked counsellors, England has drifted away from the only true faith, becoming a land of mission for zealous English priests.

BOOK LIST

BOOK LIST R. A lbertz , Die Exilszeit: 6. Jahrhundert v. Chr. Biblische Enzyklopädie 7. 344 pp. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart, 2001. This substantial addition to a well-established series is in the customary four parts, though our lack of detailed historical information about the exilic period together with the fact that most scholars ascribe the composition of signiŽ cant portions of the Hebrew Bible to it means that they are of very uneven length. The opening survey of biblical material can say little in terms of direct his- torical witness and so concentrates more on the notion of exile as found in

The Gates of November: Chronicles of the Slepak Family (review)

130 SHOFAR Summer 1998 Vol. 16, No.4 When Chazan does tum to the Hebrew sources, he finds Ephraim ben Jacob of Bonn. The latter looks back toward the late twelfth century to illustrate the pain ofexile. He fmds eleven "anti-Jewish incidents" worthy ofnote in what Chazan considers a "rich catalogue." These incidents, however, are garnered from throughout all of Europe, i.e., from York in the north to Vienna in the south, and for the quarter-century between 1171 and 1196. Ofthese incidents, one may be struck by the banality of the case of the Jew who, Ephraim admits, murdered a Christian girl. As a result, the murderer was killed by a mob along with six other Jews whose houses were subsequently robbed. In another case, two Jewish merchants at the Cologne fair are characterized as being "unjustly" accused of passing counterfeit coins. However, they paid a bribe and avoided punishment. If one "incident" in all of Europe every two years or so on average is considered a rich catalogue, what do we make of violence and lawlessness in contemporary American cities? Indeed, if one has to stoop to listing a merchant "unjustly" accused of passing counterfeit coins and the lynching of a murderer with six of his friends, Chazan's argument becomes risible on its face. Finally, the expulsion of the Jews from England and France cannot be explained by the efforts of Church reformers and the influence of popular hatred. Indeed, the proper context for the policies of Edward I and Philip IV is the growing economic recession of the later thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries, during which the monarchs continued to mismanage their fiscal affairs. The treatment of the Jews, who, as Chazan correctly argue,s, were led by their banking community, has its analogue in the policy toward the Lombard bankers and the Templar bankers in England and France, respectively. Indeed, anti-Lombard and anti-Templar vituperation may be compared with that levied against the Jews. Of course, neither the Lombards nor the Templars has benefited from a highly literate and exceptionally successful posterity. Thus, like all winners in the long term, some Jews are prone to interpret the history of these episodes in a manner that best fits a self-image terribly skewed by the notion of exile and despite the events of May 1948. Bernard S. Bachrach Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton and University of Minnesota The Gates of November: Chronicles of the Slepak Family, by Chaim Potok. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1996. 249 pp. $25.00. Chaim Potok, well-known author offictional works such as The Chosen and My Name is Asher Lev, has written a nonfiction work that may receive similar acclaim. Over the years numerous books by western authors such as William Korey (The Soviet Cage, Book Reviews 131 1971), Leonard Schroeter (The Last Exodus, 1979), Martin Gilbert (The Jews ofHope, 1984, and Shcharansky: Hero of Our Time, 1986), this reviewer (Challenging the Kremlin, 1992), and others have detailed and analyzed the plight and struggle of Soviet Jewish refuseniks. Cognizant ofthese studies as well as the fact that interest in Russian Jewry has dropped offsince the collapse ofthe Soviet Union, Potok determined that his book could still make a valuable contribution by addressing two basic questions: first, under what conditions would individuals tum against a political system and thereby give up position and comfort and bring ruin to their lives; and second, could a single family serve as a microcosm to help us understand what happened to all the peoples of the former Soviet Union. Though the book answers both questions well, the second seems far more enthralling and illuminating. How Vladimir (Volodya) and Masha Slepak gradually became disillusioned with the Soviet system, applied to emigrate to Israel, were denied permission to do so, and suffered terribly as refuseniks-all this is reminiscent of the stories of other highly visible, internationally known refuseniks like Anatoly Shcharansky, Evgeny Lein, Iosif Begun, and Ida NudeI. Major developments in the mid to late 1960s, both inside and outside the Soviet Union, were catalysts that led to their decision to leave the USSR: the arrest in 1965 and trial in 1966 ofSoviet...

The Politics of Exile: Ama Ata Aidoo's Our Sister Killjoy

Ama Ata Aidoo's Our Sister Killjoy or Reflections from a Black-Eyed Squint is a relentless attack on the notions of exile as relief from the societal constraints of national development and freedom to live in a cultural environment conducive to creativity. In this personalized prose/poem, Aidoo questions certain prescribed theories of exile (including the reasons for exile)—particularly among African men. The novel exposes a rarely heard viewpoint in literature in English—that of the African woman exile. Aidoo's protagonist Sissie, as the "eye" of her people, is a sojourner in the "civilized" world of the colonizers. In this article, I examine Aidoo's challenge to prevailing theories of exile, her questioning of the supposed superiority of European culture for the colonial subject, and her exposé of the politics of exile for African self-exile. Through a combination of prose, poetry, oral voicing and letter writing, Aidoo's Sissie reports back to her home community what she sees in the land of the colonizers and confronts those exiles who have forgotten their duty to their native land.

Joyce's “Delicate Siamese” Equation: The Dialectic of Home in Ulysses

For Joyce's Stephen Dedalus, the word home is itself both “familiar” and “foreign,” a paradox that confronts him with questions of both political and linguistic identity. Stephen's solution is to idealize the notions of exile and exteriority, but Joyce recognizes that this attempt to domesticate the experience of cultural alienation is a project wed to figurative language and one that may well end up reinscribing the very oppositions it intends to bring under its control. Nowhere is this dilemma more clear or more urgent than in the “Nestor” episode of Ulysses, Joyce's most fully articulated confrontation between interiority and exteriority, patriotism and exile. What makes the confrontation truly dialectical is not simply the figurative reconciliation or balancing of Manichean oppositions but rather the referral of the conflict to a historically occluded political subtext, whose very enigma points forward to tensions as yet untranscended in our own contemporary culture.