Northwest Semitic Research Articles

Der Theologische Gebrauch von Ruaḥ im Alten Testament: Ein Wort- und Satzsemantische Studie (review)

Hebrew Studies 35 (1994) 130 Reviews in Hebrew, has ever been translated into English or any European language, so that these stimulating and wide-ranging studies are unfortunately still inaccessible to scholars who do not read Hebrew. Reuben Ahroni Ohio State University Columbus. OH 43210 DER THEOLOGISCHE GEBRAUCH VON RUAU 1M ALTEN TESTAMENT: EIN WORT- UND SATZSEMANTISCHE STUDIE. By Manfred Dreytza. Pp. 262. Giessen, Germany: Brunnen Verlag, 1993. Paper, DM49.00. This monograph represents the printed version of Dreytza's 1989 Basel Theology Faculty Dissertation (director, E. Jenni). Approximately the first half consists of what might be termed preliminary matter. In a brief opening chapter Dreytza surveys occurrences of cognates to Hebrew rwl) in other Northwest Semitic languages (Ugaritic, Eblaite, Aramaic, and PhoenicianPunic ). His second chapter focuses on the Hebrew term itself; in it Dreytza points out, for example, that the Old Testament does not preserve personal or place names compounded with rwl) (this may be due to the predominantly negative connotations attaching to the term in its meteorological usage, Le., "wind") and argues that rwl) is an instance of a "primary noun" without (known) verbal derivatives, perhaps of onomatopoeic origin. Next, Oreytza presents a critical review of the major scholarly treatments of the term rwl), beginning with Franz (read Friedrich) Giesebrecht in 1897 and extending down to the monograph of R. Lauha (1983). At the end of this Forschungsbericht, he makes the transition to the core of his own study, a synchronic (as opposed to previous, predominantly diachronically oriented investigations) study of rwl) in its theological uses, informed by the linguistic theories of such authors as J. Lyons, E. Leisi, and W. Richter. Before taking up that examination, however, Dreytza devotes a chapter to a consideration of rwl) as a meteorological term, cataloguing the constructions within which it figures and verbs with which it may be collocated in comparison with other "wind words" of the Wort/eld. Dreytza's treatment of rwl) as a theological term then unfolds in two chapters. In the first of these he discusses the following points: the use of theological rwlJ. as compared with that Hebrew Studies 35 (1994) 131 Reviews of two other divine agents, mlJk and yd (yhwh), rwl} in the construct state, the various sentence patterns in which theological rwlJ. appears, and rwlJ. as an agens, medium and patiens. His second chapter, on the term in its theological meaning, sets out the seven categories of "effects" which the OT attributes to the divine rwlJ.: mighty deeds by humans, operations of power on persons, ecstatic effects, sapiential endowments, prophetic speech, renewing or judging actions, and rwlJ. as a designation for God himself. A short section of conclusions sums up the findings of Dreytza's six chapters. One such overall conclusion is that, when used theologically, rwlJ. designates a "part" of God through which he acts on humans in accomplishing his purposes. Interspersed throughout Dreytza's chapters are a number of excursuses, for example, on the understanding of rwl} Jlhym in Gen 1:2 (Dreytza opts for the rendering "spirit of God") and the problem of the oscillating gender of rwlJ., which is mostly construed as a feminine (particularly in its anthropological and theological uses) but does appear as a masculine with some frequency (mostly in its meteorological uses). There are also a chart exhibiting the results of Dreytza's two chapters on the theological usage of rwl}, a bibliography, and the author's curriculum vitae. Dreytza writes in short, simple sentences that make reading his work much less heavy-going than is often the case with German exegetical tomes. It is helpful to have his survey of previous work on the topic (it might be noted that since the publication of his volume two other German-language monographs of related interest have appeared, Robert Koch, Der Geist Gottes im Alten Testament [Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1991] and Helen Schiingel-Straumann, Ruah bewegt die Welt. Gottes schopferische Lebenskraft in der Krisenzeit des Exits [SBS 151; Stuttgart: KBW, 1992]). Dreytza's attempt to bring diachronic and contemporary linguistic perspectives to bear on the study of a key OT term is certainly to be welcomed and will provide a starting point for future such...

Book Review: I Have Built You an Exalted House: Temple Building in the Bible in Light of Mesopotamian and Northwest Semitic Writings

Book Review: I Have Built You an Exalted House: Temple Building in the Bible in Light of Mesopotamian and Northwest Semitic Writings

I Have Built You an Exalted House: Temple Building in the Bible in Light of Mesopotamian and Northwest Semitic Writings (review)

I Have Built You an Exalted House: Temple Building in the Bible in Light of Mesopotamian and Northwest Semitic Writings (review)

Sopher Mahir: Northwest Semitic Studies Presented to Stanislav Segert

Edward M. Cook - Stanislav Segert: An Appreciation Pierre Bordreuil - A Propos de Milkou, Milkart et Milk 'ashtart Giorgio Buccellatti - Cybernetica Mesopotamica Randall Buth - 'EDAYIN/TOTE-Anatomy of a Semitism in Jewish Greek Henri Cazelles - Sur 'mdl' a Ugarit, en Is 40,15 et Hab 3,4 Edward M. Cook - The Orthography of Final Unstressed Long Vowels in Old and Imperial Aramaic James R. Davila - Qoheleth and Northern Hebrew M. Dietrich and O. Loretz, tr. Richard White - The Syntax of Omens in Ugaritic Pelio Fronzaroli, tr. Matthew L. Jaffe - Forms of the Dual in the Texts of Ebla Paul W. Gaebelein, Jr. - Psalm 34 and Other Biblical Acrostics: Evidence from the Aleppo Codex Stanley Gevirtz - Phoenician 'wsbrt mlsm' and Job 33:23 Jonas C. Greenfield - The 'Cluster' in Biblical Poetry Douglas M. Gropp - The Language of the Samaria Papyri: A Preliminary Study William Sanford Lasor - Proto-Semitic: Is the Concept No Longer Acceptable? Loren R. Mack-Fisher - From Ugarit to Gades: Mediterranean Veterinary Medicine Rudolf Macuch - Some Orthographico-Phonetic Problems of Ancient Aramaic and the Living Aramaic Pronunciation Dennis Pardee - Structure and Meaning in Hebrew Poetry: The Example of Psalm 23 Robert J. Ratner - Jonah, The Runaway Servant Helmer Ringgren - Some Observations on the Text of Psalms Yona Sabar - On the Nature of the Oral Translations of the Book of Exodus in the Neo-Aramaic Dialect of the Jews of Zakho John H. Sailhamer - A Database Approach to the Analysis of Hebrew Narrative Ziony Zevit - Phoenician 'nbs / nps' and its Hebrew Semantic Equivalents Bibliography of the Writings of Stanislav Segert

On subject pronoun and subject noun asymmetry: A preliminary survey of Northwest Semitic

In hierdie artikel is die fokus aan die een kant op die asimmetrie in die distribusie van subjekpronomina en subjek-nomina en aan die ander kant op die verskille in die asimmetrie tussen Kumran-Hebreeus, Bybelse Hebrees, Bybelse Aramees en Mishna-Hebreeus. In ooreenstemming met 'n beginsel- en parameterbenadering word voorgestel dat die asimmetrie en verskille korreleer. In feite word aangetoon dat die asimmetrie afgelei kan word van 'n nulsubjekparameter en die verskille in die asimmetrie van die skuifopsies van die verbum. Verba in hierdie tale differensieer in verbumvorms met nulsubjekte en verbumvorme met nie-nulsubjekte. Subjekpronomina met nulsubjekverbumvorme kan slegs as topieks gebruik word, terwyl subjekpronomina met nie-nulsubjekverbumvorme nie noodwendig topieks is nie. Om die afwyking in Bybelse Hebreeus te verantwoord, word aangeneem dat behalwe die verbumskuif na I, Bybelse Hebreeus ook verbumskuif na C besit wat nie vir Kumran-Hebreeus, Bybelse Aramees en Mishna-Hebreeus beskikbaar is nie. In 'n postverbale posisie egter okkupeer subjekpronomina steeds [SPEC, IP] en moet gevolglik as postverbale topieks gekonstrueer word.

The Origins and Development of the Waw-Consecutive: Northwest Semitic Evidence from Ugarit to Qumran (review)

Hebrew Studies 34 (1993) 202 Reviews enough depth and clarity to provide a helpful entre into the world of the text for the would be reader. As mentioned above, Skehan's translation is an adaptation of the NAB, which has the advantage of being a clear, straightforward version while never being lyrical in its rendition of Ben Sira's poetry. The Notes, which are consistently brief, chiefly discuss textual variants among the various Greek manuscripts and the Hebrew manuscripts from Qumran. Following the pattern of many Anchor Bible volumes, the Commentary is mostly a technical discussion of aspects of translation with helpful comments to illuminate the historical, social, theological environment in which the book was produced. As a result, it is primarily useful to the expert or the student of translation rather than the pastor or layperson seeking sermon material or spiritual guidance. Di LelIa's prose is clear and readable throughout, though on occasion his style becomes repetitious (e.g., pp. 290303 where almost every paragraph begins with "The next poem ..."). In summary, Di LelIa and Skehan have produced a useful work that represents a worthy addition to the Anchor Bible series and will provide the basis of much fruitful work for many years to come. Gerald H. Wilson Newberg, OR 97132 THE ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE WAWCONSECUTIVE : NORTHWEST SEMITIC EVIDENCE FROM UGARIT TO QUMRAN. By Mark S. Smith. Harvard Semitic Studies 39. Pp. xiv + 100. Atlanta: Scholars, 1991. Cloth, $24.95. In the introduction to this slender volume, Mark Smith states very clearly, "The main purpose of this presentation is to address three historical questions: (1) the grammatical origins of the waw-consecutive; (2) the development of the form in Biblical Hebrew prose; and (3) the distribution of the form in the Hebrew texts of Qumran" (p. xi). In well-organized fashion, the three chapters of the book ("Early Extra-biblical Evidence," "The Waw-Consecutive in Hebrew Prose," and "The Waw-Consecutive in the Qumran Literature") then set out to address these three issues. (Note that certain issues are not discussed, e.g., the accentual shift in the waw- Hebrew Studies 34 (1993) 203 Reviews consecutive and the occasional attestation of the waw-consecutive in biblical poetry.) The survey of early extra-biblical evidence concentrates mainly on the Ugaritic and Amama evidence. Smith accepts the dominant view (first stated by G. Bergstrasser [1918]) that the converted imperfect (wyqtl) "derived from independent usage of the *yaqtul preterite" (p. 12), a usage attested not only in the Amama letters and in the Ugaritic poetic narratives, but also in other Semitic languages in specific environments (e.g., Arabic, viz., lam yaqtul). In Hebrew, the specific environments which continued the usage of a preterite yaqtul were (a) the presence of "waw + doubling of the initial radical (in MT tmdition)" (p. 12; sic: it is the prefixed pronominal indicator which is doubled, not the first root letter of the verb); and (b) the presence of various particles, for example, ~az, beterem, and terem. To explain the phenomenon of the doubling of the consonant following the waw, Smith relies on T. O. Lambdin's (1971) posited "junctural doubling." As for the converted perfect (wqtl), whereas Bergstrasser argued for its development due to Analogiebildung (i.e., once wyqtl was used to refer to the past, wqtl emerged to refer to the future), Smith takes a different approach. In his detailed study of the Amama letters, W. L. Momn (1950) noted that qatala is used in both apodoses and protases of conditional sentences with references to future time. C. H. Gordon (1967: 69) detected several examples of wqtl in conditional sentences in Ugaritic, and of course also in Biblical Hebrew (BH) qatala is used in the apodoses of conditional sentences. It is from this background, Smith claims, that the converted perfect emerged, though its extension "from dependent to independent clauses was apparently an inner Hebrew development" (pp. 14-15). In the second chapter, Smith addresses the use of the waw-consecutive in Hebrew prose, both biblical and inscriptional (and along with the latter treats the presence of the waw-consecutive in Moabite, Deir CAlla, and Aramaic). A major issue for Smith is the question of...

Northwest Semitic Incantations in an Egyptian Medical Papyrus of the Fourteenth Century B. C. E.

THE London Medical Papyrus, published seventy years ago by W. Wreszinski,' contains a number of short Northwest Semitic magical texts transcribed into hieratic syllabic script (group writing).2 The only attempts I know of to decipher any of these texts have been by Egyptologists;3 Semitists seem to have ignored them entirely.4 This neglect is quite undeserved, since the papyrus in question is early by Northwest Semitic standards (fourteenth century B.C.E.)5 and since the Egyptian syllabic script is, in many ways, more informative than the native scripts of the Northwest Semitic languages. So far as I know, these incantations have the distinction of being the earliest Semitic texts written in an Egyptian script.6 The Amorite material in the Execration Texts, etc.,7 is much earlier, but it consists solely of names. The Northwest Semitic texts in the

The Ebla Incantations and Their Affinities with Northwest Semitic Magic

The Ebla Incantations and Their Affinities with Northwest Semitic Magic

Sopher Mahir: Northwest Semitic Studies Presented to Stanislav Segert (review)

Hebrew Studies 32 (1991) 84 Reviews perhaps at Kadesh, and that later redactors reflect this tradition by making her the sister of Moses and Aaron. This is an important topic and one which needed to be explored. Further, some of Bums' conclusions seem reasonable: that although neither priestess nor prophetess as such, Miriam was remembered in biblical tradition as a leader of the community during the wilderness period; and that she seems to have performed both cullic and prophetic functions in a day, perhaps, before these were institutionalized and separated into two different roles (p. 123). The same conclusions, however, could probably have been reached and amply argued in a briefer format. Eleanor B. Amico University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, WI 54901 SOPHER MAHIR: NORTHWEST SEMITIC STUDIES PRESENTED TO STANISLAV SEGERT. Edward M. Cook, ed. Maarav. Vols. 5 and 6. Pp. 384. Santa Monica, CA: Western Academic, 1990. Paper, $27.50. This double issue of Maarav honors Stanislav Segert, perhaps best known as the author of grammar books on Old Aramaic, Phoenician, and Ugaritic. As the title Sopher Mahir implies, however, and as the forty pages of bibliographic entries amply attest, Segert is much more than a mere textbook writer: he is a veritable sopher mahir, a copious scribe, with over 500 titles to date to his credit. This volume contains twenty-one studies written by his colleagues and students and reflects areas of particular interest to Segert. There are six articles on biblical topics, five on Aramaic, three each on Phoenician and Ugaritic, two on comparative Semitics, and two on computer projects. The latter articles are especially appropriate in a volume dedicated to one who was one of the pioneers in the use of computers for ancient Near Eastern research. What follows is a brief synopsis of each of the contributions arranged according to their main area of interest though, naturally, some overlapping is to be expected. Bible James R. Davila ("Qoheleth and Northern Hebrew," pp. 69-87) believes that the Phoenician and Aramaic flavor of the language of Qoheleth may Hebrew Studies 32 (1991) 85 Reviews best be explained by C. H. Gordon's suggestion that the book was influenced by Northern Hebrew. Paul W. Gaebelein, Jr. ("Psalm 34 and Other Biblical Acrostics: Evidence from the Aleppo Codex," pp. 127-143) shows that the first eight verses of the acrostic Ps 34 are written in the Aleppo Codex differently than the remaining verses. This different textual arrangement suggests two different contextual sections and possibly a difference in the time of composition. Jonas C. Greenfield ("The 'Cluster' in Biblical Poetry," pp.159-168) discusses a rhetorical feature of biblical poetry in which the biblical author utilizes Ugaritic epithets and word pairs in a different fashion. For example , in Hos 13:12 the parallelism of s6n1rl/seprln6 is held to be a reflex of the Ugaritic phrase srrt spn "summit of Zaphon" even though the meaning of the two verbal forms in Hebrew is far removed from the Ugaritic phrase. Dennis Pardee ("Structure and Meaning in Hebrew Poetry: The Example of Psalm 23," pp. 239-280) analyzes Ps 23 from many different "parallelistic" points of view (repetitive, semantic, sequential, grammatical, and phonetic) to determine whether the psalm really constitutes a piece of poetry. Robert J. Ratner ("Jonah, The Runaway Servant," pp. 281-305) suggests that the author of the book of Jonah may have been guided by his knowledge of legal customs pertaining to runaway slaves. After reviewing the pertinent ancient Near Eastern legal materials pertaining to runaway slaves, Ratner elucidates the scene of Jonah and the sailors in the light of Jonah as a runaway. Helmer Ringgren ("Some Observations on the Text of the Psalms," pp. 307-309) presents new translations on five passages which will be incorporated into his new Swedish translation of the book of Psalms. The passages are Pss 1:5; 8:2-3; 10:10; 30:6; and 31:12. Aramaic Randall Buth ("'Edayin{1'ote-Anatomy of a Semitism in Jewish Greek," pp. 33-48) discusses the usage of the two Aramaic adverbs '~dayin and bedayin. Because Greek TeSTe functions exactly as the Aramaic adverbs do, a text like Matthew, which contains the word TeSTe...

Fear, Anxiety and Reverence in Akkadian, Biblical Hebrew and Other North-West Semitic Languages

Fear, Anxiety and Reverence in Akkadian, Biblical Hebrew and Other North-West Semitic Languages

Fear, Anxiety and Reverence in Akkadian, Biblical Hebrew and Other North-West Semitic Languages

By bringing bear upon the discussion of two ancient Semitic verbs meaning to fear-Hebrew yr' and Akkadian paldbuthe findings of the modern study of the emotions, it is possible propose a plausible answer the theological dilemma as why the Hebrew Bible should employ as a term for religiosity a term which regularly describes emotions of dread and fright. Moreover, the light shed on Hebrew yr' and Akkadian palahu will, in turn, elucidate the nuances of the verb stc (ttc) in Ugaritic, Phoenician, Ammonite, and Biblical Hebrew (see below). The Hebrew verb yr', which is commonly rendered to fear, may refer either virtuous feelings and behavior,2 which are prescribed,3 or non-virtuous feelings and behavior, which are pro-

Ancient Israelite Religion: Essays in Honor of Frank Moore Cross (review)

Hebrew Studies 31 (1990) 213 Reviews no reader can know Qoheleth's relation to the views expressed in these quotations-perhaps in the end it will appear to be impossible to do without the hypothesis. Nevertheless, Michel often offers an original interpretation of difficult texts and deserves careful reading and examination by all future interpreters of Qoheleth. Antoon Schoors Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium ANCIENT ISRAELITE RELIGION: ESSAYS IN HONOR OF FRANK MOORE CROSS. Patrick D. Miller, Jr., Paul D. Hanson, and S. Dean McBride, eds. pp. xxv + 672. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1987. Cloth. The Colloquium for Biblical Research, founded in 1963 by seven of Cross's students, assumed the sponsorship of this volume to honor Frank Moore Cross, and several of its members are contributors. One of them, W. E. Lemke, prepared a short biographical sketch (pp. xi-xiii) stressing the three areas of Cross's research: Hebrew and Northwest Semitic epigraphy and paleography, the Dead Sea Scrolls, and the religion of Israel. This last area was chosen as the topic for this Festschrift. Most existing treatments of the religion of Israel are the work of a single author and are based mainly upon the biblical literature. This book is the work of some of the most competent scholars in the field and covers extra-biblical and archaeological material in addition to the biblical literature. The best way to illustrate the richness of this book is to list the contributors and the titles of their studies. Part 1: Sources and Contexts-(I) W. W. Hallo, ''The Origins of the Sacrificial Cult: New Evidence from Mesopotamia and Israel" (pp. 3-13); (2) T. Jacobsen, "The Graven Image" (pp. 15-32); (3) A. Malamat, "A Forerunner of Biblical Prophecy: The Mari Documents" (pp. 33-52); (4) P. D. Miller, Jr., "Aspects of the Religion of Ugarit" (pp. 53-66); (5) J. C. Greenfield, "Aspects of Aramean Religion" (pp. 67-78); (6) B. Peckham, "Phoenicia and the Religion of Israel: The Epigraphic Evidence" (pp. 79-99); (7) I. Naveh, "Proto-Canaanite, Archaic Greek, and the Script of the Aramaic Text on the Tell Fakbariyah Statue" (pp. 101113 ); (8) M. D. Coogan, "Canaanite Origins and Lineage: Reflections on Hebrew Studies 31 (1990) 214 Reviews the Religion of Ancient Israel" (pp. 115-124); (9) J. A. Hackett. "Religious Traditions in Israelite Transjordan" (pp. 125-136); (10) P. K. McCarter, Jr., "Aspects of the Religion of the Israelite Monarchy: Biblical and Epigraphic Data" (pp. 137-155); (11) J. H. Tigay, "Israelite Religion: The Onomastic and Epigraphic Evidence" (pp. 157-194); (12) N. Avigad, "The Contribution of Hebrew Seals to an Understanding of Israelite Religion and Society" (pp. 195-208); (13) W. G. Dever, "The Contribution of Archaeology to the Study of Canaanite and Early Israelite Religion" (pp. 209247 ); (14) J. S. Holladay, Jr., "Religion in Israel and Judah Under the Monarchy: An Explicitly Archaeological Approach" (pp. 249-299). Part 2: History and Character-(15) M. Weinfeld, "The Tribal League at Sinai" (pp. 303-314); (16) D. N. Freedman, "'Who Is Like Thee Among the Gods?' The Religion of Early Israel" (pp. 315-335); (17) G. E. Mendenhall, "The Nature and Purpose of the Abraham Narratives" (pp. 337-356); (18) C. Meyers, "David as Temple Builder" (pp. 357-376); (19) J. J. M. Roberts, "In Defense of the Monarchy: The Contribution of Israelite Kingship to Biblical Theology" (pp. 377-396); (20) P. Bird, "The Place of Women in the Israelite Cultus" (pp. 397-419); (21) H. Ringgren, "The Marriage Motif in Israelite Religion" (pp. 421-428); (22) R. A. Oden, Jr., "The Place of Covenant in the Religion of Israel" (pp. 429-447); (23) R. E. Murphy, "Religious Dimensions of Israelite Wisdom" (pp. 449458 ); (24) N. Lohfink, "The Cult Reform of Josiah of Judah: 2 Kings 2223 as a Source for the History of Israelite Religion" (pp. 459-475); (25) K. Baltzer, "Liberation from Debt Slavery After the Exile in Second Isaiah and Nehemiah" (pp. 477-484); (26) P. D. Hanson, "Israelite Religion in the Early Postexilic Period" (pp. 485-508); (27) E. M. Meyers, "The Persian Period and the Judean Restoration: From Zerubbabel to Nehemiah" (pp. 509-521); (28) J. G. Janzen, "The Place of the Book...

Job in the Light of Northwest Semitic. Vol. I: Prologue and First Cycle of Speeches: Job 1:1-14:22

Job in the Light of Northwest Semitic. Vol. I: Prologue and First Cycle of Speeches: Job 1:1-14:22

The Word of the Lord Shall Go Forth: Essays in Honor of David Noel Freedman in Celebration of His Sixtieth Birthday. Carol L. Meyers and M. O'Connor, eds.

Preface Foreword Abbreviations Sharing the Results of Scholarly Research Philip J. King I. Hebrew Poetry and Prophecy Isaiah 33: An Isaianic Elaboration of the Zion Tradition J. J. M. Roberts Isaiah 55: Invitation to a Feast Richard J. Clifford MSRT HBRYT, 'the obligation of the covenant,' in Ezekiel 20:37 Moshe Greenberg The Minor Prophets and Ebla Mitchell Dahood The use of tora in Haggai 2:11 and the Role of the Prophet in the Restoration Community Eric M. Meyers Dating the Book of Malachi: A Linguistic Reexamination Andrew E. Hill Psalm 2 and Belit's Oracle for Ashurbanipal Helmer Ringgren New Exodus, Covenant, and Restoration in Psalm 23 Michael L. Barre, S. S., and John S. Kselman, S. S. Studies in the Structure of Hebrew Verse: The Prosody of Lamentations 1:1-22 Frank Moore Cross Sirach 10:19-11:6: Textual Criticism, Poetic Analysis, and Exegesis Alexander Di Lella, O.F.M. 'Prose Particle' Counts of the Hebrew Bible Francis I. Andersen and A. Dean Forbes Hoy and Hoy-Oracles: A Neglected Syntactic Aspect Delbert R. Hillers II. The Prose of the Hebrew Bible A Syllable-Word Structure Analysis of Genesis 12-23 Cornelius B. Houk Abraham and David in the Theology of the Yahwist Jack R. Lundbom The Two Pericopes on the Purification Offering Jacob Milgrom The Composition of Deuteronomy 5-11 Brian Peckham Levitical History and the Role of Joshua Robert Boling Judges 9 and Biblical Archeology Edward F. Campbell, Jr. The Ritual Dedication of the City of David in 2 Samuel 6 P. Kyle McCarter, Jr. Rab-saris or Rab-shakeh in 2 Kings 18 Hayim Tadmor Derios, der Meder Klaus Koch III. History and Institutions of Israel The Proto-History of Israel: A Study in Method Abraham Malamat The Identity of the Biblical sir a Oded Borowski Israelites as gerim, 'Sojourners,' in Social and Historical Context Frank Anthony Spina Gender Roles and Genesis 3:16 Revisited Carol L. Meyers Priestly Divination in Israel Herbert B. Huffmon Social Transformation and Ritual in 2 Samuel 6 James W. Flanagan David's Relations with Hiram: Biblical and Josephan Evidence for Tyrian Chronology Alberto R. Green Pollution, Purification, and Purgation in Biblical Israel Tikva Frymer-Kensky Jerusalem in der Sicht des Ezechielbuches Walther Zimmerli 587 ou 586? Henri Cazelles, S. S. IV. Northwest Semitic Epigraphy Writing Systems, Native Speaker Analyses, and the Earliest Stages of Northwest Semitic Orthography M. O'Connor The Descriptive Ritual Texts from Ugarit: Some Formal and Functional Features of the Genre Baruch A. Levine The Gezer Jar Signs: New Evidence of the Earliest Alphabet Joe D. Seger The Discovery of the Moabite Stone Siegfried H. Horn Ammonite Personal Names in the Context of the West Semitic Onomasticon Kent P. Jackson Social Organization in Egyptian Military Settlements of the Sixth-Fourth Centuries B.C.E.: dgl and mt. Aramaic Papyri in the Egyptian Museum: Missing Endorsements Bezalel Porten The Historical, Linguistic, and Biblical Significance of the Khirbet et-Kom Ostraca Lawrence T. Geraty The Background of the Paleo-Hebrew Texts and Qumran K. A. Mathews V. Other Perspectives Material Remains and the Cult in Ancient Israel: An Essay in Archeological Systematics William G. Dever Two Palestinian Segments from the Eblaite Geographical Atlas William H. Shea Baal, Lord of the Earth: The Ugaritic Baal Epic Lawrence E. Toombs The Zoroastrian Cosmos Gernot L. Windfuhr Nabateans and the Hisma: In the Footsteps of Glueck and Beyond David F. Graf Matthew 12:40 as an Interpretation of 'The Sign of Jonah' Against its Biblical Background George M. Landes Jewish Reaction to Christian Borrowings Cyrus H. Gordon Humanism and the Rise of Hebraic Studies: From Christian to Jewish Renaissance M. H. Goshen-Gottstein Prague Structuralism in American Biblical Scholarship: Performance and Potential Stanislav Segert Prophet, Poet, Shaman: The Bible and the Literature of Western America David Robertson Bibliography of the Works of David Noel Freedman M. O'Connor

“Is It Not?” or “Indeed!”: HL in Northwest Semitic

“Is It Not?” or “Indeed!”: <i>HL</i> in Northwest Semitic

Asherah in the Hebrew Bible and Northwest Semitic Literature

Asherah in the Hebrew Bible and Northwest Semitic Literature

A Philological Analysis of Jeremiah 4-6 in the Light of Northwest Semitic

Book Review| June 01 1986 A Philological Analysis of Jeremiah 4-6 in the Light of Northwest Semitic A Philological Analysis of Jeremiah 4-6 in the Light of Northwest Semitic, Robert Althann. William L. Holladay William L. Holladay Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of Biblical Literature (1986) 105 (2): 319–320. https://doi.org/10.2307/3260409 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation William L. Holladay; A Philological Analysis of Jeremiah 4-6 in the Light of Northwest Semitic. Journal of Biblical Literature 1 June 1986; 105 (2): 319–320. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3260409 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveSBL PressJournal of Biblical Literature Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Mari, the Bible, and the Northwest Semitic World

The Mari texts, when viewed in the proper context, can help us understand the oldest traditions of the Bible.

Job 29-31 in the Light of Northwest Semitic: A Translation and Philological Commentary

Job 29-31 in the Light of Northwest Semitic: A Translation and Philological Commentary

REVIEWS

REVIEWS Get access Job 29–31 in the light of Northwest Semitic. A Translation and Philological Commentary. By A. R. CERESKO. Pp. xiii+272. (Biblica et Orientalia, 36. ) Rome: Biblical Institute Press, 1980. US $19.00; L. 18,000. P. WERNBERG-MØLLER P. WERNBERG-MØLLER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume XXXIII, Issue 2, October 1982, Pages 525–526, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/XXXIII.2.525 Published: 01 October 1982