Northern Steppe Of Ukraine Research Articles

Efficiency of the applied elements of the technology of growing sunflower of confectionery direction

The article presents the results of studies on the effectiveness of growing confectionery sunflower in the moderately arid conditions of the northern steppe of Ukraine. The features of the formation of the yield and quality of seeds of modern varieties and a hybrid of sunflower of the confectionery direction, depending on the elements of the technology of their cultivation, namely on the variety, the method of the main tillage, the background of nutrition and the density of sowing, have been established. The most favorable conditions for the formation of high yields were formed during the main moldboard tillage. Depending on the dose of fertilizers and the sowing scheme, the yield was 1.88-3.04 t/ha for the SPK variety, 1.72-3.03 t/ha for the Belochka variety, and 1.96-3 for the Zaporozhye confectionery variety 14 t/ha, for the Goodwin hybrid – 1.50-2.68 t/ha. The highest yield of the variety Zaporozhskiy konditerskiy – 3.14 t/ha – was obtained when growing on a dump system of tillage, fertilizing at a dose of N60P80K80 and for a sowing density of 40.8 thousand plants/1 ha. The highest net profit – 37051.30 UAH/ha (profitability – 264.25 %) from the use of mineral fertilizers with a dose of N60P80K80 was obtained for the Belochka variety for a planting density of 40.8 thousand plants/1 ha with non-moldboard tillage. But a great profitability (372 %) was obtained for the Goodwin variety during moldboard tillage using mineral fertilizers N20P40K40 and for a planting density of 40.8 thousand plants/1 ha. At the same time, the profit amounted to 29693.32 UAH/ha, and total expenses – 7985.65 UAH/ha.

Багаторічна динаміка деяких метеорологічних та агрометеорологічних показників за даними метеорологічної станції Луганськ

The results of the analysis of the dynamics of the average monthly values of hydrothermal climatic indicators on the territory of the Luhansk region (Northern Steppe of Ukraine) in the conditions of long-term climatic changes in precipitation (1882-2020) and air temperature (1837-2020) are presented. Statistical models — regression equations for determining temporary changes in the studied indicators are developed. Statistical analysis was carried out and patterns of dynamics of parameters of hydrothermal indicators were revealed within the framework of such stages: year, growing season; sowing periods of spring crops (April); harvest formation (May-June); post-harvest (July–August); sowing of winter cereals (September-October); cold period (November-March). A general trend towards an increase in the average annual precipitation and a high variability (CV > 25%) of the average monthly values in certain stages of the growing season were revealed. Probabilistic analysis of long-term data, using the method of constructing empirical and theoretical (analytical) security curves, revealed that the average monthly temperature during the sowing periods of early spring and winter crops 11-14 ℃ corresponds to 10% probability level, and 8.0–11.5 ℃ — 50%. In the same period, precipitation of 58-60 mm corresponds to a 10% probability level, and 30-40 mm corresponds to 50%. By analyzing the angles of inclination of trend lines, the dynamics of the average monthly values of precipitation and air temperature in the study area was studied and the distribution of the rate of increase or decrease in precipitation and temperature change was obtained. The generalization showed that the angle of inclination of trend lines is associated with the stage of the growing season. Fluctuations in average monthly temperatures correspond to fluctuations in the average monthly precipitation and are most noticeable in the periods of early spring sowing, crop formation and post-harvest. The average annual temperature in 1845-1935 on the territory of the region it is kept at the level of 8 ℃, and from 1935 to nowadays time it has been steadily increasing to 10 ℃. The revealed features of changes in the amount of precipitation over time can be used for further studies of the unevenness of atmospheric soil moisture, flood forecasting, changes in erosion activity, and the like.

Effect of thickening of watermelon sowing on yield and seed quality

Purpose and objectives. To study the effect thickening plantations of watermelon seed plants on seed yield and quality, using different thickening designs in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine.
 Materials and methods. The main crop was watermelon. Sweet corn and green bean were used as thickeners. The thikeners were placed in watermelon interrows or in rows with the following layouts: 1.4 m x 1.0 m and 2.8 m x 1.0 m (sweet corn) and 1.4 m x 0.5 m, 2.8 m x 0.5 m (green beans).
 Results and discussion. The highest output of seeds per fruit (21.3 g) was recorded when sweet corn was sown between watermelon rows with a layout of 2.8 m x 1.0 m (18.4 g in the control). Growing sweet corn in watermelon interrows increased the 1000-seed weight from 52.6 g (control) to 55.5 g. The highest yield of watermelon seeds (187 kg/ha) was obtained in plantations where sweet corn was grown watermelon interrows with a layout of 2.8 m x 1.0 m (+ 21 kg/ha or 12.7% to the control). The use of green bean as a thickener for watermelon was less effective. The yield increased by 7-15 kg/ha (4.2–9.0%) compared to the control. In addition, 0.8-1.8 t/ha of milky-wax cobs of sweet corn and 47–98 kg/ha of green beans were harvested.
 Conclusions. The use of thickeners grown between rows of the main crop is the most effective technological technique in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine to increase the yield and improve the quality of watermelon seeds. Our experiments demonstrated that sweet corn was the best thickener, interrow was the best placement, and 2.8 m x 1.0 m was the best layout. This method in watermelon seed production allows increasing the seed yield by 12.7% related to the control (no thickeners) and raising the economic efficiency of seed production due to a gain in the net profit of 14,800 UAH/ha (26.4%) and profitability by 37.9% while maintaining high sowing indicators of seeds

Results and perspectives of selection of naked oat varieties in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine

The results and prospects of selection of naked oat varieties in the conditions of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine were given. The problems and main directions of creating of new initial material were determined. The high-yielding, large-grain genotypes (Thousand Grain Weight was to 25.3–29.1 g) such as Abel, Rhea, Nuprime, Plater, Adam, Biloruskyi, Pushkinskyi, Hosha, Kriepysh resistant to abiotic factors were used in hybridization, and allowed to create a new hybrid combinations of naked oats. We established that the cultivars significantly differed from each other in the spikelets and grains number per plant, however not always these features quite affected the plant productivity. Thus, it is proved that the set of features such as number of spikelets in the panicle, number of grains in the spikelet and the grain size determines the plant productivity. The best initial forms of naked oats by biological and economic features were specified. The characteristics of the new initial material were highlighted, and the results of breeding work were presented. The naked oat cultivars were selected in the control nursery: Ск 1024/10, Рс 72/09, Сс 732/10, their grain yield (2.59–2.66 t/ha) significantly exceeded the standard variety (by 0, 35–0.42 t/ha) on average for 3 years. The most productive cultivars by protein content (15.9–16.2 %) were Рс 72/09, СС 1136/09, Сс 732/10 and Сп 234/10. The average yield (2.58 t/ha) of Rodonit naked oat variety exceeded the Skarb Ukrainy national standard variety by 0.33 t/ha or by 14.7 % according to the three-year competitive variety test. Since 2019, Rodonit has been understate variety testing. The protein content of 16.1 % and the starch of 49.0 % were in the grain, and the number of hulled grains did not exceed 3.0 %. The growing season of Rodonit variety was 91 days which was three days longer than the standard variety. Key words: oat, variety, hybridization, selection, yield, hybrid combinations.

ВПЛИВ ЗМІН КЛІМАТУ НА УРОЖАЙНІСТЬ СОНЯШНИКУ В ПІВНІЧНОМУ СТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ: АНАЛІЗ І ПРОГНОЗ

Глобальні зміни клімату формують нові умови для всіх галузей світової та української економіки, включаючи сільське господарство. З їх впливом пов’язані агрокліматичні умови вирощування сільсь-когосподарських культур, зокрема соняшнику. Необхідність оцінити ці умови є актуальною, тому що вони вкрай важливі при врахуванні потенційної адаптації соняшнику до кліматичних змін і рен-табельності вирощування в окремих природо-кліматичних зонах України. Метою цього дослідження було виявити ступінь впливу кліматичних змін на врожайність культури соняшнику. Для оцінки впливу змін клімату на врожайність соняшнику використовуються сучасні сценарії RCP2.6 і RCP4.5 (помірного та середнього рівня викидів парникових газів). За сценаріями RCP2.6 і RCP4.5 дослідже-ний кліматичний період з 2021 по 2050 рр. Для порівняльного аналізу сценарних метеорологічних зна-чень з минулими даними взятий період з 1980 по 2010 роки. Дослідження формування урожайності соняшнику проводили з використанням математичної моделі оцінки агрокліматичних ресурсів фор-мування продуктивності сільськогосподарських культур, адаптованої для культури соняшнику. Згід-но з розрахунками збільшення ФАР (на 8 і 21 %) за обома сценаріями призведе до збільшення потен-ційного урожаю соняшнику (до 163 ц/га і 183 ц/га проти 151 ц/га). За сценарієм RCP2.6 агроклімати-чні умови (підвищений температурний режим (на 0,7 ºС) і достатня за вегетацію для посухостійко-го соняшнику сума опадів, 223 мм) сприятимуть збільшенню фотосинтетичного потенціалу незнач-ного, але зростання ММУ (83 ц/га проти 81 ц/га). Очікуватиметься деяке збільшення врожаю насін-ня (на 4 %). Агрокліматичні умови за сценарієм RCP4.5 будуть більш посушливими в період цвітіння–достигання. Але на урожайність соняшнику ці умови суттєво не вплинуть. Урожай насіння очіку-ється такий, як при фактичних середніх багаторічних умовах (2,3 т/га). У разі реалізації обох сце-наріїв унаслідок позитивного впливу очікуваних кліматичних умов на всі категорії урожайності со-няшнику найближчі три десятиліття він буде однією з найбільш затребуваних і рентабельних сільськогосподарських культур у Північному Степу України.

Technical efficiency of tank mixtures of herbicides in crops of winter wheat after non–steam predecessors in the conditions of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine

Goal. To establish the biological effectiveness of herbicides and their tank mixtures for the protection of winter wheat crops from weeds in the Steppe of Ukraine.
 Methods. General scientific, the main of which were: field; measuring and weighing; variance and correlation. The Institute of Grain Crops (IGC) of NAAS of Ukraine studied the biological effectiveness of herbicides against the background of non–steam precursors (stubble, oats, sunflower), the experimental scheme included 17 options for the use of drugs and their tank mixtures.
 Results. It is proved that the complete and 100% control of weeds is provided by the tank mixture of herbicide Dialin super — 0.8 l/ ha in combination with the growth regulator Gulliver stimulus — 500 ml/ ha, 21.1 pieces/ m² of weeds are destroyed here, with of which 16.8 pieces/ m² were root–sprout perennials (field birch (Convolvulus arvensis L.), pink field thistle (Cirsium arvense L.), Tatar milkweed (Lactuca tatarica L.)). The maximum grain yields were provided by the plots where the tank mixture of dialen super — 0.8 l/ ha + PPP Gulliver stimulus — 1.0 l/ ha — 6.4 t/ ha was applied; Dialin super — 0.8 l/ ha + PPP Gulliver stimulus — 1.5 l/ ha — 6.1 t/ ha and Dialin super — 0.8 l/ ha + PPP Peram — 200 ml/ ha — 6.0 t/ ha, this can be explained mainly by the low level of weediness of the field after treatment with drugs, namely the low biomass of weeds 1.0—3.1 g/ m² while in the control and application of growth regulators they were significantly greater and were 59.6 and 20.7 g/ m², respectively.
 Conclusions. Complete and 100% control of weeds provides a tank mixture of herbicide Dialin super — 0.8 l/ ha in combination with the growth regulator Gulliver stimulus — 1.0 l/ ha resulting in a maximum wheat yield — 6.4 t/ ha and quality indicators grains.

Study of lentil varieties from Canada and Turkey in the northern steppe of Ukraine

Aim. Evaluate in the northern steppe of Ukraine varieties of lentils grown in Canada and Turkey. Results and Discussion. The features of growth and development of lentil varieties originating from Canada and Turkey have been determined. According to research, varieties of Canadian origin are more adapted to the conditions of the northern steppe of Ukraine, they are almost not inferior in yield to the standard, and some exceeded it in this trait. On average, for three years of research, the most productive variety was CDC Maxim 2.32 t/ha it is 0.16 t/ha more than the standard. Relatively high average productivity at the level of the standard was characterized by cultivars CDC Impress, CDC Imperial, CDC Greenland, CDC Viceroy 2.17-2.09 t/ha. The best yields in 2018 were the variety CDC Greenland – 2.32 t/ha – large seed variety with yellow cotyledons and the variety CDC Maxim – 2.30 t/ha – which belongs to small seeded with red cotyledons, but the excess of yield over the variety Lensa, which was used as a standard, was within the statistical error. In 2019, the variety CDC Maxim was also characterized by the highest yield of 2.02 t/ha, a high yield was also given by the variety CDC Impress 2.02 t/ha. This year, the advantage of these varieties over the standard was statistically significant + 0.36 t/ha. In 2020, the maximum yield was in the varieties CDC Viceroy 2.67 t/ha, and CDC Maxim 2.63 t/ha, but this excess yield compared to the standard was within the statistical error. Varieties from Turkey in given climatic conditions proved to be worse. In all years they yielded less to the yield of the standard and varieties from Canada. The average yield of the most productive variety Altıntoprak was 1.55 t/ha 0.51 t/ha less than the standard, and the maximum of the same variety 2.07 t/ha in 2020 is also less than the standard. Conclusions. In the conditions of the northern steppe of Ukraine, some of the Canadian varieties are not inferior to the local ones in terms of yield, and in some years they exceed them. When sown in the spring, lentils from Turkey are significantly inferior in yield to local and Canadian varieties.

СТІЙКІСТЬ СУЧАСНИХ ГІБРИДІВ КУКУРУДЗИ ДО САЖКОВИХ ХВОРОБ В УМОВАХ ПІВНІЧНОГО СТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ

The research results of the resistance determination of the maize hybrids (Zea mays L.) of different maturity groups to the affection by boil (Ustilago zeae (Beckm.) Unger) and kernel (Sphacelotheca reiliana (Ruhn) Clint) smuts in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine were provided. During 2016–2018, the experiments were conducted in the fields of the State Enterprise “Experimental Farm “Dnipro” of the State Enterprise Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS. The assessment scale of maize hybrids resistance to smut was given. Over the years of research, 52 samples were analyzed. It was found that the common boil smut was widely distributed in 2016, when the hybrids disease average was 2.7 %; only on plants of DN Burshtyn medium-ripe hybrid the infection was not detected. 2017 was unfavorable for the spread of the disease: only 23 % of maize hybrids of medium-ripe and medium-late ripening groups had smut tumor, the average disease degree was 0.4 %. In 2018, half of the studied samples showed no boil smut symptoms, the average degree of disease was 0.9 %, and DN Galateia middle-early hybrid had a maximum degree of disease – 6.7 %. The analysis of the received data testifies that for years of researches there were most resistant to affection by boil smut such hybrids as: DB Lada, DN Rubin, Dniprovskyi 181 SV, DN Adzhamka, DN Burshtyn, DN Veles, DN Astra, DN Sarmat, DN Bulat, DN Palanok and DN Dnipro, and they belonged to different maturity groups. According to the hybrids resistance scale to boil smut, all studied samples were highly resistant and resistant. The tumor was the most often found on the ears, less often on the stems and other parts of the plant. Regarding kernel smut, the survey results indicated a tendency to increase of the disease spread level in the Northern Steppe. In 2016 a 40 % of hybrid samples was affected by kernel smut with an average affection of 0.9 %; in 2017 these indicators were 71.0 and 3.7 %, and in 2018 – 86.0 and 5.9 %, respectively. Over the years of research, it was determined that the DN Astra middle-early hybrid is the most resistant to kernel smut compared to plants of DN Palanok, DN Vesta, DN Demetra, DN Bulat and Pochaivskyi 190 MV hybrids, which were affected annually. According to the hybrids resistance scale to kernel smut, it was found that in 2016 all samples were in the highly resistant group, and the disease degree did not exceed 10 %. In 2017, more than 10 % of plants of DN Adzhamka, DN Vesta, DN Hetera and DN Nazar hybrids were affected, so they were classified as resistant forms, other samples – as highly resistant. In 2018, only the DN Palanok hybrid was estimated as medium-resistant, 6 hybrids (DB Lada, Pochaiivskyi 190 MV, Nur, Korund, DN Galateia, DN Dnipro) belonged to the resistant group, the rest – to the highly resistant group. Regarding the affected hybrid plants, kernel smut was mainly detected on the ears and partly on the panicles (sometimes simultaneously). It was found that 2016 was favorable for the maize hybrids affection by boil smut, and 2018 – by kernel smut. It was found that the degree of plants affection by smut diseases did not depend on the maturity group of the hybrids. All tested samples are highly resistant and resistant to both types of smut. Key words: hybrids, maize, affection, kernel smut, boil smut.

The influence of biological products on the growth and development of sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus L.) in the northern steppe of Ukraine

The influence of biological products on the growth and development of sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus L.) in the northern steppe of Ukraine

Formation characteristics of watermelon seed productivity under intercropping

Characteristics of watermelon seed formation in intercropping were studied. Different growing methods of watermelon seeds depending on its interaction with intercrops (sugar maize and common bean) and their planting schemes in melon fields were investigated. The developed elements of the watermelon seed growing technology reduced the impact of high temperatures on this melon crop (the number of fruits with sunburn decreased by 7.1 % compared to control). The results of phenological observations and analysis of yield components, seed productivity and quality of Favoryt watermelon variety in the intercropping with sugar maize and common bean were presented. It was established that the developed elements of the watermelon growing technology in intercropping under high temperatures and low relative air humidity in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine increased of watermelon yield and the full-value seed formation. It was found that intercropping of watermelon with sweet corn under proper cultivation gave positive results (watermelon seed yield gain by 12.4 % and 0.7 t/ha ears of sweet maize in milky-wax ripeness were received additionally), and with common bean (watermelon seed yield gain by 8.9 % and additional 75 kg/ha of beans). Methods and planting schemes of watermelon and intercrops were established: sugar maize in the rows of watermelon according to scheme 2.8 x 1 m, common bean in the rows of watermelon according to scheme 1.4 x 0.5 m. It was found that under intercropping of watermelon with sweet maize the full-value seed yield per one fruit increased up to 88.5 %, and with common bean – to 84.9 %. Key words: watermelon, sugar maize, common bean, intercropping, seed yield.

АДАПТИВНІ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ СОРТУ ЯК ФАКТОР ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ВАЛОВОГО ЗБОРУ ЗЕРНА ПШЕНИЦІ ОЗИМОЇ

It is proved that one of the main reasons for the winter wheat yield decrease is damage of plants in the autumn-winter season by low temperatures in the absence of snow cover and the harmful effects of ground ice crust, which is formed due an alternation between long-term thaws and frosts. It was found that according to adaptability indicators the best for cultivation in the Steppe zone are Smuglianka, Lymarivna, Oriika, Mudrist odeska, Askaniiska varieties of winter wheat. All of them are char-acterized by the sufficient winter hardiness, frost and drought resistance. Over the years of research, the av-erage yield of these varieties was: Smuglianka – 5.31 t/ha, Lymarivna – 6.04 t/ha, Oriika – 6.08 t/ha, Mudrist odeska – 5.84 t/ha, Askaniiska – 6.90 t/ha. Studies was established that for cultivation in arid conditions of the Steppe zone considering the adap-tive and plastic properties of winter wheat, the best varieties were such as: Bohynia, Oleksiivka, Donetska 48, Smuglianka, Epokha Odeska, Kiriia, Zolotokolosa, Blahodarka Odeska, Boghdana, List 25, Rozkishna. It is determined that an important element of agricultural technology improvement for winter wheat cultivation in the eastern part of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine is the genetic potential consideration of modern varieties, namely adaptive properties to increasing of yield by 11–50 % and raise of gross grain har-vest. In particular, plastic varieties of winter wheat are characterized by the formation of consistently high yields in different weather conditions. It is established that the winter wheat varieties of Ukrainian selection and including of different groups of maturity are advisably to grow in a Steppe zone. The share of cultivation areas under early and medium-late varieties should be 10–15 %, and medium-early and medium-ripe – 30–45 %. Key words: variety, yield, weather conditions, productivity, winter hardiness, varietal characteristic.

Peculiarities of formation the grain productivity of spring barley depending on terms and norms of foliar fertilization.

One of the ways to improve the nutritional conditions of plants and therefore increase the productivity of agrocenoses of spring cereals, is the use of mineral fertilizers, both in their main application and in the spring fertilization of vegetative plants. And that is why the purpose of study was to improve agro-technical measures for growing spring barley, which would be based on the use of biological potential of the crop and the use of resource-saving technologies in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. The study was conducted at the Erastivka Experimental Station of SI Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS during 2017–2019, according to generally known methods. Soil of experimental field – ordinary chernozem, low-humic, loamy. The humus content in arable soil layer (0–30 cm) – 4,0–4,5 %, total nitro-gen – 0,23–0,26 %, phosphorus – 0,11–0,16 %, potassium – 2,0–2,5 %, pH of water extract – 6,5–7,0. Field experiments were laid in six-field crop rotation after predecessor winter wheat. In experi-ments seeded spring barley of variety Stalker with seeding rate 4,5 million of grains/ha. Soil prepara-tion, sowing, care of crops and harvesting were carried out strictly according to the zonal recommendations. Variants in a field experiment designed systematically, with three replications. Accounting plots area – 25 m2. Arid conditions of Ukraine’s Steppe zone is quite complex. Two-thirds of land in Ukraine referred to zone of risky agriculture, but even here you can use 30–50 % and more of varieties capacity, in consideration of importance the local gene pool in creating highly adapted varieties based on local varieties and using the developed agrotechnical growing measures, that promotes plants to be resistant to dry conditions of Steppe zone of Ukraine. Weather conditions during the investigation were different, which made it possible to fully assess its impact on grain productivity potential of spring small cereals. Phenological observations, analysis of yield structure elements and grain productivity of spring barley of variety Stalker when grown without fertilizers and fertilizing with N30P30K30 as well as the use of different terms and doses of foliar fertilization of plants with ammonium nitrate and humic preparation humisol plus in conditions of Steppe zone of Ukraine are presented. It was found that the growth, development and formation of productivity elements of spring barley plants were significantly influenced by the timing and dosing of fertilization. Earlier fertilization of plants with ammonium nitrate and humisol plus, carried out on seedlings and in the tillering phase, contributed to better plant growth and development, formation of productive tillering and yield structure elements, compared with fertilization in the phase of stem elongation as in the variant of fertilized background (N30P30K30), as in the variant without the using of mineral fertilizers. Key words: spring barley, mineral fertilizers, foliar fertilization of plants, elements of head structure, grain yield.

The state of heat resources and yield dynamics of the field crops in the conditions of the northern Steps of Ukraine

The most important environmental factors for the environment and habitat of plants include temperature. Agro-industrial production requires up-to-date information on the state of thermal resources and the response of plants to global warming within each region. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the state of thermal resources and the dynamics of crop yields in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. Material for the research was the results of observations of the temperature regime of the AISW Dnipro (1961–1990 and 1991–2018) and data of winter wheat, spring barley, corn, sunflower in stationary experiments on control variants (DPDG “Dnipro”). Statistical data were used to evaluate the data by period: arithmetic mean (M); standard deviation (S); confidence interval (CL0.05) probability (P); repeatability (P × 100 %). Statistical processing was performed using applications in Excel 2003 and Statistica (version 6). Analysis of the thermal regime data showed that in 1991–2018, the average temperature for the year increased by 1.0 °C compared to the climatic norm (1961–1990), by 0.9 °C during the warm and cold periods. vegetation period of early cereals and late crops – by 0.8–1.0 °С. The average rate of increase in the average annual temperature in 1961–2018 was 0.31 ° C/10 years. Between 1991 and 2018, there were 15 cases with temperatures above 9.5 °C, with a recurrence rate of up to 53 %. The last decade (2009–2018) is characterized by a further increase in temperature during the year – by 1.5 ° C, the vegetation of early cere-als – by 1.6 °C, and late crops – by 2.0 °C. It is established that the warming is due to the temperature increase in the cold season – in January, February and March by 1.1,71.7 °C. Positive anomalies occur in July and August (+1.5 ° C). For estimating thermal resources, the important characteristics are the average temperature of the coldest and warmest months of the year. January 10-year average temperatures steadily increased from (-6.5) °C in 1961–1970, to (-4.0) °C in 2011–2018. Their annual variability decreased. The recurrence of high temperature (> -5 °C) in January increased from 34–35 % in 1961–1980 to 73 % in 2011–2018. The average values of July temperatures for 10 annual cycles have steadily increased from 20.8 to 23.0 °C since 1970. The recurrence of temperature> 23.0 °C for 1961–1970 was 2 cases and has increased 2.5 times in recent years. This increases the likelihood of sleepless periods. The positive trend leads to a shift in the dates of the steady transition of the average daily air temperature through 5 °C and the duration of the growing season. Over the last 18 years (2001–2018), it increased by 11–16 days (225 and 209–214). The incidence of such cases increased from 22 % to 44–50 %. At the same time, the increase in the duration of the period with an average daily temperature of ≥10 °C is not statistically significant. The average sums of effective temperatures ≥5 °C over the 10-year cycles in 2011–2018 were 2711 °C, which is 347 °C higher than the base period (1961–1990). Temperature totals increase linearly from 1971 to 2018. However, their recurrence (≥2711) in 2011–2018 sharply increases to 50 %. A close correlation (R2 = 0.75) was established between the duration of the period at ≥5 °C and the sum of effective heat ≥5 °C. A similar trend is typical for effective temperatures at ≥10 °C. The results of the accounting of crops show that for the whole period of observations their average values were: winter wheat (steam) – 4.44 t/ha; spring barley – 2.40 t/ha; corn – 4.32 t/ha; sunflower – 2.15 t/ha. Their distribution was characterized by significant fluctuations due to the variability of weather conditions. However, its maximum levels were noted in the post base period. Against the background of increasing supply of thermal resources in the region, there is an increase in their average yield: steam of winter – by 36 % (3.76 and 5.12 t/ha); spring barley – 24 % (2.14 and 2.65 t/ha ), corn – 11 % (4.14 and 4.59 t/ha), sunflower – 30 % (1.86 and 2.42 t/ha). The probability of forming the optimal yield level of steam winter, spring barley, corn and sunflower (≥4,44; ≥2,40; ≥4,32; ≥2,15 t/ha, respectively, for crops) in the post base period reaches 56–76 % whereas in 1961–1990 it was 25–43 %. Keywords: thermal resources, sum of temperatures, field crops, yield dynamics, adaptive properties.

Результативність застосовування методу гібридизації у селекції Triticum аestivum L. в умовах Миронівського інституту пшениці імені В. М. Ремесла НААН України

Результативність застосовування методу гібридизації у селекції Triticum аestivum L. в умовах Миронівського інституту пшениці імені В. М. Ремесла НААН України

Вплив мінімізації обробітку ґрунту на урожайність польових культур в умовах Північного Степу України

Вплив мінімізації обробітку ґрунту на урожайність польових культур в умовах Північного Степу України

Визначення найбільш адаптивних сортів пшениці озимої різних селекційних центрів в умовах Північного Степу України

Визначення найбільш адаптивних сортів пшениці озимої різних селекційних центрів в умовах Північного Степу України

Assessment of the Adaptive Stability of the Holstein Cows in the Conditions of the Ecological Plasticity in Northern Steppe of Ukraine

Background: Dnipropetrovsk region of Ukraine is located in the northern steppe subzone, where livestock is actively developing, including dairy farming. Cows, imported from other ecological and climatic conditions undergo appropriate acclimatization to new conditions of exploitation. The current research was based on the assessment of the adaptive properties of Holstein cows of different ages to manage and control the level of their milk productivity and reproductive function during exploitation. Methods: All researches were carried out on the milk complex of “Agro-Soyuz”. The information base was data on productive qualities in individual cards of cows, results of assessment of zootechnical and veterinary accounting. To achieve this goal, an analysis was conducted from the first to the seventh lactation of Holstein cows. Result: Our researches allowed establishing the adaptability of Holstein cows of different ages in terms of ecological plasticity of the northern steppe of Ukraine. With a slight imbalance of the organism and the environment cows show high productive qualities at unsatisfactory reproductive function. This work will be a complementary the comprehensive study the adaptation of Holstein cows in different climatic conditions.

Weeding of maize agrocenoses under the influence of tillage and fertilizers in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine

Weeding of maize agrocenoses under the influence of tillage and fertilizers in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine

Peculiarities of growth and development of winter barley plants during the autumn vegetation stage depending on growing conditions in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine

Peculiarities of growth and development of winter barley plants during the autumn vegetation stage depending on growing conditions in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine

Economic efficiency of agri-cultural crops growing depending on soil processing methods and fertilizers in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine

Economic efficiency of agri-cultural crops growing depending on soil processing methods and fertilizers in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine