Northern Sea Route Research Articles

Length of Navigation Season in Current Conditions of Climate Change on the Northern Sea Route

Length of Navigation Season in Current Conditions of Climate Change on the Northern Sea Route

Northern sea route: present climate and future projections

Northern sea route: present climate and future projections

Trends of Opening and Closing date for Navigation on the Northern Sea Route in the Light of Changes in Ice Cover on the Seas of the Siberian Shelf in the Years 2008-2022

Trends of Opening and Closing date for Navigation on the Northern Sea Route in the Light of Changes in Ice Cover on the Seas of the Siberian Shelf in the Years 2008-2022

Расширение БРИКС: последствия для арктического сотрудничества в сфере логистики

The article analyzes the prospects for Russia’s interaction with non-Arctic BRICS states in the Arctic. The purpose of the study is to determine how common the interests of the BRICS countries are in the field of logistics in the Arctic region and how likely cooperation is between them in this area, as well as what is the potential of the new BRICS member countries (United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia and Iran) in this direction. It is shown that for Russia, China and India as the founding BRICS members, the spheres of logistics, development of transport links routes, routes, port infrastructure and cargo shipping are the most promising for circumpolar cooperation, as evidenced by the orientation of the regional strategies of China and India mainly on comercial and economic issues and problems of rational use of resources. At the same time, the analysis of the emerging polar agendas of Iran, Saudi Arabia and the UAE also demonstrates their interest in developing cooperation in the field of logistics and cargo shipping, especially in the area of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) and the international transport corridor (ITC) ‘North–South’, which in the future may lead to the formation of a common interregional transport system within the framework of BRICS and may become a basis for the formation of the BRICS polar agenda in the future. The study was conducted using the theoretical and methodological framework of the theory of international regimes, which assumes the possibility of cooperation in certain areas in accordance with the interests of states, which can be observed in the case of the Arctic agenda between members of the same association.

Арктиканың көліктік-транзиттік әлеуеті және Қытай: проблемалар, мүмкіндіктер және перспективалар

The Arctic region, with its changing climate and shrinking sea ice, has significant potential for transport and transit activities, especially for countries looking for new trade routes and resource exploration opportunities. This article examines the transport and transit potential of the Arctic and its significance for China. Particular attention is paid to the Arctic routes, including the Northern Sea Route, the Transpolar Sea Route and the Northwest Passage. In addition, the paper examines China's involvement in the development of Arctic infrastructure, as well as the potential benefits and future prospects for China in the use of Arctic transport routes. Through in-depth analysis, this article elucidates the evolving dynamics of transport and transit in the Arctic and its implications for China's economic and strategic interests.

Возможности адаптации России к новым условиям глобального развития в период поликризиса мировой экономики

The subject of the study is the state of the global economy, determined by a set of negative trends caused by the coronavirus pandemic; the conduct of a special military operation in Ukraine and the related energy crisis; the military conflict in the Middle East in the Gaza Strip; rising inflation; an increase in the debt burden; the effects of climate change. The purpose of the work is to determine the possibilities of Russia to adapt to the new conditions of global development of the world economy. It is shown that the coming decade will be unique in terms of uncertainty and turbulence, or a "decade of polycrisis" due to the simultaneous intersection of different risk categories. It is proved that the stability of the Russian economy should be ensured by regionalization and reorientation to other world markets in spite of sanctions pressure; Russia's participation in the formation of a broad Eurasian partnership based on the principles of equal and mutually beneficial cooperation; the development of the Northern Sea Route, which will make it possible to ensure communication with logistics hubs in the south of Eurasia. The global risks of the world economy on the horizon of two and ten years have been identified according to their degree of importance. The food price index compiled by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations is considered. The method of reducing the investment imbalance in Russia through the wider application of the stabilization clause is substantiated. Conclusions are drawn about the need to build Russia's state policy in the field of international cooperation without value-political pressure on partner countries.

Реализация программы социальной газификации и догазификации в преодолении проблем отечественного ТЭК

The material of the proposed article seems to the authors to be extremely relevant in connection with the 11 packages adopted by the Western community against Russia, containing more than 12 thousand of all kinds of sanctions and restrictions, including in relation to the export of hydrocarbons. This circumstance has put the domestic economy in an extremely difficult situation, especially in the context of a special military operation. Reorientation of the oil and gas industry to the East, to the countries of Greater Eurasia, year-round transport and industrial development of the Northern Sea Route and the Arctic zone of Russia will not only overcome the problems and difficulties that have arisen, but also strengthen political and economic ties with the states of the Silk Road and the Organization of the Collective Security Treaty (CSTO). The purpose of the study is to provide a comprehensive economic assessment of the implementation of the state Program for Social Gasification/Additional Gasification in the constituent entities of the Federation, as well as to forecast industrial production based on the processing of hydrocarbon raw materials at different degrees of technological conversion into lines of consumer goods and products intended for export. The research results obtained so far by the authors of the article boil down to a review of information sources on the identified problems, an analysis of individual issues of the dynamics of production, export supplies, transportation and pricing of domestic hydrocarbon raw materials, and to determining the success of the implementation of the gasification program in individual regions of the Federation. The conceptual approaches involved were discussed. In conclusion, the article is accompanied by a number of author's conclusions.

Strategy of increasing protein production based on lupin and nano disintegrator technology

The article considers the problem of providing food to the population. To solve this problem, it is proposed to master the process of protein production from lupin. The cultivation of lupin will allow the development of the northern territories of the country and will make it possible to accelerate the development of the northern sea route. It has been established that of all leguminous crops, lupin has the most nitrogen-fixing ability, which will allow further use of arable land for sowing other crops and reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizers used. It is noted that lupine feed is difficult to digest. To solve this problem, high-temperature grain processing has been developed. This technology improves the process of feeding poultry and animals, but has disadvantages such as: high-temperature processing of lupin grain contributes to the destruction of a number of amino acids and reduces the effect of the vitamin complex; significant additional costs are required for hydrothermal exposure. To eliminate these shortcomings, a new lupin processing process is proposed using a disentangulatory technology. To improve the disintegrator technology, a nanodesintegrator process is proposed by using microturbines instead of electric motors, which increases the effect of grinding the structure and activating biological systems by 19.2 times.

Research at the MSU Meteorological Observatory site in 2024

The St. Petersburg Economic Forum emphasized the importance for the development and support of the coastal infrastructure of the Northern Sea Route of the system of state monitoring of permafrost conditions that is being created in Russia in view of the ongoing climate change. Within the framework of this system, the staff of the Moscow State University Meteorological Observatory is carrying out test thermometric boreholes both on sites with natural cover and on sites without it. The article discusses the first results of these works.

Development of the Oil and Gas Potential of the Arctic Region: Issues of Methodology and Practical Implementation

In the development of methodological provisions for the integrated development of hydrocarbon resources are considered issues of improving the subsoil use of the Arctic and continental shelf of Russia. State support measures provide for the introduction of advanced technological solutions, that meet the highest environmental requirements, in all stages of the production processes of oil and gas enterprises. The application of various methodological tools to shelf projects taking into account internal specifics are justified. This contributes to formation of oil and gas centers in the Arctic region, becoming of the Northern Sea Route as a global transport route. The key areas of practical implementation of the state Arctic policy are related to the solution of infrastructure, logistics and socio-economic issues in the Arctic regions, the development of related industries. Strengthening the energy potential of the region provides the adoption of verified state and management decisions, the creation of special legal conditions for the integrated development of oil and gas fields, aimed at stimulating internal mechanisms of economic growth, preserving the unique ecosystem and biological diversity in the Arctic. To a certain extent, this is facilitated by the cluster form of development, the involvement of the largest scientific and industry institutions in the implementation of Arctic projects, which leads to improving professional competencies, and the implementation of a flexible technological policy. The complex development of hydrocarbon reserves of the Arctic and continental shelf makes a significant contribution to the achievement of technological sovereignty of the domestic economy and the advanced technological development of the oil and gas complex.

Системный анализ рисков реализации проектов освоения минерального сырья — условие планирования устойчивого развития Арктической зоны России

For the first time, a systematic analysis of the risks of developing investment projects for the development of mineral raw materials in the Arctic zone of Russia was carried out along the entire chain of elements: Upstream (Search and Production) - Midstream (Transportation) - Downstream (Sales) in order to identify priority technological tasks, the solution of which is necessary to ensure their sustainable development. The main restrictions on the development of year-round shipping in the water area of the Northern Sea Route have been identified. Assessments of the sustainability of the economic development of the Arctic zone based on the entire set of risks of projects and the determination of priority tasks for overcoming them should be coordinated by specialized scientific councils in accordance with the tasks assigned to the Russian Academy of Sciences "expert support of the activities of government bodies and organizations." The primary task is to revise the documents of strategic planning for the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, developed in other geopolitical conditions, correlating their goals and objectives with the current capabilities of the country.

Управление инфраструктурным обеспечением развития арктических территорий

The article considers global and regional levels of management of infrastructure support for the development of Arctic territories. It reveals the most pressing issues of joint exploitation of the Arctic territories in the interests of the Arctic Council countries. The Arctic Council, as a representative body at the international level of economic relations, acts as a management entity declaring the boundaries and priorities of the use of resources, opportunities and immediate territories of the Arctic zones. The presented article reflects the main priorities of the development of the Arctic regions at the international level. The priorities of management and individual management functions in the development of business relations in the Arctic Zone are determined. The article systematizes a number of scientific and practical tasks, the solution of which is necessary for the development of transport channels, but somehow affects the conservation of marine ecosystems of the Arctic seas. Priorities have been set in the use of marine resources, based on the systematization of international proposals for the joint use of Arctic territories. The method of induction is used to classify the subjects of management in the study. Management entities at the international level have been grouped. The international priorities of cooperation research at the macroeconomic level have been determined. The key results of international cooperation of states in the Arctic are presented. Possible sectors of combining domestic and foreign interests in the development of Arctic territories are identified. The difficulties in the implementation of management of the Arctic regions on the territory of the Russian Federation are substantiated. The key differences between the Southern Sea and Northern Sea transport infrastructures serving the development of East–West relations are identified. Priorities in the use of the Northern Sea Route are identified. The prospects of integration of Russian economic activities into promising directions of international transport communication development in the Arctic territories are revealed.

Agriculture in the Polar Regions: New Approaches to Historical Challenges

The implementation of the Northern Sea Route Development Programme aims to increase the permanent population of the Arctic zone of Russia. This problem cannot be solved without a corresponding enhancement of the food supply of the Arctic. The importance of the study is conditioned by the need to modernize the system of food supply of the Arctic territories in the context of external threats. The article examines approaches to developing agriculture and solving the problem of food security in the Arctic regions of Russia. The authors consider the possibilities of the permanent population of the Arctic to produce enough food for their own consumption and the influence of preferential regimes on the development of agriculture and the solution of food security. The authors have analyzed the current regulatory acts and the results of their implementation in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, based on which an assessment of the state policy’s performance in modern conditions is given, together with the authors’ recommendations for addressing the abovementioned task.

A Forward-Looking Study on the Opening of the Northeast Passage: Addressing the Challenges of "Port-City Block"

A Forward-Looking Study on the Opening of the Northeast Passage: Addressing the Challenges of "Port-City Block"

Important factors affecting transportation for shippers and potential demand for the Northeast Passage: A conjoint analysis of Japan

This study utilized choice-based conjoint analysis, along with conditional logit to identify the following three research questions: RQ1: Which factor of the route is important for sippers in marine transport? RQ2: What is the potential demand for the NEP? How does the shipping cost alter the demand? RQ3: Which industry exhibits a high potential demand for the NEP? According to the results, Shipping Time, Percent Delay, Container Temperature, and Shipping Cost impact route selection by shippers. The following order was determined in terms of importance: Cost > Delay > Time > Temperature. The following values were found for the marginal willingness to pay: USD 31.7/FEU for one-day reduction, USD 35.2/FEU for 1% reduction in the delay rate of 1–3 days, and USD 456.0/FEU for a decrease in temperature inside the container from 15 to 45 °C to 5–20 °C. Furthermore, the potential probability of the selection of NEP is 39.4% if the cost is equal. When the cost increases from USD 2585/FEU to USD 2100–2150/FEU, the share becomes equal to the SCR. The Agriculture and Fisheries industry exhibited the highest potential demand, while the Chemical industry exhibited the least demand. These results led to three policy implications. It should be noted, however, that the accuracy of the analysis remains debatable because it is not random sampling.

Развитие атомного ледокольного флота и его роли в экономическом освоении Северного морского пути

This scientific article studies the development of nuclear icebreakers, the history of their commissioning and service; the growth of nuclear icebreaker capacity is investigated. The Soviet and Russian stages of their history have been compared. A diagram of this development was constructed. Key tactical and technical data of nuclear icebreakers are compared; their proportionality and similarity are proved. The prospects of the nuclear icebreaker fleet development are investigated. The growth of cargo turnover along the Northern Sea Route in 1933–2022 is analyzed and systematized. The development of nuclear icebreakers is compared with the growth of cargo turnover along the Northern Sea Route, their interdependence is proved; the diagram of this interdependence is constructed. The reasons for the influence of both the development of the human economy and political events in and around Russia on the changes in the grouping of nuclear icebreakers are revealed. It is identified that the volumes of transportations along the Northern Sea Route in the 21st century are many times higher than in the Soviet era, largely due to the growth of the quality and quantity of the nuclear icebreaker fleet. The reasons for the reduction of the nuclear icebreaker fleet at the beginning of the 21st century under the influence of the general temporary reduction of cargo flows along the Northern Sea Route are shown. Maximum small and optimal sizes of nuclear icebreakers grouping for effective operation of the Northern Sea Route are specified.

Позиции экспертно-аналитических центров России и КНР по российско-китайскому сотрудничеству в Арктике

Today, Russia and China are each other’s most important partners in the international arena. The article discusses such an important area of their relations as interaction in the Arctic region and evolution of its development. In recent years, the role of analytic centers has grown, especially as the world faces complex global challenges such as climate change, economic inequality and political polarization. That is why the positions of the expert and analytical community of the Russian Federation and China on the issue of Russian-Chinese cooperation in the Arctic are of great interest in the article. In particular, the concept of “think tanks” is considered, the expert and analytical communities of Russia and China are studied, the developments of Russian and Chinese “think tanks” in such key areas as the development of natural resources of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and the transport infrastructure of the Russian Arctic, including the Northern Sea Route, scientific and technological cooperation. The article identifies similarities and differences in the views of Russian and Chinese scientists on these issues. The article considers the period from the beginning of Russian-Chinese co-operation in the Far North up to the present time, that is, approximately for the last 10 years.

О роли АНО «НОИВ» в решении проблем горного и взрывного дела (итоги XXIII международной конференции по взрывному делу)

On the eve of the established annual holiday of explosive specialists – the DAY of the BOMBER from September 18 to 22, 2023, the XXIII International conference on mining and explosives was held. It was held in the nearest Moscow region on the basis of the chain hotel Amaks "Krasnaya Pakhra". A distinctive feature of this conference was the discussion of topical issues related to the production and supply of initiation means, ammonium nitrate and explosives to mining enterprises and objects of geophysical work, as well as the problems of the development of mining technologies under the conditions of sanctions and terrorist threat to dangerous production facilities, as well as one of the main problems under consideration, the problems related to development of the northern territories of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and construction of facilities in the development of the Northern Sea Route.

О МОДЕРНИЗАЦИИ СИСТЕМНОЙ МОДЕЛИ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ АРКТИЧЕСКОЙ ЗОНЫ: НЕОКЛАССИЧЕСКИЙ И ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ ПОДХОДЫ

In economic theory, quite often there are questions aimed at discussing the possibilities for developing the Arctic zone. Interest in this problem is due to many factors, among which, first of all, are the high expectations of institutional opportunities obtained as a result of the development of the Arctic zone. This is access to large-scale energy deposits on the continental shelf, priority development of the Northern Sea Route, as well as a way to make the territories of the Far North adjacent to this zone more accessible. However, the main thing in solving the problem posed is not so much the object of research itself, the significance of which no one doubts, but rather the use of an evidence-based methodological basis when choosing a management model that is authentic to the specifics of the Arctic zone. This is due to the fact that the neoclassical version of the mechanism has serious limitations in this matter. Consequently, the fundamental task, according to the authors, in the discourse of modernizing the systemic management model in the Arctic zone is the use of an institutional direction, which opens up the opportunity to rethink the principles of the core of neoclassics and update them taking into account emerging modern material

Доступная Арктика

The article considers the project of development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and the Arctic Ocean coast, the creation of servicing and supporting infrastructure of the Northern Sea Route. The authors present data from a pre-project study of the territory and show the need for its logistical enrichment in order to increase the efficiency of mineral extraction and multiply the volume of transported cargo. To realise these ideas, the authors propose new types of Arctic bases and settlements based on the geometry of geodesic domes, which have a number of technical advantages and aesthetic expression. The authors propose to base the settlement concept on the principles of modularity, interchangeability of individual modules and their component parts, maximum weight reduction and simplified transport. We propose to install wind energy-ecological and a number of other engineering systems to increase the autonomy of Arctic settlements.