Northeast Texas Research Articles

645 PB 407 FIELD STUDY OF BLACK SPOT RESISTANCE IN ROSE

Forty-five rose genotypes including modem cultivars and rose species were evaluated in a field trial for resistance to black spot caused by Marssonina rosae. The trial was designed as a randomized block with four replications at two sites. The plots were planted at College Station (East Central Texas) and Overton (Northeast Texas). Ratings were done for the percentage of leatlets with black spot lesions and for leaf defoliation. These ratings were taken four times during the growing season from May to October 1993. Preliminary results indicate a high degree of resistance in the ten species studied, Modem cultivars were equally divided into moderate resistance, low resistance, and susceptible with only four showing high resistance. Disease pressure was higher and occurred earlier in the season at the Overton site. Disease pressure was highest at both sites in late spring and again in fall. Pressure was lowest in August after a prolonged period without rain. Introduction during the growing season of a previously unseen race of the pathogen was observed by the performance of the cultivar Sunbright.

Do You Really Know What You're Getting into with Interdisciplinary Instruction?

continuity of instruction and inclusion in a core group. most common means of providing continuity for group membership and for instructional continuity has become interdisciplinary teams, an approach that may have become the definitive characteris tic of the middle school concept (Mac Iver, 1990; Jenkins & Jenkins, 1991). As middle school educators refine the use of interdisciplinary teams, numerous challenges have emerged, notably the devel opment of interdisciplinary units, creation of personality-compatible teams, design of instruction to challenge honor students while motivating low achievers, and integration of subject areas into thematic topics. When lis tening to educators who teach on interdisci plinary teams, one conclusion seems irrefutable: When implemented successfully, interdisciplinary teaching allows teachers and students to achieve higher levels of in tellectual and emotional growth. What is often not so evident is the corollary: when unsuccessful, interdisciplinary teams can have substantially negative consequences for students and teachers. Both conclusions were evident in the New Kids Project at a middle school in northeast Texas. New Kids Project began when eighth grade teachers tried interdisciplinary teaming through a pilot program for 60 stu dents identified as academically at-risk. teachers discovered that when they took a personal interest in those students, the students changed their behavior in signifi cant ways. program included several basic components such as team teaching, flexible schedules, computer-assisted in struction, and cross-age tutoring at a nearby elementary school. A strong self-esteem emphasis was central to the project as re flected in the name the students gave to the program. They began calling themselves The New Kids, based on their feeling that they had been given a new chance to succeed in school.

Caddoan Archaeology in the Little Cypress Creek Valley: Recent Investigation at the Griffin Mound Site (41UR142), Upshur County, Texas

As part of the long-term study of the prehistoric archaeology of the Caddo peoples in Northeast Texas, we are currently focusing our investigations on the Little Cypress Creek valley in Upshur County. Although poorly known archaeologically, background research conducted to date, discussions with landowners, and selected survey-limited testing efforts over the last few years indicates that there are extensive Archaic and Caddoan archaeological remains preserved in the Little Cypress Creek valley. Caddoan period archaeologi cal sites (ca. A.O. 800-1600) are particularly common. The investigations of one of the more significant Caddoan sites found to date in the valley, the Griffin Mound site (41UR142), is the subject of this paper.

Rowland Clark and Dan Holdeman Site Human Skeletal Remains

The Rowland Clark site was occupied by Caddoan Indian groups from approximately A.D. 1300-1600+. Twenty one of the 39 burials recovered during the Museum of the Red River excavations were assigned to the earliest McCurtain phase occupation (ca. A.D. 1300-1450); 14 burials were ascribed to a later McCurtain occupation between ca. A.D. 1450 and 1600; four burials belonged to the final McCurtain occupation (ca. A.D. 1600+) of the site. Since infants and children were buried under house floors rather than in the cemetery area associated with each time period, their interment does not necessarily follow the assigned time period. Due to poor preservation and small sample sizes all burials were evaluated as a single Caddoan population. The burials from the Dan Holdeman site were found in a mound and three cemetery areas located on a terrace adjacent to the Red River. Skeletons of 26 individuals were recovered. The remains of an additional 15 individuals could not be retrieved due to their poor preservation. The acidity of the soil at the site contributed to considerable disintegration of the bones, leaving all burials in fragmentary condition. Three time periods are represented in the burials from the Dan Holdeman site. Burials 22, 23, and 25 were associated with a Formative Caddoan occupation (that Perino designated the Spiro Focus) dating about A.D. 1000. Interments corresponding with the Middle Caddoan Sanders Focus, dated about A.D. 1200, include Burials 1-20 and 24. One subadult, Burial 21, dates to the latter portion of the McCurtain phase (ca. A.D. 1650). The skeletal material that could not be retrieved represented individuals living during the Formative and Middle Caddoan occupations. Since much of the data on the osteoarcheology of the Clark and Holdeman sites has been presented in Loveland, specifically stature estimates, skeletal anomalies, and caries rates, it is the purpose of this appendix to summarize other aspects of the skeletal biology of the prehistoric inhabitants of the two sites. However, the poor condition of the skeletons recovered from the sites precludes accurately assessing the biological condition and adaptive efficiency of the people who lived at the site. However, the analyses presented here, and in Loveland, present data that provides a fairly complete picture of Caddoan adaptive efficiency on the Red River in Northeast Texas.

Human Skeletal Remains from the Tyson Site (41SY92)

During the 1993 field season at the Tyson site (41SY92), conducted by the East Texas and Northeast Texas Archaeological societies, two burial features were uncovered. These features contained the skeletal remains of three Caddo subadults, ranging in age from birth to one to two years. Burial 1 yielded the partial skeleton of a child less than two years old, as well as elements of a second, slightly younger, child. Burial 2 produced the remains of a well-preserved infant. This article describes the excavation and osteology protocols, a description of taphonomic conditions, inventory of these burials, demography, size of the subadults, their state of health, and cranial modification.

A job training partnership with Lone Star Steel and Northeast Texas Community College

Employment Relations TodayVolume 20, Issue 4 p. 391-397 Feature A job training partnership with Lone Star Steel and Northeast Texas Community College Sheila Otto Rosenberg, Sheila Otto Rosenberg Sheila Otto Rosenberg, Ph.D., has worked for thirty years in adult and continuing education. She is currently a literacy supervisor with the Texas Department of Commerce in Austin, Texas.Search for more papers by this author Sheila Otto Rosenberg, Sheila Otto Rosenberg Sheila Otto Rosenberg, Ph.D., has worked for thirty years in adult and continuing education. She is currently a literacy supervisor with the Texas Department of Commerce in Austin, Texas.Search for more papers by this author First published: Winter 1993 https://doi.org/10.1002/ert.3910200405 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume20, Issue4Winter 1993Pages 391-397 RelatedInformation

CUT FLOWER PRODUCTION IN NORTHEAST TEXAS

Cut flower production in a low-input greenhouse for winter and spring holiday sales was evaluated. Low-input structure was a plastic covered Quonset greenhouse modified with sides that could be manually raised or lowered. Sides were raised on mild days for ventilation and remained closed for minimum heating for the few brief periods of sub-freezing temperatures characteristic of the local winter climate. Bulbs of tulip (Tulipa sp L.) cultivars `Maureen', `Negrita', and `Oxford' were dry cooled for 12 weeks and planted in December for Valentine's Day forcing. 30% shading did not significantly increase stem length in `Maureen' and `Oxford' but did increase stem length in `Negrita'. `Oxford' was at a harvestable stage for the. Valentine's Day market, but not `Maureen' or `Negrita'. All cultivars were of an acceptable quality. Plugs of snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) cultivars `Appleblossom', `Potomac white', and `Rocket Rose' were planted in late winter at 4 and 6 inch spacing and were either pinched or not pinched. For all cultivars, pinching resulted in higher yield but lower grade. Four inch spacing had a slightly larger number of higher grade stems possibly due to stretching. `Appleblossom' and `Potomac White' were florist grade, whereas `Rocket Rose' was more appropriate for mass marker For both tulip and snapdragon, cultivar evaluation is necessary to determine suitable market strategy.

Maastrichtian ammonites from the Corsicana Formation in northeast Texas

AbstractPreviously undescribed collections of ammonites from the Corsicana Formation (Maastrichtian), the highest unit of the Cretaceous present in northeast Texas, U.S.A., includeEubaculites carinatus(Morton, 1834),Nostoceras (Nostoceras) majorsp. nov.,Glyptoxocerassp., andJeletzkytessp. nov., which are new records for the unit. Other ammonites areSphenodiscus lobatus(Tuomey, 1854),S. pleurisepta(Conrad, 1857),Trachyscaphites yorkensis(Stephenson, 1941),Discoscaphites conradi(Morton, 1834) andBaculites columna(Morton, 1834). Elements of the fauna are present in the Escondido Formation in Trans-Pecos Texas and northern Mexico, the Prairie Bluff Chalk in Alabama and Mississippi, the Owl Creek Formation in Mississippi, Tennessee and Missouri, and the Severn Formation in Maryland. In the U.S. Western Interior they occur in theHoploscaphites nicolletiZone, in the Fox Hills Formation.

Regional Lithofacies Patterns of the Louark Group in Northeast Texas

ABSTRACT The northeasternmost part of the East Texas Basin is a simple area in which to observe the lithologic patterns of the sedimentary wedge consisting of the Late Jurassic Smackover Fm., Buckner Fm. and Gilmer Fm. The area has not been complicated by much salt movement or basement faulting and extrabasinal influences during deposition were minimal. Additionally, subsurface control is moderately dense. Throughout most of the area the Smackover is a shallowing upward carbonate capped by a variably dolomitized grainstone. The overlying Buckner is largely anhydrite and red beds. The Buckner grades into the Smackover to the south and thus pinches out downdip. The Gilmer (also referred to as the Haynesville or Cotton Valley Massive Lime by industry workers) consists largely of clean limestone that grades updip into sandstone and downdip into shale or muddy limestone. These gross patterns coupled with critical interpretations of paleoenvironment based on more detailed lithologic observatons lead to a synthesis of the area's geologic history. With marine inundation of the East Texas area and a lack of terrigenous influx, carbonate began to accumulate and a Smackover shallow marine/shoreline complex prograded basinward. North of the shoreline complex a starved area filled with coastal plain red beds and hypersaline lagoon gypsum. Halite precipitated in the most restricted areas of the lagoon. The Buckner complex prograded basinward concurrently with the Smackover paralic facies creating a sedimentary platform that projected forty-five miles into the basin. A marine transgression reestablished limestone deposition of the Gilmer on the Buckner platform. The shallow marine Gilmer prograded across the platform back to the location of the youngest Smackover shoreline/shoal complex. The shoreline facies aggraded at the platform edge until interrupted by transgression of the Bossier. Terrigenous clastics in the western part of the area near the top of the Gilmer record a short-lived regression. A number of workers have considered the Buckner along the Gulf Coast to be a member of the Haynesville Formation but the nature of the Buckner as described in this report indicates the Buckner is more appropriately considered to be of formation rank in northeast Texas.

Archaeology, the Caddo Indian Tribe, and the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act

Caddo leadership has a long history of working cooperatively with foreign governments. In the seventeenth century, they cooperated with Spanish officials and missionaries who wanted to establish themselves among the southern branch of Caddo tribes--the Hasinai in Northeast Texas. In the eighteenth century, they cooperated with the French who wanted to establish trading posts on the Red River among the Natchitoches and Kadohadacho. In the nineteenth century they cooperated with Americans to establish peaceful relationships with unfriendly tribe. For Caddos, the result of these cooperative efforts was disillusion, decimation, displacement, and finally dispossession. Now, with new hope in the twentieth century, Caddo leaders have again pledged cooperation. This time with agencies, institutions, and individuals affected by an act of the United States Congress: the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA). They do so with a desire to reach mutually satisfactory agreements for the return of some part of what was lost in previous time: respect for their dead and recognition that only living descendants have the right to possess cultural items that belonged to Caddo ancestors.

The Problem of Site Looting in East Texas

It is likely that looting by treasure hunters and grave robbers has destroyed thousands of sites in East Texas. In the last 5 to 10 years, the vandalism and looting of archeological sites by commercial looters on private, state, and federal property has reached epidemic proportions. Undisturbed Caddoan Indian habitation sites and cemeteries, thought to date from about 1200 to 200 years B.P., are very vulnerable to disturbance and destruction by commercial collectors and looters. These folks are. destroying forever irreplaceable evidence about Texas' cultural heritage. The looting and vandalism of Caddoan sites has been a persistent Texas problem since the early 1900s. In an illuminating October 1931 letter regarding the looting problems in Northeast Texas, Professor John R. Swanton of the Bureau of American Ethnology, Smithsonian Institution, commented that "there seems to be no way to handle [the looters] except to salvage as much of the material as possible before they get to it.'t Professor J.E. Pearce of the University of Texas also noted in 1931 that unemployed geologists ...and farmers are digging up camp sites and burial places allover and selling the returns for whatever they can get...It is exceedingly discouraging. I am working as hard as I can with the funds at my disposal to salvage what I can of the situation.

Archaeological Investigations at the Tobert Potter and Harriet Ames Cabin (41MR51) on Potter's Point, Caddo Lake

This paper discusses recent archaeological investigations at the Robert Potter and Harriet Ames cabin site (41MR51) on Caddo Lake at Potter's Point. The cabin site represents a relatively intact mid-nineteenth century archaeological deposit from a Northeast Texas cultural resource of considerable historical significance. The site was located by Mr. Claude McCrocklin and members of the Louisiana Archaeological Society in the summer of 1992. The artifacts collected from these limited investigations were then turned over to the author for study as the first step in assessing the site's archaeological character and preservation potential.

Campanian ammonites from the Upper Cretaceous Gober Chalk of Lamar County, Texas

The Roxton Limestone Member at the top of the Gober Chalk in northeast Texas yields a rich fauna, dominated byBaculites haresiReeside, 1927, andInoceramus balticusBoehm, 1909, with sparse occurrences ofPachydiscuscf.P. paulsoni(Young, 1963),Anapachydiscussp. juv.,Placenticeras placenta(DeKay, 1828),Hoplitoplacenticerasaff.H. plasticum(Paulcke, 1907),Menabites(Delawarella)delawarensis(Morton, 1830),M.(D.)danei(Young, 1963),M.(D.) aff.M.(D.)vanuxemi(Morton, 1830),Submortoniceras vandalinaenseYoung, 1963,Submortonicerassp.,Eubostrychocerassp., andScaphites hippocrepis(DeKay, 1828) III. The presence ofS. hippocrepisIII suggests a late early Campanian age assignment for the fauna. The assemblage includes species known from the Western Interior, Gulf Coast, Atlantic seaboard, and western Europe.

Diagenetic And Sedimentologic Aspects Of Eagle Mills-Werner Conglomerate Sandstones (Triassic-Jurassic), Northeast Texas

ABSTRACT The Eagle Mills-Werner sequence occurs in deep wells (12,000 to 18,000 ft.) in northeast Texas and southwest Arkansas. Eagle Mills sandstones unconformably overlie the Paleozoic complex and disconformably underlie the Werner Conglomerate. Werner-Louann evaporites overlie Eagle Mills-Werner siliciclastics. Basaltic sills and dikes transect these sandstones and conglomerates. Eagle Mills-Werner strata consist of greenish-gray conglomerates and green, red, and pink, coarse-grained, lithic-feldspathic arenites which are interbedded with red, gray, and green shales and siltstones. Lithic arenites and conglomerates contain volcanic and sedimentary rock fragments. These strata represent nonmarine paleoenvironments developed within grabens and are the earliest record of Gulf of Mexico rifting. Eagle Mills-Werner sandstones have undergone a complex diagenetic history, including: chlorite cementation, compaction, quartz and feldspar overgrowths, early carbonate cementation, dissolution of framework grains, chloritization and albitization of feldspars, late cementation by ferroan calcite and ferroan dolomite and late replacement by anhydrite and pyrite. Pyrobitumens coat early chlorite cements indicating that most diagenesis post-dated hydrocarbon migration. This suite of authigenic phases records progressive burial of Eagle Mills-Werner strata into a high-temperature diagenetic regime where thermochemical sulfate reduction was the dominant process.

Travis Peak Core Permeability and Porosity Relationships at Reservoir Stress

Summary Relationships of permeability to porosity are shown from analyses of more than 2, 100 core plugs from nine wells in the Travis Peak, a low-permeability, tight-gas sandstone formation in northeast Texas. Effects of reservoir vs. ambient stress are shown for permeability, porosity, and the Klinkenberg factor. The relationship of brine permeability to gas permeability is also shown.

Fish Community Structure in Dry‐Season Stream Pools

Fish assemblage patterns were examined in 40 dry—season pools in a hydrologically variable river drainage in northeast Texas, to test the hypothesis that fish assemblage structure is correlated with environmental gradients of habitat characteristics. The study focused on two questions: 1. Do discrete, indentifiable fish assemblage patterns exist? 2. If so, how are they related to environmental conditions? The null hypothesis that fishes were randomly distributed among pools was rejected, indicating that assemblage patterns existed. Cluster analyses of the relative abundance of fish species detected three fish assemblages dominated by: mosquitofish; black bullhead; and sunfish—shiner—mosquitofish. Factor analysis reduced environmental variables to six factors representing pool depth, pool persistence, channel size, canopy cover, pool substrate, and pH, by which assemblages could be discriminated. These results demonstrated a relation between fish assemblage structure and environmental conditions in the pools. The discriminating variables varied along a gradient, and fish assemblages varied similarly. The study supported model predictions for gradient trends in species richness, species composition, fish size, and fish density, but not for species density.

SELECTION OF MAYHAW, CRATAEGUS OPACA L., FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL ECOSYSTEMS.

In North America, cultivation of Mayhaws (Crataegus opaca L.) is rare; most commercial harvest is taken from the wild. Crataegus opaca is distributed in northeast Texas, east Texas and southeast Texas along the flood plains of the Angelina and Neuches rivers and their watersheds. Mayhaws are difficult to define due to unusual factors relating to reproduction, including apomixis, or the development of an embryo from cells other than sex cells. Mayhaws are valued for economic use as food, medicine and ornamentals. Since the hawthorn has shown extremely low toxicity in every animal tested, the discovery of isolated constituents thru research has caused pharmacological interest. A small orchard plot of selections with ripened fruit measuring larger than 2.5 cm up to 3.1 cm with bright red or pink color is being established for selecting possible cultivars for medicinal or food uses. Five Crataegus opaca selections were collected due to showing spurtype, large fruits and thornlessness. Yearly production of fruit was noted for five years (even after late freezes) while selections grew in Taggert's Flat, Neuches river bottom, Angelina County. Seedlings are being grafted for further evaluations and uses in sustainable agricultural ecosystems.

Petrography and Diagenesis of Eagle Mills Sandstones, Subsurface--Northeast Texas and Southwest Arkansas

The Eagle Mills Formation (Triassic-Jurassic) has been penetrated by several deep wells (12,000 to 18,000 ft) in northeast Texas and southwest Arkansas. It consists of green, red, and pink conglomeratic lithic arenites and fine- to coarse-grained feldspathic arenites, interbedded with red and greenish gray shales and siltstones. Lithic arenites contain basalt, chert, quartzite, and dolomite rock fragments; plagioclase is the predominant feldspar. All Eagle Mills sandstones have low textural and mineralogic maturities. Eagle Mills red beds and associated intrusive igneous rocks (diabase and basalt dikes and sills) represent the fillings of grabens or rift basins that actively subsided during deposition (in alluvial, fluvial-deltaic, and lacustrine paleoenvironments). Eagle Mills lithic and feldspathic sandstones have undergone a complex diagenetic history, including chlorite cementation (pore linings and pore fillings), compaction, quartz and feldspar overgrowths, dolomite cementation, chloritization and albitization of detrital feldspars, local dissolution of framework grains (igneous lithics and feldspars), precipitation of kaolinite, late Fe-calcite cementation, and saddle dolomite formation. Cement mineralogies are strongly correlative with lithofacies. Lithic sandstones contain the highest frequency of chlorite cements, whereas feldspathic sandstones are preferentially cemented with carbonates and anhydrite; quartz and feldspar overgrowths are ubiquitous. The suite of authigenic minerals in Eagle Mills sandstones recordsmore » progressive burial into a deep, high-temperature (120-150C), semiclosed, diagenetic regime.« less

Hudnall-Pirtle Site: An Early Caddoan Mound Complex in Northeast Texas

The Hudnall-Pirtle (41RK4) site is situated on a large T-1 alluvial terrace of the Sabine River in northern Rusk County of Texas. This part of Texas, comm.only referred to as Northeast Texas, is part of the Southern Gulf Coastal Plain, a relatively level, sloping plain formed by pre-Pleistocene embayments of the Gulf of Mexico. From a biogeographical perspective, the site is located in the Oak-Hickory-Pine Forest. This area represents the western extension of the Southern coniferous forests, and is dominated by shortleaf, longleaf, slash, and loblolly pine trees. In the floodplains of rivers and major creeks of Northeast Texas, the dominant vegetation is hardwood trees, including oak, hickory, elm, and gum. Soils consist of light colored to dark colored sands and sandy loams, with denser clays in the floodplains of major rivers and creek. The soils have been heavily leached by relatively high rainfall that ranges between 40 and 50 inches per year. Soils are generally acid, causing poor preservation of faunal remains in archeological deposits.

Defining Depositional Facies Within a Chronostratigraphic Framework: Paluxy Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Talco Field, Northeast Texas

Defining Depositional Facies Within a Chronostratigraphic Framework: Paluxy Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Talco Field, Northeast Texas