North-West Region Of Russia Research Articles

Weed infestation of narrow-leaved lupine crops in grain-grass-rowed crop rotation in the North-West of Russia

The results of the long term (2012–2018) study of weed infestation of green fallow fields with narrow-leaved lupin in the crop rotation including cereals, grasses and row crops in the North-West region of Russia (Leningrad region) are presented. The assessment of weediness in the narrow-leaved lupine variety Oligarch crops was carried out annually at 24 permanent survey sites (0.1 square meter). Based on the results of the surveys, the formation of a diverse and constant species composition of weeds (from 15 to 25 species), mainly of medium and severe degree of weediness (141–593 specimens per square meter), with the proportion of young plants ranging from 90.4 to 99.7 %. The mass species of weeds were lamb’s quarters, field pansy, corn spurry, hemp-nettles, fumitory, shepherd’s purse, prevalent perennial weeds were field sowthistle, coltsfoot, red sorrel, couch grass, marsh woundwort. The prevailing influence of weather conditions and individual characteristics on the weed infestation of narrow-leaved lupine crop has been determined. The combined effect of two factors was expressed by 47.7, 57.8 and 47.1 % in terms of species abundance, initial abundance and final phytomass of weeds, respectively. Long term application of mineral fertilizers led to an increase in the number of annuals (by 1.5–1.6 times) and a decrease in the density of growth of perennial weed species (by 1.6–1.9 times). The influence of the integrated plant protection system used in the crop rotation was manifested in a significant decrease in the density of perennial weed species (by 4.6 times) in narrow-leaved lupine crop.

Formation of Universal Competencies of Future Teachers in the Network of Regional Universities in the North-West Region of Russia

Regional universities, while continuing to be an important link in the regional system of higher education, are a key indicator of the region’s competitiveness at the federal level. One of the main areas of higher education is pedagogical education, the uniqueness of which lies in the fact that it belongs to the mass, widely demanded, on the one hand, and makes high demands on future teachers, on the other hand. According to the requirements of the federal educational standards of higher education, universities contribute to the versatile development of the individual, starting with the enrichment of knowledge and ending with the formation of universal competencies. Having a high degree of formation of universal competencies, future teachers become effective and sought-after specialists with generally recognized and socially approved behavior patterns. This article discusses the features of regional universities, formulates the concept of universal competencies of future teachers and defines the structure of these competencies. The purpose of the study is to determine the level of formation of the components of universal competencies of future university teachers in the North-West region of Russia. The study used theoretical (analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature that studies the implementation of the competency-based approach and the problems of assessing universal competencies, as well as revealing the essence of the educational process in higher educational institutions) and empirical research methods (remote survey using the online tool «Google Forms» and statistical method aimed at determining the level of formation of the components of the universal competencies of future teachers). The results of the evaluation of the formation of the components of the universal competencies of future teachers showed, on the whole, an advanced, but heterogeneous level of their formation. The data obtained in the course of the study indicates the need for purposeful formation of the components of the universal competencies of future teachers.

Techno-economic evaluation of biofertilizer production using wastewater biosolids: case study from municipal wastewater treatment plants in northwest region of Russia

The continuous and rapid growth of sewage sludge (biosolids) from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) poses both economic and environmental challenges. In many cities of Russia, the situation has exacerbated with time. In this study, three state-of-the-art biosolid management technologies, namely windrow composting (WC), tunnel composting (TC), and lime stabilization (LS), were evaluated for their economic feasibility to produce commercially biofertilizers from WWTP-derived biosolids. Based on an annual discharge of 22,000 m3 of dewatered biosolids from the case WWTP, about 29,785, 22,453, and 35,056 m3 biofertilizers could be produced through WC, TC, and LS, respectively. Analysis showed the selected WC, TC, and LS technological options to be feasible if the selling price of the produced biofertilizer would be maintained at 19 EUR/m3 for WC and LS, and 77 EUR/m3 for TC. The discounted payback period (DPP) of WC, LS, and TC would be 3.1, 18.1, and 25.3 years, respectively, with an IRR (internal rate of return) of 10%. The key characteristics of the treated WWTP-derived biosolids were found to be good enough to meet the existing environmental laws, standards, and regulations in Russia. From an investment perspective, this study is useful in developing WWTP-derived biosolids for biofertilizer production at enterprise level.

Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its risk factors among residents of Saint Petersburg and Arkhangelsk (based on the RESPECT project)

BACKGROUND: The study of the true prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease remains a significant area of research, as there is still a large gap between the official record of detected cases of the disease and epidemiological data.
 AIM: To study the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its risk factors in two cities in the North-West region of Russia.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: A random sample of respondents (2121 residents of Saint Petersburg, 1012 residents of Arkhangelsk); 2974 received qualitative results of spirometry (including 2388 with a bronchodilator test). The questionnaire included demographic, socioeconomic indicators, and risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
 RESULTS: The average age (54.9 9.2 and 52.3 9.2 years) and the proportion of respondents with higher education (37.4% and 29.7%) were higher in Saint Petersburg (compared to Arkhangelsk, p 0.0001). The proportion of ever smokers (49.5% and 44.4 %, p = 0.008), as well as the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (7.6% and 5.4%, p = 0.044), were higher in Saint Petersburg. In Arkhangelsk, exposure to biomass fuel and occupational hazards were more often noted. The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was higher in smokers and increased with age; the prevalence of smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was higher in men.
 CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk factors allows us to better understand not only the prevalence but also the structure and significance of each risk factor in different populations, which will improve the early diagnosis of the disease.

Changes in blood biochemical parameters in the first two months of lactation in primiparous goats of the saanen breed

The biochemical blood profile is one of the tools for monitoring the feeding and keeping of animals, and their state of health. However, it requires clarification for individuals reared both in different climatic conditions and operated under different housing systems. In this regard, the purpose of our study was to assess the temporal changes in the levels of circulating metabolites and the activity of enzymes in the first-flowing Saanen goats in the first two months of lactation, reared with intensive maintenance technology in the climatic conditions of the North-West region of Russia. Blood sampling from primiparous goats (n = 32) was carried out twice: on days 20- 30 and days 50-60 after lambing (MayJune). In the blood serum, the concentration of total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, glucose, total cholesterol was determined, as well as the activity of enzymes: aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). It was found that by the end of the second month of lactation, the most significant changes occurred in lipid metabolism. Thus, the concentration of triglycerides and cholesterol in the blood increased by 71% and 11% (p˂ 0.001). The change in the parameters of protein metabolism was less dynamic: the content of total protein, creatine and albumin increased by 7.4%, 10.8% (p˂ 0.001) and 2% (p˂ 0.05), respectively. ALT activity increased by 19% (p˂ 0.001). Comparative analysis of blood biochemical parameters of the first and second months of lactation showed a positive dynamics of the process of adaptation of primiparous goats. The obtained values of blood biochemical parameters can be used to establish basic physiological values for 1-2 months of lactation in primiparous goats. This will facilitate a realistic assessment of the management, nutrition and health status of Saanen goats reared in large livestock facilities.

Genetic factors of predilection for habitual noncarrying of pregnancy at early stages

By means of the method of polimerase chain reaction the frequency of blank allele of genes GSTP1, GSTM1, and the frequency of polymorphous alleles of gene GSTP1 in 40 pairs with habitual noncarrying of pregnancy at early stages were studied. The results of the investigation testify to the high rate of gomozygotes GSTT1 0/0 in pairs with habitual noncarrying of pregnancy in comparison with indices in general population of North-West region of Russia (37,7% and 23,3% correspondingly).
 The genes GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 code enzymes, which take part in the second phase of xenobiotic detoxication system. Taking into consideration that protein products of these genes to significant extent determine the effectiveness of 2nd phase of detoxication (neutralization of xenobiotics by glutathione binding), we are to suppose that unfavorable environmental factorsplay the important role in etiology and genesis of habitual noncarrying of pregnancy at early stages.

Features of bacterial diseases of rainbow trout in industrial farms in North-West Russia

Studies of the parasite fauna of rainbow trout have revealed a number of pathogens of parasitic diseases at enterprises that use open water bodies as sources of water supply. Of the parasitic protozoa, the most dangerous is Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. This is due to the presence of a free-living stage in this ciliate, as well as to the possibility of localization under the fish scales. Of the helminthiases that occur in rainbow trout during artificial cultivation on the farms of the North-West region of Russia, the most problematic are monogenes and cestodes, which cause gyrodactylosis and trienophorosis. The plerocercoids of the cestode Triaenophorus crassus, in particular, are localized in the musculature of fish and, with a high degree of invasion, trout loses its commercial value. In the presence of a focus of parasitic diseases in natural reservoirs, wild fish are a reservoir of invasion, aquatic invertebrates (planktonic crustaceans, molluscs) are the most important element of the parasite-host system, and fish-eating birds, being the final host, contribute to the spread of invasions. In cage farms, due to the peculiarities of the cultivation technology, the fight against parasitic protozoa is extremely difficult and requires significant labor costs. In basin farms, on the contrary, the design of fish-breeding tanks and the water supply system allows for the most efficient implementation of therapeutic and prophylactic measures. Nevertheless, outbreaks of parasitic diseases can be observed in violation of the cultivation technology (overcompaction of the planting, violation of the feeding regime, etc.). Control of the epizootic state makes it possible to identify infection and carry out a set of necessary therapeutic and preventive measures.

Influence of Food Mycotoxins on Metabolic Indicators of Pigs of Different Ages

The purpose of our work was to determine the presence of mycotoxins in the supplied feed for pig farms and to study the effect of even insignificant, below the maximum permissible concentration of mycotoxins in feed on the biochemical processes of pigs of different age groups. The studies were carried out at one of the large pig farms in the North-West region of Russia and at the Department of Pathological Physiology of the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine (SPbGUVM). For mycotoxicological studies, 40 feed examinations were carried out. Mycotoxins T-2 (T-2 mycotoxin) and DON (deoxynivalenol, vomitoxin) were found in 27 examinations during mycotoxicological research, which is 67.5% of the samples of the studied feed. At the same time, the concentration of mycotoxins T-2 and DON did't exceed the maximum permissible level and was at the level of 20 ± 5 μg / kg and 200 ± 5 μg / kg, respectively. According to the results of biochemical studies of the blood of suckling pigs, piglets of the rearing and fattening groups, the control group of pigs shows a significant decrease in the content of glucose, total protein, albumin and globulins. At the same time, the activity of enzymes is noted, namely, an increase in alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase. There is also an increase in urea levels. In addition, there is a decrease in the concentration of inorganic phosphorus and total calcium. The conducted studies allow us to conclude that the problem of feed toxicity does not cease to be relevant, despite the ongoing quality control measures at the feed mills. As a result of biochemical studies of blood serum, attention is drawn to a decrease in indicators such as total protein, albumin and globulins. In our opinion, this can lead to a decrease in the function of protective humoral mechanisms, both from the side of innate (phagocytosis) and adaptive (antitelogenesis) links of immunity. An increase in alkaline phosphatase allows us to assume the presence of abnormalities in the liver. We attribute the increase in the content of urea to the beginning development of acidosis. Summarizing the data obtained, we made the following conclusions that even insignificant concentrations of mycotoxins can lead both to a serious shift in the body's defenses, and to a shift in metabolic processes and the development of acidosis and organopathologies. In such cases, when suddenly emerging diseases of various etiologies appear, we recommend adding mycotoxicological monitoring of feed to the complex of diagnostic measures.

Analysis and estimate of efficiency technological methods the destruction of Sosnowsky hogweed in the north-west region of Russia

The article explores a number of technological methods for the destruction of Sosnowsky hogweed (Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden) on agricultural lands. Graphical dependences of the degree of re-overgrowing by an invasive species of treated areas with working organs for its destruction were obtained. Based on the analysis of the obtained dependences, the most energy-efficient method of mechanical soil cultivation was revealed, which consists in high-quality pruning of the root system of weeds and the seeding of seeds with working bodies with a variable working width, which provides a significant decrease in the intensity of repeated overgrowing of the area with hogweed.

Efficiency of Xenorhabdus bovienii in protecting potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) against Rhizoctonia black scurf

This research evaluated the efficiency of metabolism products of entomopathogenic nematode symbiotic bacteria (MPEPNSB) of Xenorhabdus bovienii (Enterobacteriaceae) against Rhizoctonia black scurf on potato and effect of MPEPNSB treatment alone and in combination with NPK fertilizers on emergence of plants, yield and biochemical indicators of daughter tuber quality. The field experiment was carried out in 2016 under natural conditions of the Northwest region of Russia on the sod-podzolic loamy soil. The application of MPEPNSB (aqueous suspension, 30 mL/L of water) for the treatment of soil (1000 L/ha), seed tubers (10 L/t) and potato plants in the emergence phase (200 L/ha) inhibited the severity of black scurf by 97 %, the incidence of the disease reduced by 97.6 %. The complex treatment increased the potato plant emergence by 13.8%, yield by 22 %, starch content by 5 % and vitamin C content by 9.3 %. Combined application of MPEPNSB and mineral fertilizers improved yield and tuber quality indicators in potato. Application of MPEPNSB with fertilizers (MPEPNSB + N60P60K90 and MPEPNSB + N90P90K120) increased the potato yield by 55-58 %, starch content by 7.8 % and vitamin C content by 14.5-13.1 %. This study provides a perspective for the use of MPEPNSB for Rhizoctonia black scurf control in potato protection systems. Application of MPEPNSB produced high quality potato tubers.

Features of the structure and spread of the root system of wild species of legumes and their reaction to the level of groundwater

Improving the feed base in the North-West region is a priority for providing farm animals with complete feeds. Perennial legumes contain nutrients that are necessary to increase the productivity of farm animals and adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the region. Legume plants in the composition of grass mixtures form high and stable yields, are characterized by intensive growth rates after the next alienation, and are resistant to intensive hay or pasture use. Each plant species has different requirements for the biological characteristics of growth and development to the growing conditions, therefore, monitoring of species is relevant for their further conservation. For the successful realization of the potential capabilities of perennial leguminous plants, it is necessary to effectively use their gene pool of wild and cultivated species that grow in the flora of the Novgorod region. The article studies the biological and economic properties and characterizes perennial leguminous plants for cultivation in the North-West region of Russia. Laws of transformation of matter and energy within the agrogeosystem and methods for their improvement. Plant communities were identified in which perennial leguminous plants grow, which have selection value as a source material for selection. The structural features of root systems, the reaction to the groundwater level were studied, and their ecological plasticity was revealed.

ДИНАМИКА БИОРАЗНООБРАЗИЯ МЕДОНОСНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В СТРУКТУРЕ БЕРЕЗНЯКОВ

The Northwest region of Russia has a rich forage base for bees. Due to unstable weather conditions, the use of natural honey resources is complicated. The aim of the research was to determine the dynamics of biodiversity of nectar-bearing resources in the structure of birch forests. Registration sites in the birch forests of blueberry, myrtillus and myrtillus grass and under the canopy of the forest stand and at the forest edges of the Kirov Educational Experimental and Kirish Forestries of the Leningrad Region have been laid for accounting. Circular reference plots with an area of 10 m2 and a radius of 178.5 cm were used when accounting for the vegetation of the lower tier. When calculating species diversity indices, species richness indices used in biocenological studies were used. The research results have showed that the factors affecting the species composition of honey plants are the light regime under the stand canopy and biological characteristics of honey plants. The composition and number of species depends on the type of forest. According to Simpson and Margalef, grass birch is distinguished by the species diversity and richness of species. Sorrel birch forest is distinguished by the best forest ecosystem with honey species. When comparing the Sørensen coefficient for sorrel birch and grass birch, it does not exceed 0.5, which indicates the similarity of species in the experimental plots. 200 the Jacquard similarity index indicates that 25-50 % of species in the forest phytocenoses of birch forests are the same. The magnitude of the variegation of living ground cover is high in the forest edge and low in myrtillus birch wood. Thus, the species composition of the melliferous flora of the studied forest types is variable in its structure and composition

The prevalence of smoking among residents of two cities in the North-West region of Russia according to the RESPECT international study

The prevalence of smoking among residents of two cities in the North-West region of Russia according to the RESPECT international study

The prevalence of smoking among residents of two cities in the North-West region of Russia according to the RESPECT international study

The prevalence of smoking among residents of two cities in the North-West region of Russia according to the RESPECT international study

Improving the efficiency of early table beet cultivation in the North-West region of Russia

The appearance of the first marketable root crops with a diameter of more than 50 mm, categorized as elite, in the North-West region of the Russian Federation, may already occur by the end of the third decade of June. The crop price during this period is at least twice the one during mass harvesting. The price depends on the product’s presence on the consumer’s market as well as on weather conditions in the regions of traditional suppliers. In some years, the price can differ by a factor of 3-4. By the time of mass harvesting using traditional technology, the number of elite root crops does not exceed 50%. In order to assess the effectiveness of the proposed early beets cultivation technology, the studies were carried out in the economic conditions of the farm, Leningrad region on the area of 3 hectares. According to the research results, the proposed technology allows to reach 3.3-fold increase of the root crops yield, which are to be sold fresh through the retail network, compared to the traditional one. The gross income using the proposed technology, calculated for sales prices of 2019, amounted to 384.6 thousand rub/ha against 125.2 thousand rub/ha using traditional cultivation techniques.

Сравнительная характеристика и особенности клинической картины заболевания взрослых больных муковисцидозом с хроническим инфицированием нижних дыхательных путей Pseudomonas aeruginosa и другой грамотрицательной неферментирующей флорой

Background: in Russia, the life expectancy of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients increased by 10 years in 2011–2017 being 55.49 years in 2017. However, the number of patients with the chronic infection caused by non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB), e.g., Burkholderia cepacia, Achromobacter spp. etc., increased as well. Aim: to evaluate the differences in the nutritional and functional status and the severity of mutations in CF patients with chronic Pseudomonas infection or NFGNB infection and to assess the sensitivity of P. aeruginosa to tobramycin in CF patients in the Northwest region of Russia. Patients and Methods: 31 patients with CF aged 18–43 years (18 men and 13 women) were examined. The duration of the study was 12 months. Spirometry, anthropometry, and sputum culture were performed. Results: P. aeruginosa alone was isolated in 18 patients (58%), Achromobacter spp. in 9 patients (29%), and Burkholderia spp. in 4 patients (13%). The patients were divided into two groups, i.e., patients with chronic Pseudomonas infection (group 1, n=18, 10 out of 18 patients with mucoid strains of P. aeruginosa) or chronic NFGNB infection (group 2, n=13). The median age and the mode age were 27 years and 27 years, respectively, in group 1 and 24 years and 22 years, respectively, in group 2. It was demonstrated that CF patients with chronic NFGNB infection are characterized by poorer nutritional status (p<0.05) but similar functional status and the severity of CFTR gene mutation compared to CF patients with chronic Pseudomonas infection. It was also shown that Р. aeruginosa is highly sensitive to tobramycin (94.4%). Conclusions: in CF patients, chronic lower respiratory tract infections with Burkholderia cepacia and Achromobacter spp. account for 41.9% of gram-negative rod infections. Further studies and drug sensitivity monitoring are needed. KEYWORDS: cystic fibrosis, DNA test, chronic infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia, Achromobacter spp, non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli, CFTR mutation, nutritional status, pulmonary function tests, inhaled antibiotic therapy. FOR CITATION: Makhmutova V.R., Gembitskaya T.E., Chermenskiy A.G. et al. Comparative characteristics and clinical presentation of cystic fibrosis in adults with chronic lower respiratory tract infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(4):186–191. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-4-186-191.

Content of radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, 40K, 137Cs) in soils of the North-West region of Russia formed on three types of soil forming rocks

The results of a study of the content of natural radionuclides (NR) (226Ra, 232Th, 40K) and technogenic 137Cs in soil samples formed on the most common types of soil-forming rocks of the North-West: lakeglacial (non-boulder and tape clay), glacial and water-glacial deposits are presented. Soil sections laid in the Pskov, Novgorod and Leningrad regions. The granulometric composition in the upper part of the soil profile is lighter than in the parent rock. This is reflected in the NR content in the profile of these soils: with a decrease in the fractions of physical clay and silt, the content of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K decreases. This is due to the fixation of natural radionuclides by secondary clay minerals. According to the increase in the average specific activity of all NRs, the soils form the following sequence: soils on water-glacial deposits soils on moraines - soils on lake-glacial deposits. A comparison of the average specific activity of natural radionuclides and their ranges in the upper part of the soil (0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm) and in the parent rock (90-100 cm) revealed a higher content of radionuclides in parent rocks (lake-glacial and moraine deposits). In the soils on water-glacial deposits, no significant difference was found.

P5334A 15-year follow-up of 315 patients with familial hypercholesterolemia from the North-West region of Russia

Abstract Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is one of the most common inherited diseases that lead to premature atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD). Aim of the study to ascertain genetic and environmental factors influencing the time course of FH during a 15-year follow-up in a large FH cohort from the North-West region of Russia. We screened more than 1ehz746.0302 high risk patients in order to reveal FH in Saint-Petersburg and Petrozavodsk using DLCN criteria. In most patients DNA analysis was also performed. Definite FH (≥8 according to DLCN) was found in 315 patients (221 - in Saint-Petersburg, 94 - in Petrozavodsk). These patients were followed-up for 15 years and more. CHD was more frequent in male patients, patients older than 60 years of age and was associated with higher levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, lower levels of HDL cholesterol, arterial hypertension, smoking and higher DLCN scoring. Patients without CHD had lowest LDL/HDL ratio (5.2±0.45) whereas patients with stable and progressive CHD had LDL/HDL ratio - 7.7±0.89 and 10.4±0.78, respectively (p≤0.05). Genetic study revealed only 1 homozygous patient and 1 patient with apoB-100 (FDP) gene mutation. Only 1 case of FH-North Karelia mutation that is typical for Finland was found in Petrozavodsk. Most of revealed mutations in LDL-receptor gene were unique i.e. found only in 1 family. This suggest the absence of a strong founder effect associated with FH in the North-West Region of Russia. Due to high heterogeneity of FH-causing mutations we failed to establish interrelations between type of LDL-receptor gene mutations and severity of atherosclerosis and CHD time course. 14% of FH patients didn't take any hypolipidemic medications at the onset of the follow-up, whereas 61% took statins and 25% statin + ezetimibe. Homozygous patient was treated both with statin, ezetimibe, evolocumab and LDL-apheresis. Nevertheless, 26% of the treated group didn't achieve the target LDL-C levels. It is interesting that 40% of patients who didn't reach LDL-goals were current smokers (compared with 5% of patients who reached LDL-goals). 33 patients (10.5%) died during the follow-up mostly due to cardiovascular complications. Death rates in FH patients were strongly associated with age, male sex, LDL/HDL ratio, smoking and effectiveness of hypolipidemic treatment. FH is strongly associated with high CHD risk; the time course of FH is much more favourable in females, in patients with low LDL/HDL ratio and free of other modifiable risk factors. Type of LDL-receptor gene mutation doesn't influence lipid levels or clinical manifestations of FH.

Familial Hypercholesterolaemia In The North-West Region Of Russia

Background and Aims: We screened more than 10000 high-risk patients in Saint-Petersburg, Petrozavodsk and Republic of Karelia in order to reveal familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH).

Expression of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor in chorionic villous in missed abortion

The contemporary world despite its enough developed medicine and generally highly enlightened population faces a great problem of vitamin, micro-element and nutrient deficiency turning to become the XXI century pandemic. Along with that significant growth of interest can be seen towards vitamin D importance for reproductive physiology. The fact is that vitamin D receptors (VDR) have been detected in women's ovarium tissue, fallopian tubes, decidua and placenta. Some recent years studies have proven that vitamin D may act as immune regulator during implantation. During early pregnancy the trophoblast release vitamin D, which produces anti-inflammatory reaction and also induce decidual tissue growth for successive pregnancy. It was a comparison between the expression of Vitamin D and VDR in chorionic villous in cases of normal pregnancy and missed abortion groups. 64 samples of chorionic villous were taken: 32 from missed abortion and 32 from the induced abortion group. Abortive material was taken from two groups of women residing in North-West region of Russia: missed abortion and pregnancy terminated at woman's wish (induced abortion); 6–12 weeks of gestation, singleton pregnancy. Immune histochemical examination showed homogenous distribution of vitamin D and VDR expression in syncytiotrophoblasts, cytotrophoblasts and chorion villus stroma.Vitamin D expression relative area was 10,3% which is statistically different from the induced abortion group – 15,4% (p<0,01). VDR expression analysis showed its homogenous distribution in chorionic villus structures in both groups. High VDR expression was detected in chorion villus stromal components. In missed abortion group, the morphometry results showed distinctly lower relative area of vitamin D expression against the comparison group (35,9 ± 1,8; 56,1 ± 2,4 p < 0,01). Also in missed abortion group, positively significant correlation has been determined between the level of vitamin D in blood and VDR relative area expression (r = 0,412). In missed abortion group, definite vitamin D and VDR expression decrease was detected compared to the induced abortion group. The results witness vitamin D importance for pregnancy progress.