North Ossetia Research Articles

РОЛЬ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВА ИНВЕСТИЦИОННЫХ ПРОЕКТОВ В РАЗВИТИИ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ РЕСПУБЛИКИ СЕВЕРНАЯ ОСЕТИЯ – АЛАНИЯ

The scientific article examines the role of investment projects in the development of the regional economy, as well as the prospects for the implementation of priority and breakthrough investment projects in the territory of the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania. The authors examine the main investment projects being implemented on the territory of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, evaluate priority projects, determine the role of priority and breakthrough projects in the development of the regional economy of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, as well as the main prospects for their implementation. The subject of the study is the relationships that arise during the implementation of investment projects on the territory of the republic. The purpose of the scientific article is to establish the role in the development of investment activity through the prism of the implementation of investment projects. The relevance of the topic of this scientific article lies in the fact that investments serve as a trigger for the strategic development of the regional economy.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ФИНАНСОВО-БЮДЖЕТНОЙ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ РЕСПУБЛИКИ СЕВЕРНОЙ ОСЕТИИ – АЛАНИИ И ПУТИ ИХ РЕШЕНИЯ

The article considers the theoretical and practical aspects of ensuring the financial and budgetary stability of the regional budget (based on the materials of the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania). An assessment of the type of financial stability is given and a SWOT- analysis of the state of the republican budget is carried out, the main problems of ensuring the financial and budgetary stability of the region are identified and some directions for their solution are proposed.

О начальном этапе грузино-осетинского конфликта

Introduction. The article examines the background, causes and initial stage of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict, tied to the aggressive and nationalistic policy of the authorities of the Georgian Democratic Republic during the period of independence - 1918-1921. Materials and Methods. The analysis was carried out on f Russian, Georgian and Ossetian sources of various formats, including those of administrative nature and personal origin. First of all, it is necessary to highlight the memoirs and speeches of major political and military figures of the era in question N. Zhordania, V. Dzhugeli, G. Kvinitadze, F. Makharadze. By applying historicalcomparative and retrospective methods of scientific research, it was possible to construct a complete picture of what happened during the period under review. Analysis. The Georgian dictatorship quickly led to an increase in anti-Georgian sentiment among the residents of South Ossetia and subsequent protests against Georgian authorities. While the latter classified the Ossetians as traitors and organized a punitive expedition of unprecedented cruelty and scope in 1920. The article tracks in detail the progress of the operation, the battles with the Ossetian rebels, and lists the repressive actions of the Georgian armed forces on the territory of South Ossetia, in particular, the People's Guard units led by the notorious leader Valiko Dzhugeli, who did not even interfere with the demonstrative killings of local Ossetians. Therefore, this expedition can be clearly assessed as ethnic cleansing, during which almost the entire population of South Ossetia was forced to flee through the mountains to the territory of North Ossetia. Results. It was the tragic events of 1920 that became the basic stage in the periodization of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict, echoes of which we can see in the 21st century.

Художественная жизнь Северной Осетии в условиях социально-политических и экономических изменений (1991–2001 гг.)

Introduction. The reforming of the state structure in the early 90s of the XX century affected all spheres of social life in Russia, which largely determined the vector of further development of artistic culture. Artistic culture is the area that reflects and rethinks the transformational and crisis phenomena in any state. The relevance of the study is conditioned by the recognition of the state cultural policy as an integral part of the national security strategy of the Russian Federation. Undoubtedly, artistic life requires careful study in order to analyze the state cultural policy and the implementation of historical reality in the ethno-cultural component. The novelty of the study is that for the first time the problem revealing regional features of artistic culture is covered with the involvement of an array of archival documents and periodical press materials of North Ossetia. The reference to the relatively past period allows us to identify and formulate key problems, as well as tasks that are relevant in modern society for timely solution. Materials and Methods. The article, based on archival documents and periodicals, examines the artistic life of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania from 1991 to 2001 through the prism of regional specifics of all-Russian processes. Using retrospective and historical-comparative methods, the author has identified the main directions of the artistic life in the republic, as well as the key problems that hindered its qualitative development in the region. Analysis. Historically, in different periods, state authorities have used artistic culture to form priority value and moral orientations. Cultural policy and artistic life in the USSR were characterised by the predominant influence of the public sector. With the collapse of the USSR the former mechanisms of regulation of cultural and other spheres of life were destroyed. The new Russian state faced with the task of creating and shaping renewed cultural, moral and ethical values both in the country as a whole and in multi-ethnic and multi-confessional regions. North Ossetia-Alania is a multi-ethnic republic, so the priority task in the sphere of culture was the need to preserve and develop the foundations of traditional cultural values. Artistic life as the functioning of the system of artistic culture, which includes various types of activities for the production, dissemination, assimilation of artistic values, is one of the key components in the formation of the modern Russian state and society. Results. As a result of the study, the author came to the conclusion that the development of culture in the studied period had a spontaneous and contradictory character, and the artistic life was vulnerable in the conditions of socio-economic and political changes in the country.

КОМПЛЕКСНОЕ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ РЕГИОНА С АКЦЕНТОМ НА СОЦИАЛЬНУЮ ПОЛИТИКУ

The social policy of the region, as a rule, plays a very important role in the development of the region, as it is a guarantor of the well-being of people. The article analyzes the issues of the socio-economic situation of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania for 2023 to the level of 2022. Unresolved problems are identified. The most important tasks have been formed to reach a new level of effective development of the region.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ ДОСТУПНОСТИ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКОЙ ПОМОЩИ СЕЛЬСКИМ ЖИТЕЛЯМ РЕСПУБЛИКИ СЕВЕРНАЯ ОСЕТИЯ – АЛАНИЯ

One of the main problems in medical and drug care for residents of remote areas are difficulties in obtaining the necessary medicines (LP), the lack of pharmacies and medical organizations. In this regard, the population is forced to go to neighboring settlements, which is associated with additional costs, and the purchase of LP becomes a very expensive process. Another problem is the limited range of the range of medicines and other pharmacy products in remote areas, associated either with insufficient demand or lack of economic feasibility in their supply to distributors. The consequence of this is limited access to the necessary drugs, which can significantly affect the condition of patients. In this study, the problems related to the availability of pharmaceutical care for rural residents of the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania were considered. The factors limiting access to the necessary medicines and medical services for the population of remote areas of the republic are analyzed. In the course of the study, it was found that there are no pharmacy organizations in the territory of the settlements of the Irafsky district at all, and the problem of drug provision for these settlements is solved through paramedic-obstetric centers (FAP) that have a license for pharmaceutical activity. However, the availability of medicines for FAPs does not meet the tasks assigned to them. There is a variation in the number of names of medicines sold by medical professionals, and their number is 32.9-87.5% of the list of medicines recommended for FAPs by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation-Alania. The available range of medicines does not correspond to the structure of the most common diseases of residents of rural settlements. In addition, a third of the district's population is deprived of pharmaceutical assistance, since only 9 out of 14 rural settlements have a pharmaceutical license. The study is important for the development of a policy aimed at increasing the availability of pharmaceutical care in the region and ensuring equal healthcare opportunities for all residents of the republic

Prerequisites for the Emergence of Museum Business in North Ossetia

The article analyzes the conditions in which one of the most important public initiatives of the intelligentsia of Ossetia of the late XIX – early XX centuries is the idea of creating a Terek regional museum. The aim of the work was to study the influence of the state policy of the Russian Empire of the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries on the development of the cultural and intellectual space of North Ossetia, as well as the mechanism of interaction between power and the progressive part of society in North Ossetia, which influenced the emergence of a museum affair in Ossetia. Based on the analysis of the activities of educational and charitable societies of the late XIX – early XX centuries in the conditions of an increased number of educational institutions, increasing the level of literacy of the population, developing the economy and the process of urbanization, and, as a result, the emergence of the intelligentsia in Ossetia and the origin of a scientific interest in the history of the peoples of the Caucasus , the author comes to the conclusion about the conceptual, fundamental rethinking of values in the public consciousness, which was manifested by the idea of creating a Terek regional museum.

The Influence of Ethnic Characteristics of Behavior for the Economic Development of the Region

The economic development of the region depends on many factors, including ethnic characteristics of behavior. These features have a significant impact on the economic development of the region. Entrepreneurial activity, labor efficiency, innovative potential and consumer behavior of ethnic groups can contribute to the development of the regional economy or, conversely, interfere with this process. One of the key ethnic features affecting the economic development of the region is entrepreneurship. Different ethnic groups can exhibit unique skills in entrepreneurship that contribute to the creation of new jobs and the development of new industries. Ethnic peculiarities of behavior can also influence the innovative potential of the region. Some ethnic groups show a high degree of diligence, discipline and actively participate in educational and research processes. This contributes to the development of new technologies, scientific research processes. This contributes to the development of new technologies, scientific discoveries and innovative solutions that have a positive impact on the economic development of the region. Different ethnic groups may have their own preferences and consumption characteristics, which contributes to the development of the relevant sectors of the economy. For example, Japanese culture has high requirements for the quality of goods and services, which stimulates the development of high-tech and innovative industries. However, it is worth noting that ethnic peculiarities of behavior can also lead to some challenges for the economic development of the region. For example, some ethnic groups may experience discrimination or face restrictions in access to resources and opportunities. The article is devoted to the study of the influence of ethnic characteristics of Ossetian behavior on the development of the regional economy of the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania. The analysis of behavior reveals the problem of the economic lag of the republic from the rest of the regions of the Russian Federation. As examples, historical facts are used that profoundly influence the behavior and way of thinking of Ossetian people to this day.

Features of the North Ossetian Primary School in the Context of Reforming the Soviet Education System in the 1950s and Early 60s

The article examines in detail the peculiarities of the North Ossetian primary school in the context of the reform of the Soviet education system in the 1950s and early 60s. The reform of education in the USSR in the late 1950s was aimed at optimizing the learning process and strengthening the link between education and practical activities. The study is devoted to analyzing the peculiarities of this reform; the main attention is also paid to the changes in the language policy in the schools of North Ossetia. The relevance of the topic is determined by the need to understand the historical context of modern educational policy and to preserve the cultural heritage of a multinational state. The scientific novelty lies in the comprehensive approach to the analysis of legal and educational initiatives of that period. The methodological basis of the study was the historical analysis of normative-legal acts, as well as retrospective and problem-chronological methods of scientific research. The results show that the introduction of compulsory study of native and Russian languages, as well as changes in the structure of foreign language study, were aimed at reducing the burden on students and creating conditions for the all-round development of the individual. The study emphasizes the importance of the balance between national identity and educational standards. It reveals that the main achievement of the reform was to reduce the teaching load on students by optimizing the language programme, which in turn allowed students to focus on learning their native and Russian languages, while ensuring the preservation and development of national identity. This decision was an obvious compromise between the need to maintain high educational standards and the ethno-linguistic specificity of the republic.

About the manipulative influence of media information on modern youth

In the learning process today, media information is actively used - the media, the Internet, print media, cinema, radio, television and resources. It is known that during periods of instability and social conflicts, media information becomes a source of unreliable, fabricated and (or) incomplete information. Thus, it can not only mislead young people, but also turn into a tool for deliberate manipulation of the younger generation. Based on an analysis of research by domestic and foreign scientists, the authors characterize media information resources and common techniques that are used in the media as a tool of manipulative influence on students. An anonymous survey conducted among 1st–4th year students of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «North Ossetian State University named after K.L. Khetagurov» allowed us to identify the most common media sources. Among traditional media sources are the Internet and television, and among new media are social networks, telegram channels, video blogs - blogs - websites, etc.). In a conversation with students of the psychological, pedagogical and mathematical faculties, it was revealed that, using a huge news flow, students are not ready to competently verify and select information, recognize truth and misinformation, and check false information. In this regard, according to the authors, it is necessary to develop educational programs that promote the formation of media competence of young people, and serious work is needed to prevent dangerous manipulations in the student environment.

Integrated Earthquake Catalog of the Ossetian Sector of the Greater Caucasus

This article is the continuation of a study by authors to create the most complete and representative earthquake catalogs with a unified magnitude scale. The catalog created of the Ossetian sector of the Greater Caucasus (the territory of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania and adjacent areas) was formed by the aggregation of all available data from Soviet, modern Russian, and Georgian catalogs, as well as the data from the International Seismological Centre. The integration was carried out using the author’s approach based on the modified nearest neighbor method. The integrated catalog of the Ossetian sector of the Greater Caucasus contains 16,285 events for the period 1962–2022. For all events, magnitude estimates are reduced to a unified “proxy-MW” scale. The integration of data from various sources made it possible to significantly replenish the beginning of the aftershock sequence of the Racha earthquake with MW = 7.0, which occurred on 29 April 1991. There has been a change in the level of registration over time. Thus, there is a significant lack of events for the periods 1967–1970 and 1988–1991; starting from 1995, the catalog is complete for magnitude 3.2, and since 2005 for magnitude 2.2. The integration of Soviet and modern Russian and Georgian catalogs made it possible to significantly increase the completeness and representativeness of seismic events in the studied Ossetian sector of the Greater Caucasus. This once again demonstrates both the fundamental importance of merging seismic data from global, national, and regional catalogs and the effectiveness of the author’s developed method.

Efficiency of budget expenditures on housing and communal services in the Republic of North Ossetia ‒ Alania

Efficiency of budget expenditures on housing and communal services in the Republic of North Ossetia ‒ Alania

Prospects and ways of agrotourism development in the Republic of North Ossetia ‒ Alania

Prospects and ways of agrotourism development in the Republic of North Ossetia ‒ Alania

Socio-economic problems through the eyes of the youth of the Republic of North Ossetia ‒ Alania

Socio-economic problems through the eyes of the youth of the Republic of North Ossetia ‒ Alania

The definition of “Homeland” in the ideological structure of students in the Republic of North Ossetia ‒ Alania

The definition of “Homeland” in the ideological structure of students in the Republic of North Ossetia ‒ Alania

Personal security: sociological aspects of economic and social security in the Republic of North Ossetia ‒ Alania

Personal security: sociological aspects of economic and social security in the Republic of North Ossetia ‒ Alania

Social problems of youth of the Republic of North Ossetia ‒ Alania: results of a sociological study

Social problems of youth of the Republic of North Ossetia ‒ Alania: results of a sociological study

Analysis and evaluation of prospects for high-quality quartz resources in the North Caucasus

Quartz resources play a crucial role in the development of key economic sectors, particularly in the production of chemically pure silicon. The extraction and processing of these resources necessitate high-tech methods to obtain the desired silicon output. Presently, the demand for silicon stands at 5–6 Ktpa, while the supply remains at 2300 t. An analysis of the chemical properties of various rocks (quartzites, quartz sands, vein quartz) in the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania reveals that their parametric characteristics align with the requirements for silicon production. The researchers in North Ossetia have successfully grown singlecrystal silicon and produced photovoltaic converters. Russian scientists have also achieved the first melting of metallurgical silicon into polycrystalline silicon using vacuum furnaces and electron-beam remelting, yielding promising results. The goal of this research is to analyze and assess the potential of high-quality quartz resources in the North Caucasus. The main objectives include identifying sites with optimal quartz deposits suitable for silicon production, conducting localization, estimating forecast resources, and designating areas for further investigation. The selected sites are expected to possess advantageous geographical and economic features, along with favorable mining conditions conducive to open-pit mining.The study focuses on the Fiagdon site in the Alagir District, RNO-Alania. Various methods, including laboratory work, sampling, examination of constructed sections, and a comprehensive review of mine workings and borehole documentation, were employed. Conclusions from mineralogical and petrographic analyses, alongside laboratory studies and process tests, contributed to the research methodology. The results of the research encompassed the analysis of statistical, economic, geological, and process-related information necessary for addressing primary geological objectives. Subsequent steps involved the selection of prospects for further exploration, specification of geological maps at a 1:10000 scale with accompanying legends and sections, determination of the conditions, morphology, and parameters of productive deposits, and preliminary studies on the quality and process characteristics of quartz resources. Furthermore, the P2 forecast resources of high-quality quartz raw materials for silicon production were localized, estimated at 500 Kt, and rigorously tested. The study’s discoveries have led to the formulation of recommendations for future exploration endeavors.

Labor Mobilization in North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic during Great Patriotic War

The article discusses a range of issues related to labor mobilization during the emergency conditions of wartime in the North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. One of the main objectives of this article is the publication of sources in a scholarly manner. The materials from the Central State Archive of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania and the State Archive of Recent History of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania on the topic are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The materials containing decisions on implementing defense measures, creating a system of defensive fortifications, and mobilizing citizens through labor duty are analyzed. Attention is paid to the activities of the Ordzhonikidzevsk (Vladikavkaz) Defense Committee and local authorities in organizing work in these areas. The relevance of the study lies in shedding light on historical experience in taking defense measures with active support from the population in the rear. The authors emphasize that rear work helped the army to accomplish its tasks. The authors conclude that during the Great Patriotic War, heavy physical labor became a norm of life for women, children, and adolescents who replaced able-bodied men who had gone to the front. Labor mobilization allowed for the quick organization of work by a large number of people and brought victory closer.

A New RNA-Dependent Cas12g Nuclease

The development of RNA-targeting CRISPR-Cas systems represents a major step forward in the field of gene editing and regulation. RNA editing presents a viable alternative to genome editing in certain scenarios as it offers a reversible and manageable approach, reducing the likelihood of runaway mutant variants. One of the most promising applications is in the treatment of genetic disorders caused by mutations in RNA molecules. In this study, we investigate a previously undescribed Cas12g nuclease which was found in metagenomes from promising thermophilic microbial communities during the expedition to the Republic of North Ossetia—Alania in 2020. The method outlined in this study can be applied to other Cas orthologs and variants, leading to a better understanding of the CRISPR-Cas system and its enzymatic activities. The cis-cleavage activity of the new type V-G Cas effector was indicated by in vitro RNA cleavage experiments. While CRISPR-Cas systems are known for their high specificity, there is still a risk of unintended cleavage of nontargeted RNA molecules. Ultimately, the search for new genome editing tools and the study of their properties will remove barriers to research in this area. With continued research and development, we may be able to unlock their full potential.