North Of European Russia Research Articles

Assessment of production potential of the forestry complex of the regions of the European North of Russia

Forest resources and their processing are one of the main components of the economic base of the regions of the European North of Russia. At the same time, the mere fact of the presence of rich wood reserves does not at all indicate their effective use. In this regard, the assessment of the existing production potential of the timber industry complex of these constituent entities of the Russian Federation is of particular relevance and importance. The article discusses the approaches of modern researchers to the assessment of both the forest raw materials and the economic and production potential. The author’s technique is proposed, based on the use of reference values and calculations of the integral indicator of the production potential of the timber industry complex. As a result of the study, the author came to the conclusion that the production potential of the timber industry of the regions of the European North of Russia is not fully used – only 62%. In terms of regions, the leader is the Komi Republic, and the outsider is the Murmansk region. The largest reserves are available in the use of forest and market potential. The low level of use of the first is explained by low rates of development of the estimated cutting area, as well as insufficient volumes of reforestation. Low indicators of assessing market potential are due to the fact that low value-added products still dominate in the structure of production of the timber industry complex.

Особенности и проблемы управления пространственной интеграцией экономики Европейского Севера России

Особенности и проблемы управления пространственной интеграцией экономики Европейского Севера России

Выращивание и заготовка силоса из однолетних бобово-злаковых смесей в условиях Европейского Севера России

Выращивание и заготовка силоса из однолетних бобово-злаковых смесей в условиях Европейского Севера России

ЕВРОПЕЙСКИЙ СЕВЕР РОССИИ: К ВОПРОСУ О ВОЛОГОДСКОЙ АЛЬТЕРНАТИВЕ РАЗВИТИЯ РЕГИОНА НА РУБЕЖЕ 1920–1930-х гг.

ЕВРОПЕЙСКИЙ СЕВЕР РОССИИ: К ВОПРОСУ О ВОЛОГОДСКОЙ АЛЬТЕРНАТИВЕ РАЗВИТИЯ РЕГИОНА НА РУБЕЖЕ 1920–1930-х гг.

НАУЧНОЕ НАСЛЕДИЕ ВЫДАЮЩИХСЯ УЧЕНЫХ НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ ЕВРОПЕЙСКОГО СЕВЕРО-ВОСТОКА РОССИИ: МЕМОРИАЛЬНЫЕ КАБИНЕТЫ И ПРОЕКТЫ

Some of the most promising means of preserving scientific heritage, accessibility of archives and popularization of science are memorial museums or projects memorializing the memory of outstanding scientists. In the European North-East of Russia immortalizations of heritage is carried with respect to interests of scientists - geological, biological and socio-economic sciences. Three stages of the formation of the scientific community in the region have been identified. The first stage is related to the initial research of scientists who visited the European North in the 18th – begining of 20th century. The preservation of scientific heritage was provided by the creation of the A.V. Zhuravsky museum in the Ust-Tsilm, and by creation of monuments and commemorative places. The next period in the study of the North began in the 1930s-early 1940s and involves the arrival of distinguished scientists to the region. After the work of the scientists a large volume of scientific heritage. The materials composed the basis of the museums-apartments and separate expositions in local history museums in Uhta and Vorkuta. Academic organizations were established in the European North of Russia in the mid-20th century. The memory of the outstanding achievements of scientists is perpetuated in the names of geological and geographical objects, streets and museums in the cities of the region. The preservation of the scientific heritage of the scientist of this period is connected with the activities of already existing museums or with the creation of memorial offices in the scientific and production organizations in Uhta, Vorkuta and Syktyvkar. The working interior of the scientist is reconstructed or preserved in the memorial rooms. Memorial projects are implemented in the existing museums and in the higher educational and academic institutions. Memorial exhibitions have a following structure: science – research – teaching – memoirs. The most convenient and accessible forms of preservation of the scientific heritage are separate museums-offices in the existing museums. The interior, objects and documents introduce the visitor of the museum to the interests, hobbies, and results of the work of the scientist. It gets acquainted with the historical period when a scientist lived and worked. The museum and science are linked by historical continuity and intergenerational culture. The regional memorial projects are aimed to identify regional scientific identity and ways of development of the scientific community. The main development of regional museums is connected with the establishing the new personalities of scientists, with adaptation in virtual space and creation of online exhibitions.

Роль купеческого элемента в освоении арктических территорий Европейского Севера России во второй половине XIX – начале XX века. К постановке проблемы

Роль купеческого элемента в освоении арктических территорий Европейского Севера России во второй половине XIX – начале XX века. К постановке проблемы

The Struggle of Believers against the Disclosure of Holy Relics in the European North of Russia in 1918–1920

The Struggle of Believers against the Disclosure of Holy Relics in the European North of Russia in 1918–1920

Accumulation of heavy metals and arsenic in Cladonia rangiferina in the European north of Russia

Accumulation of heavy metals and arsenic in Cladonia rangiferina in the European north of Russia

Пищевой статус сельских детей севера Европейской части РФ и Сибири (по данным антропометрии)

Пищевой статус сельских детей севера Европейской части РФ и Сибири (по данным антропометрии)

Обзор делопроизводственных и статистических источников изучения миграционных процессов на территории Европейского Севера во второй половине XIX века

Обзор делопроизводственных и статистических источников изучения миграционных процессов на территории Европейского Севера во второй половине XIX века

Production of Pondweeds (Potamogeton, Stuckenia, Potamogetonaceae) in Rivers in the North of European Russia

For the first time, summarized data on the production of nine species and ten hybrids of pondweed (Potamogeton, Stuckenia, Potamogetonaceae) are given for ecosystems of small and medium rivers in the north of European Russia. The pondweed is shown to be an important producer of primary organic matter. A significant contribution to primary production in rivers in the region is due to large-size pondweeds and their hybrids, which form dense monodominant stands: P. lucens, P. natans, P. perfoliatus, P. × angustifolius, P. × nitens, P. × salicifolius, P. × sparganiifolius. The production characteristics for the widespread species (P. lucens, P. natans, P. perfoliatus) in the rivers of the region are more than 1.5 times greater than those in reservoirs. Most pondweed species and hybrids show medium productivity and produce <1 kg/m2 organic matter per year, and only P. lucens, P. × vepsicus, S. × fennicа are classifed as having a high productivity.

Публикация документов по истории Европейского Севера России в ИЯЛИ ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН

Публикация документов по истории Европейского Севера России в ИЯЛИ ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН

Особенности роста разных форм сосны обыкновенной в кустарничково-сфагновом типе леса устья реки Онега

Pinus sylvestris L. is the main tree species of forest ecosystems in the European North of Russia, therefore, in-depth studies of the diversity of forms and growth processes of this plant are important. Forms in pine stand out according to morphological and other characteristics. In conditions of prolonged excessive soil moisture, the joint growth of various forms of pine is observed. The aim of the work is to study the growth of various forms of pine according to morphostructural characteristics in the shrub-sphagnum forest type estuary of the Onega River. Investigations of tree growth (according to the form of seed cone scales apophysis and crown habit) were carried out in shrub-sphagnum pine forests of different ages in the north-west of the European part of Russia (northern taiga subzone). Morphometric measurements of the vegetative and generative spheres in the forms of scots pine were made. It is established that the advantage in morphometric characteristics, average values ​​of radial growth, late and early wood has a pine tree with a «convex» apophysis form. The advantage with respect to the morphometric characteristics of the trunk and crown is form with «ordinary» crown habit. The «ordinary» form has larger cones, a larger value of radial growth and macrostructural parameters of wood compared to the «swamp».

“New” rural settlements – former urban-type settlements

Since the 1920s, when the notion of urban-type settlement (UTS) was introduced in Russia, and until the 1980s the number of UTSs was constantly increasing. But since the 1990s, their rapid decline began, and by 2019 more than a third of them were transformed into rural settlements. In this article, the authors try to find out what the new villages the former UTSs are; where they are located; what their functions (largely lost) are, and what the specific features of their population are. From 1989 to 2010, the processes of transformation of UTSs into rural settlements administratively increased rural population of Russia by 2.4 mln people and held back the growth of the urban population share, which increased only slightly from 73.4 to 73.7%. When comparing the census data of 1989 and 2010 in many regions, the administrative ruralization radically changed the dynamics of the population: instead of a real decrease in the number of rural residents, Census-2010 showed the increase of rural population. Former UTSs are losing population more rapidly than the rural areas of their municipal districts, and the most intensive outflow is in logging settlements, centers of construction and colonies-settlements. The average population size of the former UTSs is minimal in the North of European Russia and the Far North, and maximum in the European South and in the Ural-Volga area, where the former UTSs-district centers are mostly concentrated, in which change of their status was purely formal.

NATIVE NAMES OF SHRUBS AND BUSHES IN THE DIALECTS OF NOTHERN EUROPEAN RUSSIA

The article is devoted to the names of the shrubs and bushes in the dialects of European North of Russia. The whole complex of lexemes is analyzed in relation to the origin and semantic connections of the words. The article determines the etymological origins of the key lexeme in the group – «a bush» with a reconstructed meaning «to stand, to stick out of the ground» . The research describes dialect derivatives of the root «kust-«. The author identifies contaminated words on the basis of the seme «dense». Northern Russian dialect names of the bush or shrub are considered in the onomasiological, semasiological, and lexical aspects. The article performs analysis of collective forms derived from «vitsa» as a flexible man-made rod, a branch, and «prut» as «a thin broken or cut branch without leaves» with Slavic origin. The active use of Russian roots like «ros- / rost- / rast-» of Indo-European antiquity is noted. Moreover, the article describes numerous species names. The largest number of nominations is discovered for the willow shrub: five roots are involved. The root «iv-« in dialects appears both in the original version and with metathesis (&gt;«vi-«). In Northern Russian dialect zone the most active word formations are derived from the proto-Slavic origin of the root «bred-«. They form an extensive word-formation nest. The author interprets species appellative names of juniper, cherry bush, rose hip, hawthorn, gooseberry, hazel bushes. The article points out a wide use of names used to describe a dense bush with a root «chap- / tsap-» in the dialects of European North of Russia. The article analyzes the lexemes used to name the shrubs growing on the hills. The most numerous words are the names of water-bushes. Secondary names of shrubs and bushes growing on the hills or in the forests and marshlands are more rarely used. Descriptive names of scrup in abandoned fields are used in only one context. Pragmatic and metaphorical names are infrequent.

Славяне и финно-угры: этническое взаимодействие на Европейском Севере России (на материале наименований типов поселений)

Статья посвящена этническим контактам на Европейском Севере России и их отражению в лексике диалектов Европейского Севера России. Рассматриваются наименования типов поселений, заимствованные из языков местных народов. Лексемы этимологизируются: определяются языки-источники заимствования. Выявляются полиязыковые истоки лексем: представлены разнообразные типы заимствований от финно-угризмов (преимущественно прибалтийско-финского типа) до малочастотных тюркизмов и заимствований из языков Европы. Определяется то, что заимствованные апеллятивные наименования поселений и их частей в говорах Европейского Севера России представляют собой семантически и этимологически пеструю группу слов. Финно-угорские заимствования маркируют идеограмму ʻкуст деревень - несколько поселений, расположенных в тесном соседствеʼ. Только через заимствованные из финно-угорских языков лексемы передается семан- тика ʽпространство вне дома, на свежем воздухеʼ. Обозначения временных жилищ, заброшенных поселений являются исключительно финно-угорскими по происхождению. Идеограммы ʽшалаш, сделанный пастухом из хвойных прутьев для защиты от непогодыʼ, ʽпространство вне дома на свежем воздухеʼ, ʽместо для спанья на воздухеʼ, ʽместо, где находится сторож, сторожевой постʼ маркируются в севернорусских диалектах только лексемами с финно-угорскими корнями, причем источники заимствования многообразны. Для большинства лексем анализируемые значения вторичны либо уже на уровне языка-источника, либо в русском языке. Наиболее частотно развитие значения на основе иной географической семантики: ʽбезлесная гора, возвышенностьʼ, ʽнизина, долинаʼ, ʽугол, сторона, крайʼ. The article is devoted to ethnic contacts in the European North of Russia and their reflection in the vocabulary of dialects of the European North of Russia. Names of types of settlements borrowed from languages of local people are considered. Lexemes are etymologized: languages and sources of borrowing are defined. Polyglot origins of lexemes are revealed: various types of borrowings from Finno-Ugric (mainly Baltic-Finnish type) to low-frequency turkisms and borrowings from European languages are presented. It is defined that the borrowed appellative names of settlements and their parts in dialects of the European North of Russia represent a various group of words semantically and etymologically. Finno-Ugric borrowings mark the ideogram ʽbush villages-several settlements located in close proximityʼ. Only through lexemes borrowed from the Finno-Ugric languages the semantics 'space outside the home, in the fresh air' is transmitted. Designations of temporary dwellings, abandoned settlements are exclusively Finno-Ugric in origin. Ideograms ʽa hut made by a shepherd from coniferous twigs for protection from the weatherʼ, the space outside the house in the fresh airʼ, ʽa place to sleep outdoorsʼ, the place where the guard, the guard postʼ are marked in North Russian dialects only through lexemes with the Finno-Ugric roots, and the sources of borrowing are diverse. For most lexemes, the analyzed meanings are secondary either at the level of the source language or in Russian. The most frequent development of meaning is based on some different geographical semantics: bezlesny mountain, vozvyshennosti, Nizina, Dolina, Ugol, side, cry.

Avtomobiljnyy passazhirskiy transport v Arkticheskoy zone Evropeyskogo Severa Rossii (sovetskiy period)

Avtomobiljnyy passazhirskiy transport v Arkticheskoy zone Evropeyskogo Severa Rossii (sovetskiy period)

Rail transport as a vector of emerald ash borer

Abstract The emerald ash borer (EAB) Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is an invasive woodboring beetle native to northeastern Asia that continues to expand its range within North America and European Russia. The insect reproduces within and kills most North American species of ash Fraxinus spp. Because both the adult and larval life stages of EAB are difficult to detect prior to development of tree symptoms, much work has focused on quantifying spread and clarifying the potential movement pathways to improve early detection and monitoring strategies. In the present study, we retrospectively analyzed county‐level infestations of emerald ash borer in the state of Iowa, U.S.A., subsequent to the initial detection of EAB in 2010. Visual data analysis had suggested that new infestations were not in accordance with the expected patterns of establishment along roads, near campgrounds or by large population centres. We found a positive correlation between the establishment and detection of EAB in Iowa counties and the length of railroads in each county. To our knowledge, this is the first statistically significant association between rail pathways and the spread of EAB on the North American continent.

Роль полиморфизма А1166С гена рецептора 1-го типа ангиотензина II (AGT2R1) в формировании факторов сердечно-сосудистого риска у юношей и девушек Европейского Севера

Роль полиморфизма А1166С гена рецептора 1-го типа ангиотензина II (AGT2R1) в формировании факторов сердечно-сосудистого риска у юношей и девушек Европейского Севера

Signals of Positive Selection in Human Populations of Siberia and European Russia

Human adaptation to extreme climatic and geographic conditions mediated by natural selection may be one of the major factors for formation of genetic structure in North Eurasian populations. Using data on a genome-wide set of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we searched for the signals of positive selection in five populations of Siberia and the Russian European North. From 113 to 185 genomic regions with extended homozygous haplotypes blocks containing altogether 771 genes were found in each of the populations. Cross-population search of the selection targets resulted in about 150 genomic regions, 57 of which overlap with the results of haplotype analysis in individual populations. Genomic loci with the most profound signals of positive selection in northern populations include regions of SLC30A9, CACNA1C, KCNQ5, ABCA1, ALDH1A2, CSMD1, RBFOX1, and WWOX, as well as some other genes. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that major biological processes where selection targets are implicated are those conferring the response to external stimuli, including proteins, nutrients, and glucose, and defense reactions, including inflammatory immune response. The network of protein-protein interactions of genes under positive selection forms distinct clusters related to a number of biological processes indicated above. Results of the study indicate that non-neutral microevolution mechanisms may play a substantial role in genetic structuring of the human populations during long-term adaptation to unfavorable environmental conditions.