Northeastern Forest-Steppe Of Ukraine Research Articles

Field similarity and survival of buckwheat plants depends on elements of technology in the conditions of the Northeastern Forest Steppe of Ukraine

Field similarity and survival of buckwheat plants depends on elements of technology in the conditions of the Northeastern Forest Steppe of Ukraine

THE INFLUENCE OF THE PREDECESSOR AND SOWING DATES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SEED INFECTION OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE

THE INFLUENCE OF THE PREDECESSOR AND SOWING DATES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SEED INFECTION OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE

The influence of plant growth regulators on the quality of mustard seeds in the conditions of the north-eastern Forest Steppe of Ukraine

The influence of plant growth regulators on the quality of mustard seeds in the conditions of the north-eastern Forest Steppe of Ukraine

The dependence of the yield of winter wheat on the time of sowing in the conditions of climate change in the Northeastern Forest Steppe of Ukraine

The dependence of the yield of winter wheat on the time of sowing in the conditions of climate change in the Northeastern Forest Steppe of Ukraine

Diversity of the Entomocomplex of the Grass Stand of a Hemp Field in The North-Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

The agrobiocenosis of the grass stand of hemp field is a specific plant biotope, which is a place of shelter, feeding, resettlement, and breeding for many insect populations, which in one way or another affecting the growth, development and yield of hemp plsnts. Taking this into consideration awareness of the species composition of phytophagous insects as well as the complex of their natural enemies and neutral species became especially relevant awareness due to the necessary to develop an effective system of protection of hemp in the context of current conditions. The aim of the research is to improve the ecologically oriented system of hemp protection by means of studying the taxonomic composition of entomofauna in the grass stand, as well as the trophic and ecological structure of insect groups associated with that habitat. The studies was conducted in 2019-2021 on the basis of the Northeast Agricultural Institute of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences out during the vegetation of plants by means of mowing with a standard entomological net every ten days, from 10.00 till 15.00 o’clock when the insects were the most active. The current taxonomic composition of entomocomplex of the grass stand in hemp field is represented by 174 species of insects that belong to 76 families and 9 orders. The Coleoptera turned out to be the largest in terms of the species diversity and the number of individuals (56 species from 16 families and 74.6% of the number of captured insects). Were also detected insects from the orders Hymenoptera (31 species from 15 families), Hemiptera (30 species from 11 families), Diptera (20 species from 12 families), Homoptera (17 species from 8 families), Lepidoptera (12 species from 8 families), Orthoptera (4 species from 3 families), Neuroptera (3 species from 2 families), Thysanoptera (one species) were also detected. In the trophic structure of the entomofauna in grass stand of hemp field, 85.9% of the number and 59.8% of the species diversity account for phytophagous insects. Pests of hemp were 39 species of insects from 22 families, and 6 orders. Among them, 36 species, which accounted for 18.7% of the total number of specimens, were polyphagous and three, or 81.3%, were specialized species. The presence of insect pests in the grass stand of hemp field was characterized by oligodominance, as evidenced by quantitative and qualitative data, and indices of species diversity. Thus, the dominance structure is represented by one eudominant (Psylliodes attenuata – 81.1%), one subdominant (Mordellistena parvula – 4.72%), four recedents (Lygus pratensis, L. rugulipennis, Lygocoris pabulinus, Stictocephala bisonia – 8.6%) and, 33 subrecedents (5.58%). The obtained research results will be used in order to solve the problems related to the danger of basic phytophagous insects during the vegetation period of cannabis sativa plants and to develop a modern environmentally-oriented strategy to control their numbers and harmfulness

Identification of drought resistance sources in winter bread wheat ontogenesis

Aim. To determine drought resistance of winter bread wheat varieties and to select, on this basis, accessions - sources of high drought resistance for inclusion in breeding programs. Results and Discussion. The results of studying the drought resistance of winter bread wheat accessions in the northeastern forest-steppe of Ukraine in 2019-2021 are presented. Varieties with high drought resistance during the juvenile period were found: Krasa Laniv, Darynka Kyivska, Lira Odeska, Tobak, and Mavken. Varieties with high drought resistance during the generative period were also identified: Doskonala, Pryvablyva, Darynka Kyivska, and Dahmar. We distinguished accessions with above medium or medium drought resistance during the juvenile and generative periods: Zdobna and Tobak. There was a correlation between drought resistance during the juvenile and generative periods (r=0.73). The yield variation coefficient of the varieties ranged 17.1% to 51.0%. Accessions with moderate variation of the trait were selected: Mavken (17.1%) and Tobak (17.3%). Conclusions. We selected accessions combining high performance with sufficient drought resistance during the juvenile and generative periods: Doskonala, Pryvablyva, Zdobna, and Tobak. They can be used as sources of drought resistance in winter bread wheat breeding for adaptations to water deficit.

OPTIMIZATION OF THE OF SUNFLOWER CROPS STRUCTURE IN TECHNOLOGIES WITH RETARDANTS APPLICATION

The results of experimental studies to determine the actual changes in stem height, plant productivity and sunflower yield depending on the plant density and different variants of retardant application are presented in the article. The research was carried out in a model field experiment with a density gradient from 19.84 to 160.0 thousand plant / ha. The aim of the research was to determine the optimal parameters of the crop structure of new sunflower Choral hybrid in the technology with retardant application. It has been established that the optimal variant for ensuring the technological parameters of the plant height of the Choral hybrid in the northeastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine was the complex application of Moddus retardant according to the scheme "seed treatment + plant treatment in the phase of 8-10 leaves". To maintain the basic level of yield, it is proposed to increase the calculated indicators of the final (pre-harvest) crop density from 56.5 to 73.1 thousand plants / ha.

Ecology typological assessment of forest vegetation of the North-Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Recently, significantly increases the need for a detailed study of various aspects of the modern natural, spontaneous and artificially generated phytodiversity as the main element of the formation and regeneration of natural ecotypes structural elements for building national ecological network. It is necessary to examine various aspects of the natural and spontaneous vegetation formed. Based on the ecological specifics of the North-Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, a detailed analysis of natural and artificially formed forests on the floodplain, pine terrace and plateau of the rivers of the Dnieper and Seversky Donets basins, as well as in ravine-beam systems is required. Peculiarities of forest vegetation conditions, distribution of tree species and ecological conditions of their growth are given. According to forest management data, the area of the North-Eastern Forest-Steppe covered with forest vegetation is 336110.3 ha. The distribution of forest areas by edatopes is as follows: trophotopes — oak wood (220640.2 ha, 65.64%), sugruds (54739.2 ha, 16.29%), subors (52174.5 ha, 15.52%) and pine forests (8556.4 ha, 2.55%); hygrotopes — fresh conditions (282960.3 ha, 84.19%), dry (35576.7 ha, 10.59%), damp (12179.5 ha, 3.62%), moist (4634.3 ha, 1.38%), wet (749.0 ha, 0.22%) and very dry conditions (10.5 ha, 0.003%). There are 38 types of forests areas covered with forest vegetation, which are dominated by fresh maple-linden forest (183442.0 ha, 54.58%), a slightly smaller area occupied by fresh oak-pine forest (47040.9 ha, 14.00%) and linden-oak-pine sugrud (33999.3 ha, 10.12%), as well as dry maple-linden forest (28697.7 ha, 8.54%). The composition of forest-forming species is quite diverse and is represented by 60 species of woody and shrubby plants. The main forest-forming species is Quercus robur (190153.9 ha, 56.58%). Pinus sylvestris (86212.1 ha, 25.65%) and Fraxinus excelsior (20318.5 ha, 6.05%) have slightly smaller areas, all other species occupy small areas. Research a variety of forest habitats will provide an opportunity to plan the conservation, reproduction and protection of phytodiversity, including species of sozophytes from different conservation lists, as well as to balance the provision of ecosystem services by tree and shrub plantations of the North-Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.

Adaptability of winter bread wheat by homeostaticity and breeding value

Aim. To determine the adaptability of modern winter bread wheat varieties by homeostaticity and breeding value of their yields in the northeastern forest-steppe of Ukraine. Results and Discussion. The adaptability of modern winter bread wheat varieties was determined by homeostaticity and breeding value of their yields in the northeastern forest-steppe of Ukraine. It was found that, in mid-tall genotypes, homeostaticity (Hom) ranged 22.6 to 84.5 with a higher breeding value (Sc = 3.49–6.32) compared to semi-dwarf accessions (Hom = 18.9–56, 3 and Sc = 3.16–4.99, respectively). Korovaina (Hom = 84.5) and Vyhadka (Hom = 75.8) (UKR) are highly homeostatic mid-tall accessions. As to the semi-dwarf group, MV Nador (HUN) was the best in terms of this trait (V = 10.8%; Hom = 56.3). We demonstrated that the shares of the middle-homeostatic accessions were 28.6% in the mid-tall group and 30.8% in the semi-dwarf group; the shares of the low-homeostatic accessions were 57.1% and 69.2%, respectively. We selected sources with the highest breeding value for this parameter of adaptability, which exceed its average value in the experiment (Sc = 4.9). They include Metelytsia Kharkivska (Sc = 6.32), Korovaina (Sc = 6.16), Raihorodka (Sc = 6.00), Vyhadka (Sc = 5.74), Zoloto Ukrainy (Sc = 5.63), Darynka Kyivska (Sc = 5.42), and Hubernator (Sc = 5.08) (UKR). The shares of sources distinguished due to their breeding value are 50% in the mid-tall group and 38.5% in the semi-dwarf group. Conclusions. Korovaina (Hom = 84.5; Sc = 6.16) and Vyhadka (Hom = 75.8; Sc = 5.74) (UKR) are the most significant mid-tall genotypes that combine high homeostaticity and breeding value. The sources of adaptability identified in the study of homeostaticity and breeding value are valuable starting material to create new highly adaptive and promising varieties of winter bread wheat in the northeastern forest-steppe of Ukraine.

Characteristics of potato varieties by tuber waterness under the conditions of the North-Eastern Forest Steppe of Ukraine

Characteristics of potato varieties by tuber waterness under the conditions of the North-Eastern Forest Steppe of Ukraine

ПРОДУКТИВНІСТЬ СОЧЕВИЦІ ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД ІНОКУЛЯЦІЇ НАСІННЯ ТА МІНЕРАЛЬНОГО ЖИВЛЕННЯ В УМОВАХ ПІВНІЧНО-СХІДНОГО ЛІСОСТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ

The article presents the study results of the effect of bacterial preparations Rhizohumin (based on nitrogen-fixing bacteria Rhizobium leguminosarum strain 31) and Polymyxobacterin (based on phosphorus-mobilizing bacteria Bacillus polymyxa KB) on different backgrounds of mineral nutrition (P60K60, N60P60K60) when growing lentil in the north-eastern forest-steppe of Ukraine. The research was conducted on the basis of the training and research production center of Sumy National Agrarian University according to generally accepted methods during 2016-2018. Lentil is one of the most valuable legumes. In terms of nutrition and nutritional qualities, this culture has no equal. The development of new and improvement of existing models of lentil cultivation technology, in particular the pre-sowing inoculation of seeds with bacterial preparations to increase productivity is an important topical issue that requires appropriate scientific justification. Inoculation of lentil seeds with bacterial preparations causes additional involvement in the nitrogen cycle of the atmosphere. This event is one of the most important in modern technologies for growing legumes as an element of greening and energy conservation. Due to the fixation of nitrogen by nodule bacteria of the genus Rhizobium, lentils play an important role in increasing soil fertility. Therefore, seed inoculation is an effective and necessary measure that affects plant development throughout ontogenesis. The study of the peculiarities of growth and development of lentils during ontogenesis makes it possible to reveal the important features of the formation process of high productivity, to determine the scientific basis for the creation of highly productive agrocenoses of legumes. The level of yield of legumes is determined by such elements of productivity as: the number of beans per plant, the weight of grains per plant and the weight of 1000 grains. In this regard, there is a need to take into account these indicators, which, by substantiating the cultivation techniques will help to increase yields. It is established that the combination of seed inoculation with the application of mineral fertilizers intensified the processes of growth and development of plants, caused an increase in the number of beans and grain weight per plant, as well as the mass of 1000 grains, as a result - yield increased by 0.42-0.58 t / ha . The maximum level of yield was provided by a combination of pre-sowing inoculation of seeds with Rhizohumin with fertilizer application in a dose N60P60K60.

Growth and development of chickpeas under the conditions of the northeastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Recent years in Ukraine have been particularly arid and hot, thus there is a steady prospect for growing more drought- and heat-resistant crops. Chickpeas are one of the most adapted crops for arid natural and climatic zones. The results of research on the responseof modern varieties of chickpeas to growing conditions are presented. The research was conducted during 2019–2020 atTPC (training and practical center) of Sumy NAU.
 According to the research results, under the conditions of the northeastern Forest Steppe of Ukraine, the variety of Skarbhad the shortest growing period (93 days), and the variety of Jordan – the longest (110 days). Varieties of Pamyat, Odysey, Admiral, Argument, Budzhak, Triumph, and Krasen had a growing season from 101 to 104 days. The varieties of Odysey and Triumph form significantly higher plants (52.4–53.3 cm). The variety ofSkarb had the lowest height (42.7 cm). The height of the attachment of the lower bean in all studied varieties met the requirements for this trait, which ranged from 17.5 to 22.5 cm. It is worth noting the highest number of branches of the first order in varieties of Krasen (4.5 pcs.), a bit result value was shown by the varieties of Admiral(3.7 pcs.), Pamyat (3.5 pcs.), and Triumph (3.1 pcs.). An important component of the formation of the vegetative sphere of plants, and then the productiveorgans of flowers and fruits, are the branches of the third order. Besides, the maximum number of branches of the third order (2.8 pieces) was obtainedin the varieties of Odysey and Budzhak.
 The maximum number of leaves was counted in the variety of Krasen (93.8 pcs.) and the minimum – in varieties of Pamyat (58.4 pcs.) and Jordan (61.1 pcs.). The rest of the varieties had the number of leaves within the group average (68.8 pieces). A similar trend was observed in the leaf surface area. Thus, the leader was the variety of Krasen (37.8 thousand m2/ha) and the variety Pamyat was the outsider (27.8 thousand m2 / ha). In the vast majority of varieties, the indicator was within the group average value (33.6 thousand m2/ha), in particular,Skarb (34.6 thousand m2 / ha), Jordan (32.9 m2 / ha), Odysey thousand m2/ha), Argument (34.1 thousand m2/ha), Admiral (32.6 thousand m2/ha), Budzhak (33.1 thousand m2/ha), and Triumph (34.6 thousand m2 / ha). The results of the correlation analysis revealed a close direct (r = 0.88) relationship between the number of leaves and the leaf surface area. The maximum content of chlorophyll was found in the variety of Pamyat (60.5), slightly less – in the varieties of Jordan (58.1), Budzhak (57.2), and Admiral (57.1). The variety of Krasen was characterized by the minimum value of chlorophyll content (51.1). It should be noted that there is an inversely proportional relationship between the chlorophyll content and the number of leaves (-0.80) and the leaf surface area (-0.90).
 The research results show that under the conditions of the northeastern Forest Steppe of Ukraine (Sumy region), the chickpea varieties of Argument, Budzhak, Odysey, Skarb, and Triumph form the optimal parameters of the assimilation surface of sowing. In the future, these varietal characteristics will ensure the highest grain yield during the growing season of 93–103 days.

Biological characteristics of sorghum crop

Nowdays global trends in climate change have drawn attention of the scientific community to crops with wide range of plasticity to abiotic environmental factors. Sorghum crop is a species with properties like these. Moreover it is a crop with great potential of yield and versatility of use. Grain sorghum belongs to the plants with ability to form the high level of productivity under various growing conditions, providing moisture, soil, and temperature regimes. Sorghum is the undisputed leader among field crops in its ability to withstand to prolonged droughts, high air and soil temperatures.
 Aridization as the result of climate change causes in expanding the potential region for grain sorghum growing. In recent years, due to global climate change towards warming, there is an increase in the likelihood of droughts not only in the Steppe zone, but in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine as well. This causes the inclusion of drought- and heat-resistant species in the crop range. The main argument for more intensive involvement of grain sorghum in the region agrocenoses - its high ecological plasticity, which can be a full-fledged alternative to other spring grains (such as barley, corn, sunflower, millet) in unfavorable terms of hydrothermal coefficient of the growing season. The basic technology elements of grain sorghum cultivation for ensuring high and stable yields in the southern regions of Ukraine have been studied in many researchers. However, the technological elements of grain sorghum cultivation in the North-Eastern region of Ukraine require detailed research to guarentee the high level of yields. The breeders established new modern varieties and hybrids of this crop, their reaction to the factors of the yield formation (sowing time and plant density, nutrients, etc.) were studied fragmentarily. The relevance of these problems, the insufficient level of their scientific substantiation, determined the scientific feasibility, practical significance of the study of the peculiarities of growing grain sorghum in the conditions of the North-Eastern region of Ukraine. Prospects for further research are based on the development of scientific principles for ensuring high productivity of grain sorghum with high quality indicators in the North-Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.

Productivity of Sugar Maize of Hybrid Moreland F1 Depending on Technological Factors of Growing

The article presents the results of research on studying the influence of plant standing density and level of mineral fertilization on the productivity of sugar maize of hybrid Moreland F1 on sod-podzolic soils under conditions of Ivano-Frankivsk region. It was found that the highest field germination of seeds was observed in the variant with application of mineral fertilizers in the dose N135P90K125+N60+N30, and the lowest - in the control without fertilizers. Application of mineral fertilizers was favorable for better plant survival, which was 82.5-84.9%. The best indices of harvest structure were provided by the crops of sugar maize under agro-technical complex with nutrition background N135P90K125+ N60+ N30 and plant density 60 thousand/ha, namely: quantitative yield of grain from the commodity cob - 445.2 pieces; dimensions of commodity cob without covers - 17.1 cm in length and 4.3 cm in diameter; weight of commodity cob - in covers 181.6, without covers - 138.7 g; mass yield of grain from the commodity cob - 65.5 g. The highest level of crop yield was achieved with fertilization background N135P90K125+N60+N30 and plant density of 70 thousand/ha, namely 5.56 t/ha. Keywords: Sugar maize; Plant standing density; Mineral fertilizers; Yield References Vihrachov V. M., Berdin, S. I. (2010). Use of modeling to optimize the density of corn stalks for silage using natural soil fertility. Visnik Sumskogo NAU, seriya “Agronomiya i biologiya“, 4 (19), - P. 67-71. Pysarenko V. A., Lavrynenko Yu. O., Pysarenko P. V. (1999). Ways to improve corn technology for grain irrigation under conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. Ahrarnyi visnyk Prychornomor’ia: Zbirnyk naukovykh prats. Silskohospodarski nauky. Odesa, 3 (6), II, - P. 63-67. Hlushko T. V. (2010). Yields of corn hybrids of different groups of ripeness on grain depending on the background of nutrition and biological products. Zroshuvane zemlerobstvo. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats. Kherson: Ailant, V. 55, - P. 15-27. Tsykov V. S. (1998). Corn - for food and industrial purposes. Propozytsiia, V. 7, - P. 20-23. Radchenko M. V., Butenko A. O., Glupak Z. I. (2018). Effect of fertilizer system and efficiency of growth regulator on buckwheat productivity in the conditions of the northeastern forest-steppe of Ukraine. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology. 8(2), N€. 89-94. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2018_314. Zhuzhukin V. I. (1992). Sugar corn s a promising vegetable crop. Stepnye prostory, V. 5, - P. 32-38. Karpenko O. Yu., Rozhko V. M., Butenko A. O., Masyk I. M., Malynka L. V., Didur I. M., Vereshchahin I. V., Chyrva A. S., Berdin S. I. (2019). Post-harvest siderates impact on the weed littering of maize, 2019, 9(3), 300-303. DOI: 10.15421 / 2019_745 Skubytskyi I. I. (1994). Corn reaction. V. 79-80, - P. 16-21. Litvinov D. V., Butenko A. O., Onychko V. I., Onychko T. O., Malynka L. V., Masyk I. M., Bondarieva L. M., Ihnatieva O. L. (2019). Parameters of biological circulation of phytomass and nutritional elements in crop rotations. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 9(3), 92-98. DOI: 10.15421 / 2019_714 Marenichenko M. V. (2005). Influence of plant standing density and nutritional background on corn yield on hybridization plots. Biuleten Instytutu zernovoho hospodarstva UAAN, V. 23-24, - P. 65-68. Butenko A. O., Sobko M. G., Ilchenko V. O., Radchenko M. V., Hlupak Z. I., Danylchenko L. M., Tykhonova O. M. (2019). Agrobiological and ecological bases of productivity increase and genetic potential implementation of new buckwheat cultivars in the conditions of the Northeastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 9 (1), - P. 162-168. Lytvynov S. S. (2011). Methods of field experience in vegetable growing. Moskva: RASHN VNIIO, 650 N€. Bondarenko H. L., Yakovenko K. I. (2001). Methodology of experimental business in vegetable growing and melons. Kharkiv: Osnova, 366 p. Abramenko V. H., Malychenko L. P. (1966). Features of biology and agricultural engineering of sweet corn during irrigation in the northern partof theVolga-Akhtuba flood plain. Ediblecorn. Moskva, - P. 28-32. Lykhochvor V. V., Prots R. R. (2002). Maize. Lviv: NVF "Ukrainski tekhnolohii", 48 N€. Kolisnyk O. M., Butenko A. O., Malynka L. V., Masik I. M., Onychko V. I., Onychko T. O., Kriuchko L. V., Kobzhev O. M. (2019). Adaptive properties of maize forms for improvement in the ecological status of fields. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 2019, 9(2), - P. 33-37. Pashchenko Yu. M. (2010). Corn sugar - hybrids, cultivation technology, seed production: scientific and methodological recommendations. Dnipropetrovsk: Instytut zernovoho hospodarstva NAAN Ukrainy, 24 p.

Assessment of resistance of new varieties of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) to damage by main insects-phytophages in the north-eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Determining the risks associated with a high degree of damage to new varieties of hemp is relevant to ensure effective control of phytophages at all stages of cultivation. The aim of the research is to study the biological resistance of new varieties of hemp to the main phytophagous insects in the north-eastern forest-steppe zone of Ukraine.
 The research was conducted in 2019‒2020 on the natural background of hemp plant population by pests according to generally accepted entomology methods in the field of the scientific and experimental base of the Institute of Agriculture of the North-east of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, located in the northeastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The material for the research was new hemp varieties of Ukrainian selection, namely Hlesiia, Hloba, Lara and Sula, which were compared with the standard variety Hliana.
 Weather conditions in the years of research has significant difference between themselves. Thus, the vegetation period of 2019 was characterized by an extreme deficit of precipitation against the background of higher temperatures, which contributed to the formation of high population density of major pests in the study areas and significant damage to hemp plants throughout the growing season. 2020 was marked by higher temperatures with moderate humidity. Heavy rainfall, which exceeded the average long-term norm by 1.7 times and the average daily temperature was 2.0 °C lower in May, restrained the going out of phytophagous insects from wintering grounds, which reflected in less damage to feed plants in the initial stages of organogenesis.
 It was found that in the conditions of the north-eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine during 2019‒2020 the main species of pests in the hemp field were: hemp flea beetle (Psylliodes attenuatа Koch, 1803) – 71.5 % of the total of phytophages in the herbage, sunflower tumbling-flower beetle (Mordellistena parvula Gyllenhal, 1827) – 3.20 %, beet leaf aphid (Aphis fabae Scopoli, 1763) – 0.75 % and еuropean corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner, 1796) – 0.06 %. It was investigated that the varietal characteristics of hemp plant affect the level of damage by dominant phytophagous insects. Thus, the plants of the Hloba variety had a significantly lower level of damage by the hemp flea beetle P. attenuata (Koch, 1803) and were distinguished by a high level of resistance to other main phytophages. The greatest damage and population of hemp plants by dominant phytophages was noted for late-ripening variety ‒ Lara and somewhat less for Sula variety. The obtained research results will be used in the development of a modern environmentally-oriented system of hemp protection, as well as in the search for mechanisms of resistance to insect pests in the further breeding process.

The phytosanitary status of sunflower crops оf north-eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

The high economic efficiency of sunflower growing contributed to a sharp increase in the sunflower planting acreage in Sumy region. The increase of cultivated areas under sunflower resulted in an oversaturation of crop rotations with this crop. The study of the phytosanitary status of sunflower crops was carried out in the basic farms of the phytosanitary security department of the Main Office of State Consumer Service (Derzhprodsluzhba) in Sumy region. The research methodology was commonly accepted.
 The main pests of sunflower crops were grey beet weevil (Tanymecus palliates Fabr.), larvae of common click beetle (Agriotes sputator L.), darkling beetle (Opatrum sabulosum L.), larvae of the western may beetle (Melolontha melolontha L.), leafcurl plum aphid (Brachycaudus helichrysi Kalt).
 The sunflower seedlings were damaged grey beet weevil, darkling beetle. The most widespread soil pests were the larvae of the western may beetle and larvae of common click beetle.
 Leafcurl plum aphid populated sunflower crops with 6‒8 pairs of true leaves. It continued to spread across the field during the inflorescence stage and the stage of initial blossom. The highest pest colonization was observed at the edge of the field in 2015, 2017 and accounted for 16 % of the plants. In the middle of the field, the aphid colonization was lower than at the edge.
 During the years of research, the economic threshold of sunflower pest harmfulness was exceeded only in some years. Sunflower damage by grey weevil beet, larvae of common click beetle, darkling beetle, larvae of the western may beetle was weak, and their number was insignificant.
 The increase of sunflower acreage did not lead to a significant growth of pest number, the exceeding of economic threshold of their harmfulness.

Breeding evaluation of chinese bread winter wheat varieties recent in the northeastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Experimental researches had been carried out during 2012–2016 in the crop rotation of Sumy National Agrarian University (SNAU) of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. Soils on the experimental field of SNAU – black soil typical deep, non-humusful medium-loam with high and medium provision with elements of mineral nutrition. The humus content about 3.9 %. The reaction of the soil solution is close to neutral (5.8).
 The analysis of the weather conditions of 2012–2016 researches was conducted on the basis of annual data provided by the meteorological station of the Institute of Agriculture of the North-East of the NAAS, located five kilometers from the experimental field of SNAU. The SNAU soils are classified in the second agro-climatic region of the Sumy region, which according to a long-term data is characterized by temperate continental climate with warm summers and not very cold winters with thaws. Average daily (average annual) air temperature during 2012–2016 fluctuated from +7.9 to +9.5 ºС, and the legth of the frost-free period was close to 230 days. Long-term indicator, precipitation falls within 597–600 mm, with most of it – in the warm period (April-October). In general, the weather conditions during the winter wheat vegetation periods differed from the average annual parameters of the temperature regime, the amount of precipitation and their monthly distribution. It should be noted the excess of temperature to the average long-term index, as well as a slight precipitation increasing. In general, it facilitated to a comprehensive evaluation of the studied Chinese varieties as for an adaptive ability under condition of Ukraine.
 The samples of Chinese winter wheat varieties which originated from the expeditionary gatherings conducted by V. A. Vlasenko in Gansu and Hebei provinces in (2000–2012) were the material for conducting researches. The cultivar Podolianka (the standard) was used in the study for comparison. The research was carried out using field, laboratory and mathematical-statistical methods. Phenological observations and records, evaluation and harvesting were conducted in accordance with generally accepted methods.
 The results of research as for adaptive potential of Chinese bread winter wheat varieties are presented. 50 new cultivars of Chinese origin were analyzed under the conditions of left-bank side of North-East Forest-Steppe of Ukraine: super-early varieties – 10 %; early ripening varieties – 54 %; middle-early varieties – 12 %; mid-ripening varieties – 24 %. As for the level of tolerance for winter conditions, all groups of alien crops were inferior to the standard (cultivar Podolyanka) though they had a great level of index (6.4–7.9 points). In general, Chinese cultivars under the conditions of the research were characterized by relatively satisfactory tolerance for winter conditions; 52 % of analyzed patterns wintered at the level of standard with 8 points. Among them: super-early varieties – 2 %; early ripening varieties – 20 %; middle-early varieties – 8 %; mid-ripening varieties – 22 %. As for the height of the plants we identified – from medium-sized (81‒110 cm) forms to dwarf (30-50 cm). The analyzed genotypes divided into medium-sized forms – 22 %, dwarf forms – 14 % and semidwarf forms – 64 %. There was a direct relation between: a plant height → group of ripeness (r = 0.96) → group of ripeness (r = 0.92) → resistance to overwintering (r = 0.78). Among the analyzed patterns high resistance against a group of diseases had the varieties: middle-early genotypes – Longzhong 10, Zhong mai 19, Shijra zhuang 8; mid-ripening genotypes – Longzhong 1, Longzhong 3, Longzhong 2, Longzhong 4, Longzhong 12, Longzhong 7; early ripening genotypes – DF529, Lankao 906, DF581, СА0175, Zhongmai 9, Shi 4185, Jimai 22, Shixin 733, Shimai 12. As for the crop better than the standard: early ripening varieties –Jimai 19, DF529; middle-early varieties – Shijiazhuang 8, Longzhong 10, Jingdong 8; middle-early varieties – NSA 97-2082, Longzhong 2, Longzhong 4, Longzhong 7, Longzhong 5, Longzhong 8, Longzhong 12, Longzhong 11, Longzhong 3. 16 % of analyzed cultivars distinguished by the totality of researched characteristics – DF529, Shijiazhuang 8, Longzhong 3, Longzhong 10, Longzhong 4, Longzhong 7, Longzhong 12, Longzhong 2.

Historical aspects of Pinus rigida Mill. introduction measures to optimize the structure of genetic-selection facilities for the further utilization of the species in north-eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

In the course of the literature analysis on the introduction of PinusrigidaMill.Conclusions that indicate the feasibility of continuing research to optimize the structure of the forest seed base for the further use of the species in the north-eastern forest-steppe of Ukraine has been made. Specifically, it has been found that the results of experimental studies on the biological and ecological properties of P. rigida in habitat and Polesie regions characterize it as a fast growing and highly productive plant that has adapted in this region to a wide range of growth conditions, which may induce growing the species under the conditions of the northeastern forest-steppe of Ukraine for further use in protective forest plantations; the effects of global climate change are becoming more pronounced in Ukraine, so given the problems showed, it is worth paying attention to the species under study, which lies in its ability to stool shoot.
 The project of development of P. rigida genetic-selected objects has been proposed, which stated the following: optimization of the structure of the forest-seed base of the researched species in the north-eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, the proposed recommendations will allow to accelerate the transition of seed production in the region to genetic-selection grounds for utilization in protective forest plantations; given the much higher wind resistance of the species under study compared to Pinus sylvestrisL., it should be introduced as an accompanying breed of up to 20 % in pine forests to increase productivity and wind resistance of plantations; we can produce 278 trees during the period of seedsproduction according to our recommendations to create 1.0 ha P. rigida plantation. About 30 kg of cones or 900 g of seeds can be harvested from one tree. Accordingly, given the germination of seeds of P. rigida, we will be able to get about 35806 seedlings from one tree. Due to the high regenerative ability of the species (stoolshoot), it should be used in the creation of protective forest plantations. Introduction of the species will reduce the cost of supplementation.

Effects of testing conditions of complex interspecies potato hybrids, their backrosses on the average weight of commercial tubers

Purpose and objectives. To determine the potential of complex interspecies potato hybrids, their backcrosses in terms of the average weight of commercial tubers and to identify the effects of exrenal conditions on the trait expression.Materials and methods. The study was conducted in two soil-climatic zones: the northeastern forest-steppe of Ukraine (Sumy National Agrarian University) and southern woodlands of Ukraine (Institute of Potato Growing) in 2015–2017. We studied the influence of external conditions on the average weight of commercial tubers in 34 complex interspecies hybrids and their backcrosses. The technique was common in experiments on potato.Result and discussion. A high potential of the material under investigation was recorded for the average weight of commercial tubers with the maximum expression of the indicator in a double backcross of four-species hybrid 00.72 /5 in SNAU in 2017 –217 g.We experimentally proved the influence of the external conditions: the study locations and meteorological conditions during the growing period on the trait expression. Hybrids with the average weight of commercial tubers of >100 gin the SNAU conditions were the most frequent in 2017 (23.5%) and the least frequent in 2015 and 2016 (4.9% and 3.9%, respectively). In the IPG, there were no such hybrids in 2015 or 2017; their percentage only was 1.0% in 2016.The high potential of the material under investigation in terms of the trait expression is confirmed by occurrence of hybrids with an increased level of the indicator than that in the best standard variety, which was observed regardless of the external conditions.The best conditions for the formation of commercial tubers with the maximum weight were in SNAU in 2017; their percentage was 27.5% of their total number. Close, albeit lower, percentages were achieved in the IPG in 2016 and 2017: 15.7 and 13.7%, respectively.We observed significant effects impact of the external conditions during the potato growing period on the indicator expression. In SNAU trials, most of the hybrids had the variation coefficients within 21-30% and 31-40%, and in the IPG conditions they were £ 10% or 11-20%. The above-said was also confirmed by categorization of the hybrids, depending on the experiment location and the conditions during the growing period. In SNAU, 2017 was the most favorable for the trait expression. The opposite was true for2015. Inthe IPG, the best distribution of the material by the high average weight of one commercial tuber was noted in 2016 and the worst - in 2015.We revealed different relationships between the genetic control of the trait and the external conditions in sibling forms, which was manifested as various expression of the indicator depending on the trial location and the meteorological conditions in the trial years.Conclusions. The influence of the conditions in the study location and the meteorological conditions during the growing period on the expression of the average weight of commercial tubers was demonstrated. They affected the fulfillment of the genetic potential of the accessions under investigation, its maximum manifestation, the variation coefficients, and categorization of the hybrids into classes of the indicator values.

Evaluation of CIMMYT’s Triticum aestivum L. accessions from the 4th WWSRRN for resistance to powdery mildew in the north-eastern forest steppe of Ukraine

Aim. To determine immunological characteristics of CIMMYT’s accessions from the 4th WWSRRN for resistance to powdery mildew in the north-eastern forest-steppe of Ukraine and to select resources of resistance of the train of interest. Results and Discussion. Thirty five CIMMYT’s accessions from the 4th WWSRRN were taken as the test material. Resistance of wheat plants to powdery mildew was assessed on natural infectious background using varieties - infection accumulators (Keprok, Agassis) in compliance with conventional. To determine the yield capacity of the varieties, we analyzed the plant morphology in harvested sheaves. We measured the plant height and 1000-seed weight. The data were statistically processed. We found that the variability of resistance to powdery mildew in the 4th WWSRRN accessions significantly depended on the genotype – 44 %. In a three-year study, we discovered that the highest resistance was intrinsic to the middle-late group (7.3 points), and the lowest one – to the mid-ripening group (6.3 points), though these accessions had the highest adaptability because the variability was 0.8 points. We compared accessions belonging to various ripeness groups. The middle-late group contained the highest percentage of highly resistant genotypes – 83 %. The test accessions were compared with check variety Podolianka for resistance to powdery mildew. Thirteen accessions significantly exceeding the check variety were identified. We distinguished accession Fiorina with high resistance (8.1 points) to the pathogen. Having examined the averages for the 4 ripeness groups, we can state that the highest yields were produced by accessions from the mid-early and mid-ripening groups - 588 g/m2. Therefore, these groups of varieties have the best adaptability. Conclusions. The comprehensive study of the CIMMYT’s accessions from the 4th WWSRRN on natural infectious background using varieties - infection accumulators allowed us to single out accessions with high resistance to the powdery mildew pathogen and other economically valuable characteristics: Cv. Rodina/AE. Speltoides (10 KR), Vorona / HD2402 // Steklovidnaya 24, ETA / K-62905=ESTER, Cv. Rodina / Aе. Speltoides (10 KR). They can be recommended as sources of resistance to the pathogen, high adaptability and performance for programmes developing new breeding material of winter wheat.