Integral Norm Research Articles

Agents with Principles? Preventing Conflict-Related Sexual Violence with Human Rights Laws and Norms

ABSTRACT: Focusing on conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV), we posit that behavioral expectations in the form of norms and laws have a visible impact on government militaries. Using data from over 2,000 actor-incidents between 1989 and 2015, we find a robust negative relationship between physical integrity norms and CRSV. CRSV is often a gendered act, but its prevention is not. Our analysis suggests that CRSV prevention rests with the imperative to respect physical integrity rights. This inherent respect restrains government actors even when elements of formal military control are absent or only inconsistently enforced.

Improving serious illness communication: a qualitative study of clinical culture

ObjectiveCommunication about patients’ values, goals, and prognosis in serious illness (serious illness communication) is a cornerstone of person-centered care yet difficult to implement in practice. As part of Serious Illness Care Program implementation in five health systems, we studied the clinical culture-related factors that supported or impeded improvement in serious illness conversations.MethodsQualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews of clinical leaders, implementation teams, and frontline champions.ResultsWe completed 30 interviews across palliative care, oncology, primary care, and hospital medicine. Participants identified four culture-related domains that influenced serious illness communication improvement: (1) clinical paradigms; (2) interprofessional empowerment; (3) perceived conversation impact; (4) practice norms. Changes in clinicians’ beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors in these domains supported values and goals conversations, including: shifting paradigms about serious illness communication from ‘end-of-life planning’ to ‘knowing and honoring what matters most to patients;’ improvements in psychological safety that empowered advanced practice clinicians, nurses and social workers to take expanded roles; experiencing benefits of earlier values and goals conversations; shifting from avoidant norms to integration norms in which earlier serious illness discussions became part of routine processes. Culture-related inhibitors included: beliefs that conversations are about dying or withdrawing care; attitudes that serious illness communication is the physician’s job; discomfort managing emotions; lack of reliable processes.ConclusionsAspects of clinical culture, such as paradigms about serious illness communication and inter-professional empowerment, are linked to successful adoption of serious illness communication. Further research is warranted to identify effective strategies to enhance clinical culture and drive clinician practice change.

Random points are good for universal discretization

There has been significant progress in the study of sampling discretization of integral norms for both a designated finite-dimensional function space and a finite collection of such function spaces (universal discretization). Sampling discretization results turn out to be very useful in various applications, particularly in sampling recovery. Recent sampling discretization results typically provide existence of good sampling points for discretization. In this paper, we show that independent and identically distributed random points provide good universal discretization with high probability. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a simple greedy algorithm based on those points that are good for universal discretization provides excellent sparse recovery results in the square norm.

Japan and the liberal international order: rules-based, multilateral, inclusive and localized

Abstract This article examines Japan's security and foreign policy as an example of how a major power engages in the liberal international order (LIO) and what this implies for the future of that order. Facing China's increased power and influence in the past two decades, Japan has made strategic adjustments in response to regional and global power transitions while developing an idea of a wider geopolitical landscape on Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's initiative. However, this article argues that Japan's idea of an expanded regional scope and its vision of order were addressed decades earlier through ‘comprehensive security’ (sogo anzen hosho). While the country is an ally of the United States and clearly accepts the alliance as a key part of international order, Japan has its own ideas about international order; these accept much of the LIO but go beyond it, particularly in the articulation and operationalization of comprehensive security. By adopting the concept of norm localization, this article argues that Japan does not have the power to coerce others to take any actions to defend the current international order, but it can adapt and tweak the dominant LIO norms, principles and practices to build congruence with local norms of sovereignty and territorial integrity embedded in its own region. To create a broader consensus in favour of sustaining the LIO, major powers like Japan can approach the sceptics by presenting an alternative to either total rejection or total acceptance of the LIO norms.

Welcoming refugee children with a moral, rather than merely legal, right to education: Ideas for a cosmopolitan design of education

In this paper, we argue for the moral and not merely the legal right to education for refugee children. National education in many countries is challenged by refugee flows and influx of displaced people. However, there is a tendency to think of refugee flows as isolated events rather than parts of the dynamics of a world society that national education systems needs to respond responsibly to and build capacity for. Consequently, there is a gap between the legal right to education for refugee children and its practical realization, and granting refugee children access to national education systems is becoming part of the problem and not only a solution to the de-territorializing and cosmopolitan challenges of refugee flows and displaced people. We argue that education for children of refugees’ need to meet with a cosmopolitan design of education in order to respond responsibly to the right to education for refugee children. In the first part, we discuss the legal right to education for refugee children, and moral challenges with regard to its practical realization in nation-centred school systems and schools. In the second part, we discuss de-territorializing effects of refugees in education by reviewing research on refugee education, refugee children’s experiences of education and by discussing refugee education in Sweden as a case. In the final part, we discuss ideas for a cosmopolitan design of education. We argue for a moral commitment to the education of refugee children in order for us to respond responsibly to their legal and moral rights and situation, but also to the legal and moral rights, and situations of those affected in host countries. We also argue for the importance of critical cosmopolitan imagination in education that does not restrict education to norms of national loyalty and national integration, or to economic norms of competitiveness and effectiveness.

ChatGPT У ПІДГОТОВЦІ ФІЛОЛОГІВ І ПЕРЕКЛАДАЧІВ. ВИКЛИКИ І ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ

The article deals with the challenges and perspectives of using artificial intelligence tools based on the large language models in the practice of training professionals in linguistic and translation fields of study at higher education institutions. Based on the analysis of scientific publications, the methodical principles of correct and academically integer application of the artificial intelligence tools in pedagogical and translation practice have been outlined. Founded on the example of ChatGTP, the concept of the principal compatibility of its use with the norms of academic integrity has been suggested – for the improvement of learning outcomes of students and for the forming of critical rational thinking and optimization of time and resources use as well. Based on the personal pedagogic experience of the authors in teaching non-related – informational technological and philological disciplines and on the empirical material of completed classes with the use of ChatGTP, the weak points of artificial intelligence systems in the training of philologists and translators, the risks of their uncritical use, restricted efficiency in forming of professional competencies and especially of common background knowledge has been analyzed. The conclusion has been made about the necessity of combination the use of artificial intelligence in the real time mood with the forming methods of elaborated creative teaching tasks that do not provoke the plagiarism and about the increase of the share of vivid communication in foreign languages in practice of teaching linguistic and translation disciplines to prevent the domination of the hybrid quasi-communication with the chat-bot. At the same time, the positive role of artificial intelligence in generation of the text information with the correct, academically integer reference to its source and in the practical written translation of the narrow-specialized terminologically intensive text by their careful reviewing has been stated.

Hospital Characteristics Associated With Clinically Integrated Network Participation.

Increased integration of physician organizations and hospitals into health systems has not necessarily improved clinical integration or patient outcomes. However, federal regulators have issued favorable opinions for clinically integrated networks (CINs) as a way to pursue coordination between hospitals and physicians. Hospital organizational affiliations, including independent practice associations (IPA), physician-hospital organizations (PHOs), and accountable care organizations (ACOs), may support CIN participation. No empirical evidence, however, exists about factors associated with CIN participation. Data from the 2019 American Hospital Association survey (n = 4405) were analyzed to quantify hospital CIN participation. Multivariable logistic regression models were estimated to examine whether IPA, PHO, and ACO affiliations were associated with CIN participation, controlling for market factors and hospital characteristics. In 2019, 34.6% of hospitals participated in a CIN. Larger, not-for-profit, and metropolitan hospitals were more likely to participate in CINs. In adjusted analyses, hospitals participating in CINs were more likely to have an IPA (9.5% points, P < 0.001), a PHO (6.1% points, P < 0.001), and ACO (19.3% points, P < 0.001) compared with hospitals not participating in a CIN. Over one-third of hospitals participate in a CIN, despite limited evidence about their effectiveness in delivering value. Results suggest that CIN participation may be a response to integrative norms. Future work should attempt to better define CIN participation and strive to disentangle overlapping organizational participation.

Non-Interference Principle of Asean in The Rohingya Crisis: International Human Rights Law as Alternative Foothold

This article examines the Rohingya human rights abuses and evaluates the effectiveness of ASEAN principles in resolving Myanmar crisis. This study also demonstrates the nature of silence of ASEAN in Myanmar crisis with its principle of non-interference. In international domain, in line with the ruling made by the ICC's Pre-Trial Chamber, investigations into the crimes committed against Rohingya Muslims should have been conducted in accordance with the norms of ethics and integrity under international relations and human rights legislation. The essential ethical and moral standards found in both international relations and human rights law are emphasized in this study. The ASEAN should have been able to act in conformity with the international theory of human rights under the rules of ethics and integrity in international relations. However, Russia's political links to Myanmar were among the main factors in the ASEAN's failure to fulfill its commitments. In this tug of war between major countries, ASEAN is trapped and hiding under the pretext of non-interference. However, ASEAN's incompetence in the case of the Rohingya and Myanmar crises is comparable to the UNSC in several respects, with their weakness in taking decisive action against the Russian invasion. Russia used its veto power to prevent the UNSC from making a statement about the invasion. The concept of ethics and integrity should be upheld to execute and ensure the dignity of international relations and human rights in both cases. In this regard, the article asserts the necessity of comparing a better framework of international human rights to address problems like Rohingya in ASEAN cases and UNSC in the Russian invasion of Ukraine, as well as any concerns that may develop in the future. Thus, there is a practical suggestion that a conflict management body needs to be established within ASEAN.

Sampling discretization error of integral norms for function classes with small smoothness

We consider infinitely dimensional classes of functions and instead of the relative error setting, which was used in previous papers on the integral norm discretization, we consider the absolute error setting. We demonstrate how known results from two areas of research – supervised learning theory and numerical integration – can be used in sampling discretization of the square norm on different function classes. We prove a general result, which shows that the sequence of entropy numbers of a function class in the uniform norm dominates, in a certain sense, the sequence of errors of sampling discretization of the square norm of this class. Then we use this result for establishing new error bounds for sampling discretization of the square norm on classes of multivariate functions with mixed smoothness.

ANALYSIS OF REGULATORY DOCUMENTATION AND TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS REGARDING THE FUNCTIONING OF THE NETWORK IN "ISLAND MODE"

The article examines main issues regarding the admissibility and conditions of operation of microgrids in the so-called " islanding mode" (IM), namely: identification of the appearance of an IM, regulatory and legal aspects of admissibility, and technical requirements for its implementation. Main methods and approaches to the issue of identification of IM, concepts of "planned" and "unwanted" IM are analyzed, possible advantages and consequences of the operation of a part of the distribution network in the IM are considered. An analysis and comparison of the legal framework regarding the possibility of IM usage in the countries of the European Union and Ukraine was carried out. Changes to the national legislation regarding the harmonization of regulatory documentation of Ukraine and the European Union, which were caused by Ukraine's desire to integrate its energy system into the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E), are presented. The normative and legal documentation of both national and international use, regarding the norms of integration into the distribution networks of sources of distributed generation and their functioning in the IM, is presented and reviewed. Issues related to the technical support of the operation of the IM in the distribution network, subject to compliance with the relevant requirements for power supply quality indicators, are considered. Additionally, analysis of the advantages that distribution networks and consumers have with the possibility of using IM was carried out and the problems that may arise in the event of incorrect planning, identification and technical implementation of the isolated operation of a part of the network with local energy sources were identified. Information has been collected and presented regarding the maximum limits to the frequency and voltage in the distribution network, which are permissible for short-term deviations of these indicators depending on the standard that regulates the operation of the corresponding distribution networks. The importance of taking into account all the previously mentioned aspects of the operation of distribution networks in the IM is summarized, and conclusions are drawn regarding the feasibility of ensuring the possibility of the operation of networks in the specified mode in Ukraine

Some improved bounds in sampling discretization of integral norms

The paper addresses a problem of sampling discretization of integral norms of elements of finite-dimensional subspaces satisfying some conditions. We prove sampling discretization results under a standard assumption formulated in terms of the Nikol'skii-type inequality. In particular, we obtain some upper bounds on the number of sample points sufficient for good discretization of the integral Lp norms, 1≤p<2, of functions from finite-dimensional subspaces of continuous functions. Our new results improve upon the known results in this direction. We use a new technique based on deep results of Talagrand from functional analysis.

FEATURES OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF ACADEMIC CHARITY ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE UNIVERSITIES OF MEDIEVAL EUROPE

The article analyzes the peculiarities of compliance with the principles of academic integrity by the subjects of the medieval university educational process. Using examples from the history of the self-government development of Bologna, Heidelberg, Leipzig, Paris, Prague, Frankfurt and other Western European universities, the specifics of obligations and requirements for candidates during examinations and the procedure for defending scientific degrees are clarified. The possibility of obtaining scientific degrees bypassing university procedures thanks to the Vatican bulls, as well as the reaction of the academic community to such exceptions, is evidenced. Attention was focused on unique facts that testified to not always highly moral academic and extra-academic behavior of students and teachers. The most common violations of norms of academic integrity by representatives of the university community are singled out and measures taken by university administrations to overcome them are analyzed. Academic fraud, bribery of examiners, bribery and immoral behavior were found to be the most common offenses at universities. It was recorded that the traditions of the election of teachers by students were sometimes the cause of abuse by both participants in the educational process. Regulatory actions of university administrations, magistrates of cities where educational institutions were located, were aimed at overcoming the financial dependence of teachers on students. It was concluded that the mentioned negative phenomena did not become massive, and universities as corporations of scientists continued to create the intellectual and moral foundation of medieval society.&#x0D; Keywords: academic integrity; Middle Ages; university; faculty; doctor; master; bachelor; defense; degree.

Fast adaptive sampling with operation time control

The rational choice of sampling points is crucial for supervised machine learning algorithms. Adaptive sampling ensures optimal distribution of points in the multidimensional space and provides higher approximation accuracy with respect to the random sampling. Most approaches to the adaptive sampling maximize the function evaluating the compromise between local exploitation and global exploration. However, existing accurate methods suffer from long sampling time, while fast methods are not accurate. Only a few reported methods are available as open source implementations. We introduce a fast adaptive sampling algorithm with accuracy comparable to that of the best-known adaptive sampling methods and demonstrate a comparative study of different approaches to minimization of approximation errors. The method scales linearly with number of sampling points and supports batch generation of new points. The optimization function is the integral norm of an approximation error, the Lp norm, where the norm parameter p regulates sampling, inclining it either towards local exploitation or, conversely, global exploration. The small Lp norm is achieved by reducing the function approximation error and the size of the region with large variation after adding a new sampling point. Our solution is similar to kriging in terms of the choice between local exploitation and global exploration. The difference is in error estimation which depends on the values of the function in sampling points in contrast to homoscedastic variance estimate of kriging. Fast and accurate adaptive sampling is of interest to supervised machine learning tasks such as training a model interatomic potential, quantitative analysis of spectra, self-driving chemical laboratories, and many others. The source code for the new adaptive sampling algorithm MinLpE is available on Github and is distributed under a LGPL license.

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In the context of the processes of adopting the Law of Ukraine �On Academic Integrity�, all possible studies on the need to introduce academic integrity in the educational process of an educational institution, in particular a professional college, seem relevant, since it acts as a moral guideline for the professional training of future specialists. The article is aimed to identify the current state of compliance with the principles of academic integrity by students of professional colleges. The empirical basis of the article is the results of the author�s research �Compliance with the principles and norms of academic integrity by students of a professional college� conducted from December 2021 to February 2022. The study was based on the professional pre-higher education institutions in the Zhytomyr region that train specialists in the field of education. The respondents (428 students) were asked to answer 20 questions in an online questionnaire created using a Google form. The results of the study showed that 84,3% of the surveyed students are aware of the concept of academic integrity, and they were informed about it by their teachers (78%). The main manifestations of academic dishonesty among college students are: writing off (77,3%), academic plagiarism (76,9%), cheating (67.8%), and biased evaluation (53,3%). In their educational activities, students use several tools to comply with the principles of academic integrity, including 29% � citation, 33% � citation only in some cases, 18% � paraphrasing, etc. However, about 30% of respondents take materials, mostly from the Internet, disguising them as their own. The study also revealed that students have a low level of conscious behaviour regarding the need to comply with the norms of academic integrity. There is a lack of motivation among students by teachers regarding the need to observe the principles of academic integrity in a professional college. The problem of providing a system of regulatory and methodological support for the process of introducing the principles of academic integrity into the educational process of professional colleges is also observed. Taking into account the results of the study, it seems reasonable to develop a roadmap for the implementation of a system of ensuring academic integrity in professional pre-higher education institutions, which will not only contribute to the introduction of innovative solutions to this problem but also contribute to the professional development of students as competitive specialists in the labor market.

Социальная ответственность предпринимательства в условиях вызовов Брекзита

The subject of the study is the norms of international, integration and national law regulating various aspects of social responsibility of entrepreneurship in the context of the UK's exit from the European Union. The purpose of the work is to consider the mechanisms laid down in the international treaties concluded between the European Union and the United Kingdom, which formalized Brexit, and regulated the solution of general issues of social protection and private aspects of social responsibility of business in the context of international disintegration. It is concluded that, despite Brexit, the British legal system is still partially influenced by EU law, especially with regard to "equal playing conditions", and the social sphere serves as an example in this. The international legal mechanisms adopted during the legal formalization of Brexit laid the foundation for ensuring a sufficient level of convergence of the legal systems of the European Union and the United Kingdom. It is revealed that the concluded agreement on trade and cooperation in relation to the sphere of social responsibility of entrepreneurship can become a model for future trade agreements of both the EU and the United Kingdom, as well as other states and other subjects of international law. The opinion was expressed that the effectiveness of the agreements reached will depend on the measures taken by the parties aimed at restoring balance and implementing obligations in relation to supply chains. It is assumed that the considered regulations in the context of Brexit promise to be significant for the international legal practice of regulating measures of social responsibility of entrepreneurship.

Assessment Integrity Norms: Consumer and Student Privacy in Ed-Tech

Assessment Integrity Norms: Consumer and Student Privacy in Ed-Tech

On the Estimate of Integral Norm of Solution of the Dirichlet Problem for Quasilinear Elliptic Equation

On the Estimate of Integral Norm of Solution of the Dirichlet Problem for Quasilinear Elliptic Equation

Editorial Policy of Scientific Journal as Factor in Ensuring Principles of Publication Ethics

The study aims to determine the essential criteria for assessing the compliance of the editorial policy of a scientific journal with the principles of publishing ethics and academic integrity. The research methodology uses the content analysis method. By this method, the content of the websites of "A" category scientific journals in social communications from the List of scientific professional editions of Ukraine as of October 1, 2022, has been analysed. The research also involves the use of methods of generalisation and grouping to determine the criteria for assessing the completeness of the information presentation of the editorial policy regarding publication ethics and prevention of unethical practices. The information content of the websites of scientific journals indicates thematic proximity but not the identity of the way of declaring the editorial policy regarding publication ethics and academic integrity. Emphasis on specific aspects of the editorial policy is a manifestation of the formation of the individual vision of the journal's editorial board of the concept of a quality scientific publication in line with generally accepted international standards. The novelty of the obtained results is in the definition of information blocks that serve as criteria for evaluating the completeness of the information presentation of the editorial policy regarding publication ethics and the prevention of unethical practices. These include the principles of publishing ethics, the review policy, and the policy of combating unethical practices. Conclusions. The widespread distribution of norms of publication ethics and academic integrity on the websites of scientific publications creates a single information field of requirements for participants in the publication process. The identified criteria for the completeness of the information presentation of the editorial policy in the field of publishing ethics determine the guidelines for the development of the content of the websites of new journals, as well as the transformation and adaptation to the modern requirements of already existing editions. The availability of detailed information on the principles of publishing ethics, review policy, and counteraction to unethical practices policy will increase the level of awareness and literacy of all participants in the publishing process: authors, editors, reviewers, and consumers of scientific information. Keywords: scientific journal, editorial policy, publishing ethics, academic integrity, website.

Critical network factors for eco‐innovation in manufacturing: A Delphi study from a triple helix perspective

AbstractManaging networks for eco‐innovation remains a top priority in manufacturing due to industrial collaborations being the de facto mode of functioning for modern manufacturing firms. Accordingly, an awareness of critical network factors is imperative for strategies that lead to successful sustainability‐focused partnerships and profitable collaborations. This study applies a group‐based multi‐criterion decision‐making technique—the Delphi methodology—to evaluate critical network factors for eco‐innovation in manufacturing from the viewpoint of 116 experts within the triple helix, that is, university, industry and government experts. The study uniquely frames the eco‐innovation strategy challenge for manufacturing from a network perspective. Review of literature and an online survey identifies 63 network motivational, configurational and transformational factors. Subsequent polled results show heterogeneity during Delphi selection (Cochran's Q: p &lt; 0.001) and prioritisation (Friedman's Q: p &lt; 0.001) rounds with ‘environmental concern by top management’, ‘innovative organisational strategies’, and ‘integrity norms of signed contract’ as the top motivational, configurational and transformational factors. The study also discusses the theoretical and managerial implications of the study for triadic orientations and triple helix framing of eco‐innovation networks and concludes by identifying research limitations and potential future research areas.

Remarks on Sampling Discretization of Integral Norms of Functions

Remarks on Sampling Discretization of Integral Norms of Functions