Normative Indicators Research Articles

REGRESSION MODELS OF THE AREA OF THE SOFT PALATE AND TONGUE IN YOUNG MEN AND YOUNG WOMEN WITH AN ORTHOGNATHIC BITE WITHOUT AND TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE TYPE OF FACE DEPENDING ON TELEROENTGENOMETRIC INDICATORS OF THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT

The prevalence of pathologies related to the soft palate and its surrounding structures is a serious challenge for medicine. Sleep apnea and other diseases directly related to this anatomical region pose a threat not only due to the actual cause of deaths, but also complications of concomitant diseases. In this regard, the definition of normative indicators of the upper respiratory tract, in particular the soft palate and its surrounding structures, is a relevant topic for study. The purpose of the work is to build and analyze the regression models of the area of the soft palate and tongue in young men and young women with an orthognathic bite without and taking into account the type of face, depending on the features of teleroentgenometric indicators of the upper respiratory tract. With the help of the licensed medical software OnyxCeph³™, version 3DPro and the diagnostic program “UniqCeph”, a cephalometric analysis of lateral teleroentgenograms of 49 young men and 76 young women with an orthognathic bite and the absence of upper respiratory tract pathology was performed (primary teleroentgenograms were obtained from the database of the Research Center and Department of Pediatric Dentistry, National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsia). Face types in young men and young women were determined using the Garson index. Regression models of the area of the soft palate and tongue depending on teleroentgenometric indicators of the upper respiratory tract were built using the license package “Statistica 6.0”. In Ukrainian young women with an orthognathic bite, regardless of face type, with very wide and wide face types, all possible models of the area of the soft palate and tongue were built depending on teleroentgenometric indicators of the upper respiratory tract with a coefficient of determination (R2) greater than 0.5 (R2= from 0.682 to 0.937, p<0.001), which most often include the thickness of the soft palate and the length of the soft palate (42.9 % each), tongue height and tongue length (30.0% each), the value of the position of the hyoid bone relative to the vertical mandibular plane and the angle of inclination of the soft palate (20.0 % each). In Ukrainian young men with an orthognathic bite without taking into account the type of face and with a wide face type, all possible models of the area of the soft palate and tongue were also built depending on teleroentgenometric indicators of the upper respiratory tract with a coefficient of determination greater than 0.5 (R2= from 0.562 to 0.925, p<0.001), which most often include the thickness of the soft palate and the length of the soft palate (33.3 % each).

Osobennosti tserebral'nogo krovoobrashcheniya studentov-pervokursnikov severnogo regiona

Relevance. Intense psycho-emotional and intellectual loads during the period of higher education, combined with climatic and environmental pressure, living in the northern regions, cause enormous stress for the emerging organism and can lead to violations of the functional state of the organism as a whole and cerebral hemodynamics in particular. In this regard, early identification of students with risk factors of circulatory system dysfunction for timely assistance and correction of their lifestyle is relevant. The purpose of the study was to analyze the features of cerebral circulation of first-year students of the northern region. Materials and Methods. Within the framework of the pilot study, first-year students (n = 30; 13 girls and 17 boys, average age 18 ± 0.6 years) of Surgut State Pedagogical University living in the territory equated to the conditions of the Far North took part. Indicators of cerebral circulation of the examined patients were diagnosed using the rheographic complex «Reo-Spectrum» (LLC «Neurosoft», Ivanovo) in four standard leads: front-mastoid (FM) on the left and right, and occipito-mastoid (OM) on the left and right. The diagnosis was carried out in accordance with bioethical norms with the voluntary written consent to conduct the study. Results and Discussion. In the course of the study, it was found that rheoencephalography indicators in the majority of the examined young men reveal insufficient blood filling in all the diagnosed arterial basins of the brain. At the same time, the tone of the arteries of different calibers correspondes to the normative indicators. Cerebral blood flow in them is provided mainly by increasing the tone of arterioles. An adequate blood outflow was diagnosed against the background of normal tone of venous vessels In young men. The tone of small vessels of girls was increased in all brain leads, in the carotid artery basin there was an increase in volumetric blood filling of brain vessels against the background of increased tone of large vessels, which can be considered as a regulatory mechanism for normalizing reduced blood filling of the corresponding vascular region. The outflow of blood from arterioles and vein tone was increased only on the left. Conclusion. To identify the peculiarities of cerebral circulation of first-year students of the northern region, it is necessary further to study the hemodynamic mechanisms of regulation of vascular tone, as well as the relationship with central circulation.

GEOECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF LAND USE STRUCTURE OF THE PIDGORODNYA TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY

The purpose of the study is to assess the geo-environmental parameters and optimize the land use structure of the Pidgorodnya territorial community. The authors used special methods to determine the anthropogenic load, coefficients of ecological stability and anthropogenic transformation of the territory of the Pidgorodnya territorial community.
 The Pidgorodnya territorial community is located in the center of Ternopil region and Ternopil district, covering an area of 123.47 km². The community is home to 7418 people. The Pidgorodnya community was established in 2020 and unites 7 rural settlements, on the basis of which 6 starosta districts and a center in the village of Pidhorodne were created. The soil cover of the study area is among the most fertile soils in the region. There are two rivers and 8 ponds within the community.
 The article analyses and geo-ecologically assesses the land use structure of the Pidgorodnya community. It is established that the structure of land use in the study area is dominated by arable land (71%), forests occupy 7%, built-up land - 4%, pastures - 9%, hayfields - 5%, perennial plantations - 3%, land under water and swamps - 1%. The share of natural lands in the community is 27%, and the level of community conservation is 1.1%. The community has created 5 protected areas: a botanical garden, 2 botanical reserves and 2 botanical natural monuments with a total area of 135.5 hectares.
 Based on the results of the calculations, the coefficient of anthropogenic transformation of the territory of the Pidgorodnya territorial community was determined, which is 6,16; the coefficient of ecological stability – 0,28; anthropogenic load score is 3,7 and the coefficient of anthropogenic load – 3,7. According to the results obtained, it was found that the territory of the Pidgorodnya territorial community is ecologically unstable with an average degree of landscape transformation, and an average degree of anthropogenic pressure. Based on the calculations and results obtained, we can state the need to optimise the land use structure of the Pidgorodnya territorial community.
 In order to correct and improve the situation and bring the study area to the normative indicators of environmental stability, a number of optimization measures a number of optimization measures should be taken. The article substantiates the optimisation model of land use of the Pidgorodnya territorial community, which provides for a reduction of arable land by 25%, an increase in forest cover by 17%, and bringing the share of natural lands to the optimal level of 50%. Given the landscape features of the study area, we propose to reduce arable land at the expense of low-productive and eroded lands. Thus, the optimised land use structure of the Pidgorodnya territorial community will include 46% arable land, 24% forests, 25% pastures, hayfields and perennial plantations, 4% built-up land, and 1% land under water and marshes. Implementation of this approach requires changing the designated purpose of individual land plots and organising their landscape-adapted use. The prospect of further research is to determine the areas of land for transferring them from the anthropogenic category to the natural category, with further optimisation.
 Key words: geoecological assessment, land use, ecological stability, anthropogenic load.

Study on the use of food emulsion and xanthan gum in the composition of yogurt with blended oil

The work is to study the use of food emulsion and xanthan gum in the composition of a yogurt with blended oil. To obtain the yogurt with blended oil, we used skimmed cows milk, skimmed cows milk powder, and a food emulsion consisting of drinking water, blended oil (sunflower and linseed), sodium caseinate, and an emulsifier (a mixture of polyglycerol esters and higher fatty acids). Xanthan gum was used as a stabilizer. The control was yogurt obtained from dairy raw materials. The titrimetric method determined the titrated acidity, which is based on the neutralisation of acids contained in the investigational product with a sodium hydroxide solution in the presence of an indicator. The fatty acid content was determined by chromatographic. Organoleptic quality indicators were assessed by tasting and compared with standard indicators according to DSTU 4418. The number of viable lactic acid bacteria was determined by the method of sowing serial dilutions in agar nutrient media. Samples of the milk-vegetable sour-milk base with 2.0 %, 4.0 % and 6.0 % fat content were obtained by fermenting the milk-vegetable normalized mixture, consisting of a food emulsion, cow's skimmed milk and cow's skimmed milk powder. It had been established that for the minimum value of the titrated acidity of the sour-milk curd of the milk-vegetable sour-milk base of 80 °T to be achieved, the fermentation duration of the milk-vegetable normalized mixture is different compared to the fermentation duration of the milk normalized mixture. Thus, the fermentation duration of the milk normalized mixture and the milk-vegetable normalized mixture with 2.0 % fat content is 8.0 hours and 10.5 hours, respectively, 4.0 % - 8.5 hours and 11.0 hours, respectively, 6.0 % - 8.5 hours and 12.0 hours, respectively. The samples of the obtained milk-vegetable sour-milk base with 2.0 %, 4.0 % and 6.0 % fat content have the number of viable lactic acid bacteria of 1.0 × 107 that corresponds to the standard indicator for the traditional yogurt. For obtaining the yogurt with blended oil of a homogenous, fine, creamy, thick consistency, 0.15-0.20 % xanthan gum should be added to the milk-vegetable sour-milk base with 6.0 % fat content. The content of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the yogurt with blended oil with 6.0 % fat content is 1.06 % and 5.44 %, respectively, which is a higher indicator in comparison with the traditional yogurt. The possibility of using a food emulsion as part of a yogurt-type product was established. The resulting yogurt with blended oil is characterized by normative indicators of titrated acidity, the number of viable lactic acid bacteria, organoleptic quality indicators and a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The developed yogurt with blended oil will make it possible to expand the range of the milk-containing sour-milk products and it is recommended for the consumption as the finished product as well as for the use as the semi-finished product.

Hypoglossal Nerve and Cortico-Lingual Pathway Examination using the St. Mark’s Еlectrode: a Prospective Study

INTRODUCTION. The literature describes numerous cases of mononeuropathy of the hypoglossal nerve, as a complication of various diseases, as well as after operations for symptomatic and asymptomatic stenoses in the carotid system. For a correctly selected treatment method, it is necessary to carry out a differential diagnosis between damage to the hypoglossal nerve and the cortico-lingual tract. Currently, standard diagnosis of hypoglossal nerve lesions using electroneuromyography is difficult due to methodological limitations associated with its anatomical features and variability.
 AIM. To demonstrate the feasibility of recording motor-wave (M-wave) in response to electrical hypoglossal nerve (HN) stimulation and motor evoked potential (MEP) in response to transcranial magnetic stimulation from the muscles of the tongue using the St. Mark’s electrode.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS. A prospective study was conducted on 10 healthy volunteers. To register the M-wave during electrical stimulation of HN and MEP during transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) from the muscles of the tongue, a St. Mark’s electrode was used. Registration was carried out sequentially from two sides of the tongue.
 RESULTS. In all subjects, M-wave and MEP were recorded from the muscles of the tongue from 2 sides. The average latency was in line with previously reported data in the literature. The variability of the difference in the amplitudes of the lingual motor responses was more than 50 % between the healthy volunteers.
 DISCUSSION. The results obtained were compared with earlier publications where normative indicators were approved. The amplitudes of the M-wave during stimulation of the HN at the proximal and distal points did not differ significantly from the literature data; the amplitude of the MEP in our study turned out to be higher, which was explained by the increased tension of the tongue muscles during the study. It was also noted that the M-wave can be recorded only at the proximal or only at the distal points of stimulation.
 CONCLUSION. Evaluation of conduction along the peripheral segment of the hypoglossal nerve and the cortico-lingual pathway during the abduction of muscle responses using the St. Mark’s electrode is a simple and perceptible approach to assess the functional state of the nervous structures of HN. Method for registering M-wave and MEP with the St. Mark’s electrode is safe, informative and convenient.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the functioning of production and consumption waste management systems in the Arctic regions of Russia based on Data Envelopment Analysis

Subject of research: is the functioning of the production and consumption waste management systems of the regions (RSOO) of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation for the period from 2016 to 2020.
 Purpose of research: is to quantify production efficiency production efficiency coefficients (СEP) of the functioning of these systems based on shell data analysis (Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA). This method is based on the repeated application of linear programming to a set of input and output indicators recorded by the current system of state statistics and characterizing the activities of sets of similar specialized enterprises in the regions for waste management (production facility, software).
 Methods and objects of research: to assess the СEP of the software functioning by the DEA method, the "time slice" and "time window" schemes were used. Based on the calculated СEP values, stable subgroups of software with low, medium and high СEP values were identified. For insufficiently effective software, target values of input indicators were calculated, the achievement of which allows them to maximize СEP values. At the same time, for these software, a recommendatory choice of a leader/landmark object was carried out, which can be considered as a carrier of best practices and successful experience in organizing work, which is relevant for the development of the RSOO.
 Main results of research: the formed classification of RSOO was compared with the normative indicators of waste processing given in the State Program of the Russian Federation "Environmental Protection" for 20122020.

Sapropel as a feeding additive in animal husbandry

The purpose of the research was to identify the benefi cial properties of sapropel as a feed additive in animal husbandry. Sapropel is one of the most promising substances as an environmentally friendly and high-quality organomineral fertilizer. In most practice-oriented works devoted to the use of sapropel, this bio-raw material is considered either as an earth layer in geological research, or as a natural fertilizer in crop production. The benefi cial properties of sapropel make it possible to obtain higher yields, both in large agricultural holdings and on private land. However, the issue of using sapropel as the feed additive in animal husbandry has not been suffi ciently developed by science. That is why the article summarized the data collected in modern Russian and foreign scientifi c sources, namely studies confi rming the benefi cial eff ect of sapropel as a feed additive on the body of animals, including of dairy cows. This chemical composition of sapropel on the example of an organomineral feed additive “Feed Sapropel” has been discussed in the article. The chemical composition of sapropel was studied in accordance with quality standards by the testing laboratory “Elma-test”. The elements contained in the studied feed additive have been described in the article in detail. It was experimentally revealed that the content of all useful mineral substances, except iron and sulfur, in the test sample exceeded the normative indicators. After analyzing the content of toxic substances in the studied material, and revealing their extremely low content, the authors came to the conclusion that this additive, if properly introduced into the diets, will not harm animals. The authors conclude that sapropel contains many substances that animals need for normal growth and development, as well as to maintain high productivity.

Study of Lipid Metabolism Disorders in Patients with Morbid Obesity and Evaluation of the Corrective Effect of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy on These Changes

Goals: To study the evaluation of lipid metabolism after the operation of sleeve resection in patients with morbid obesity. Materials and Methods: From 2019 to 2022, 277 bariatric and metabolic surgeries were performed in our clinical sites, including 125 MGSH and 152 PRG. Results: In our clinic, we studied the effect of sleeve resection practice on lipid metabolism before surgery and in the long term 6 months after surgery. The frequency of occurrence of the studied types of dyslipidemia depended on the degree of obesity. The frequency of the studied types of dyslipidemia depended on the degree of obesity. Hypercholesterolemia persisted in 4 (8.9%) patients after traditional sleeve resection, and after the proposed method of sleeve resection, this indicator in all patients did not differ from the normative indicators. The proposed surgical procedure leads to a decrease in the coefficient of atherogenicity and prevents dyslipoproteinemia.
 Conclusion: After 6 months of bariatric surgery, a statistically significant decrease in the level of UAG in serum blood was observed in the primary and control group of patients, which testifies to the greater effectiveness of the proposed operative intervention compared to the control group and the ratio of complete liquidation of hypertriglyceridemia.

Identification of Follow-Up Markers for Rehabilitation Management in Patients with Vestibular Schwannoma.

This study delves into the absence of prognostic or predictive markers to guide rehabilitation in patients afflicted with vestibular schwannomas. The objective is to analyze the reweighting of subjective and instrumental indicators following surgery, at 7 days and 1 month postoperatively. This retrospective cohort encompasses 32 patients who underwent unilateral vestibular schwannoma surgery at the Marseille University Hospital between 2014 and 2019. Variations in 54 indicators and their adherence to available norms are calculated. After 1 month, one-third of patients do not regain the norm for all indicators. However, the rates of variation unveil specific responses linked to a preoperative error signal, stemming from years of tumor adaptation. This adaptation is reflected in a postoperative visual or proprioceptive preference for certain patients. Further studies are needed to clarify error signals according to lesion types. The approach based on variations in normative indicators appears relevant for post-surgical monitoring and physiotherapy.

О понятии и правовых средствах обеспечения устойчивого развития городов

Introduction. The concept of sustainable development continues to receive more and more support every year, both at the international and domestic levels. The main reason for its popularity is that this concept has become a qualitatively new strategy for social development, designed to balance the environmental, economic and social interests of a citizen, business, society and the state in the interests of both present and future generations. Theoretical analysis. The movement towards sustainable development of cities within the framework of the overall strategy for achieving the SDGs is ensured by the activities of public authorities and the public to best solve the social, economic and environmental problems of settlements, improve the comfort of life of citizens through the rational use of urban resources, effective urban planning, not exceeding the assimilation potential of urban ecosystems, for the benefit of present and future generations. Results. At the moment, there is no definition of sustainable urban development in the Russian law, and therefore, there is no mechanism for implementing the tasks set in SDG No. 11, including the lack of a system of indicators in the country (social, economic, environmental and others) to assess the degree of achievement of the SDGs. Today we see only separate doctrinal and normative indicators of sustainable development of cities, reflecting only some aspects of the transition of cities to sustainable development (in terms of comfortable housing, etc.). In the scientific doctrine, the relationship between the concept of sustainable urban development and other (related) concepts of interaction between nature and society, including the concept of an eco-city and a “smart” city, is also extremely poorly studied. In this regard, the legal solution to this problem can be the development of the Concept of the transition of the Russian Federation to sustainable development, which includes a clear plan of legislative work, one of the sections of which should include measures to ensure the sustainable development of cities, as well as a number of stages of movement towards this goal and a system of indicators for evaluating these processes.

THE CONTACTLESS DIAGNOSTICS TO DETERMINE THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES OF HIGH-ENERGY AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY

he paper revealed the possibilities of using contactless diagnostics to obtain digital data obtained over the local network of tractor CAN bus controllers. (Research purpose) The research purpose is analyzing of the nomenclature of indicators of the operational and technical characteristics of the internal combustion engine of tractor equipment and creating modern technologies for diagnostics and control of the technical condition of tractor equipment. (Materials and methods) It was noted that the diagnosis of energy-saturated agricultural machinery (tractors, combines), carried out using external and built-in controls, allows you to determine the technical condition of internal combustion engines without disassembly, predict the service life of their parts, actually manage the technical condition of the engine of the machine. It has been shown that the engineering service of the agro-industrial complex pays great attention to technical diagnostics related to the prevention of failures of the most important components and aggregates of energy-saturated agricultural machinery. It was determined that the performance of these operations has a positive effect on the timing of agricultural work, obtaining an additional volume of agricultural products. For each diagnosed machine (tractor), normative indicators of serviceability (operability) during operation, maintenance and repair must be established. (Results and discussion) It was revealed that the use of contactless diagnostics provides timely detection and elimination of significant malfunctions in the power or ignition systems of engines, transmission units or chassis, improves fuel and economic indicators by 5-10 percent, engine power by 2-3 times, improves environmental performance, increases the safety of machine operation. (Conclusions) In the course of the conducted research, the functionality of diagnostic devices with advanced information collection capabilities – a universal USB CAN bus adapter-was determined.

ASSESSMENT OF THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF THE BUILDING USING MODERN GEODESIC INSTRUMENTS

The article is devoted to the topic of a comprehensive survey of engineering structures that are in operation. It has been established that with the help of visual assessment it is impossible to give a reliable assessment of the current state of the structure. Modern geodetic instruments significantly expand the capabilities of engineers for technical control, therefore, in the article, special attention is paid to this type of work. The survey is carried out on the example of a building that was erected according to a block space-planning scheme. The planning scheme is based on separate blocks of different heights and sizes. This is the reason for considering the sequence of performing the survey on this type of object. In the course of the survey, work was carried out on a visual assessment of building structures and their joints between each other, deviations from design solutions and design standards were established, an analysis of the spatial position of structures and deviations from the project and standard indicators was carried out. To clarify the structures of the foundations and establish their compliance with the design data, pits were made in places regulated by the terms of reference. The pits were carried out in a combined way to the depth of laying the foundations. According to the results of laser scanning, the spatial position of the structures on the executive diagrams was recorded. Scanning was carried out in three blocks. To assess deviations from the boundary normative indicators, an analysis of the results of scanning the planned position of the building's supporting structures was performed. Based on the results of the tacheometric survey, design solutions were established that do not meet the requirements of the current regulatory documents in terms of proper fastening of structures to each other and disregard for the conditions for ensuring the rigidity of structures, which can lead to a decrease in the overall rigidity of the frame and cause excessive deformations. Deviations were also established that are a multiple of the limiting parameters normalized by the regulations, reduce the overall stability and rigidity of the building frame, contribute to the appearance of additional, unforeseen design loads on structures, increase the risk of structural failure and negatively affect the overall level of reliability. Based on the results of the research, it was concluded that the use of modern electronic geodetic instruments can significantly expand the capabilities of engineers for technical control. Keywords: geodetic devices, engineering construction, measurement, design solutions, reliability, operational condition, visual assessment, deformations.

ЕКСПЛУАТАЦІЯ УТЕПЛЮВАЧІВ З НЕВЕНТИЛЬОВАНИМИ ПОВІТРЯНИМИ ПРОШАРКАМИ ТА ЕНЕРГОВІДБИВАЮЧИМИ ЕКРАНАМИ

The quality of insulation of construction structures -houses and buildings of various purposes -depends on many components, but the main ones were and remain the quality and durability of the materials used. Typical tests are carried out according to indicators of the resistance of the structure with facade thermal insulation to climatic factors andaccording to the indicator of the reduced heat transfer resistance of the prefabricated system with typical design values of the thickness of the thermal insulation material when they are put into production and in the case of making changes to the designof the prefabricated system, using new materials of thermal insulation and/orfinishing layers, when the technology of their production changes. The article presents the results of testing experimental samples of insulating products with non-ventilated air layers.A comparison of the results with normative indicators of compressive strength, bending strength, impact strength, water absorption and frost resistance was analyzed. Extruded polystyrene has a much higher compressive strength than Styrofoam.The high strength of extruded polystyrene foam is its main advantage and allows it to be used not only as insulation, but also as a building material that sometimes even performs the functions of auxiliary or load-bearing structures. Polymer sand tile, having lower indicators of thermal resistance, achieves high operational indicators, which will allow it to be used for insulation of plinths.

Особенности эмоционально-волевой устойчивости сотрудников полиции на различных этапах профессиогенеза

<p style="text-align: justify;">The article deals with the issues of emotional and volitional stability, acting as the leading ones in the system of moral and psychological support for the activities of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the article was to analyze the features of emotional and volitional stability of police officers of the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and cadets of the educational organization of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The sample is represented by two groups of 119 people, including police officers, 65 people, cadets of the educational organization of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia — 54 people. The research methods were presented by the diagnostic unit: the questionnaire for assessing neuropsychic stability “Prognosis-2” (V.Yu. Rybnikov); the test “Lifestyle Analysis” (Boston stress tolerance test), the Individual typological questionnaire L.N. Sobchik, The methodology of the study of the volitional organization of the personality of A.A.Khokhlov, The test questionnaire of A.V. Zverkov and E.V. Eidman “The study of volitional self-regulation”. Research results. The presence of significantly significant differences (p≤0.05) between the groups was established, indicating a higher level of neuropsychic stability, stress resistance and emotional-volitional regulation of police officers, which is determined by age characteristics and character accentuations. The normative indicators in both groups were not exceeded, which generally reflects the quality of professional psychological selection and the stability of the personality of police officers.</p>

The prospect of using retro timber in the furniture industry

The prospect of using retrowood in the furniture industry. To avoid over-consumption of natural resources, the idea of recycling or extending the life of wood-based materials is often considered in recent times.Therefore, it seems appropriate to conduct research aimed at studying the mechanical properties of retrowood and determining the possibility of its application. As part of a scientific study, surveys of old wooden residential buildings (Никитина et al., 2017) of the Russian North with a service life of 60–100 years and mechanical tests of both retrowood and freshly cut wood were carried out. Comparison of indicators of physical and mechanical properties of old wood and new wood material used in the manufacture of furniture with normative indicators of properties was made. Based on the research results, an assessment was made of the possibility of reusing retrowood in the production of furniture and interior elements. Well-preserved vintage wood from old wooden houses being demolished is a potential resource-saving raw material for making furniture, which is confirmed by testing the properties of this material. Based on the research results, the possibility of designing and manufacturing furniture and interior elements from retro wood is considered.

Peculiarities of correlations of upper respiratory tract cephalometric parameters in Ukrainian young men and young women regardless of face type

The study of the parameters of the upper respiratory tract has become one of the leading directions of medical research, due to the connection of this structure with the occurrence and course of many diseases of both childhood and adulthood. The study of normative indicators of this structure and its relationship with craniometric indicators should be the first step before further research of samples with pathologies. The purpose of the study is to establish correlations of cephalometric parameters of the upper respiratory tract in Ukrainian young men and young women with an orthognathic bite, regardless of the type of face. Primary lateral radiographs of 49 Ukrainian young men (aged 17 to 21 years) and 76 Ukrainian young women (aged 16 to 20 years) with an orthognathic bite and the absence of upper respiratory tract pathology taken from the database of the research center and the Department of Pediatric Dentistry age of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsia, with the help of the licensed medical software OnyxCeph3™, version 3DPro (Image Instruments GmbH, Germany) and the diagnostic program “UniqCeph”, a cephalometric analysis of the upper respiratory tract was performed. In the “Statistica 6.0” license package, correlations between cephalometric indicators of the upper respiratory tract were assessed using non-parametric Spearman statistics. In Ukrainian young men, multiple, mostly direct, medium-strength (r= from 0.32 to 0.48) and strong (r= from 0.65 to 0.83) correlations were established between most of the characteristics of the upper respiratory tract or tongue; in young women, there are also predominantly direct, medium-strength (r= from 0.33 to 0.57) and strong (r= from 0.62 to 0.85) correlations between most of the characteristics of the upper respiratory tract or tongue, as well as medium-strength inverse (r= -0.30 and -0.40) and direct (r= 0.45 and 0.85) correlations between most characteristics of the soft palate. In addition, in Ukrainian young men, multiple inverse correlations of mainly medium strength (r= from -0.33 to -0.49) were established between the value of the PASmin distance and the UAA section with the value of the SPT distance and the SPA section, and between the value of the NL/PM-U angle and most of the characteristics the tongue, as well as multiple direct, mostly medium strength (r= from 0.30 to 0.55), connections between the characteristics of the upper respiratory tract itself and the hyoid bone or tongue and between the characteristics of the hyoid bone and the tongue; in young women, there are mainly straight lines of medium strength (r= from 0.33 to 0.55) between the value of the AH-CV distance and most of the characteristics of the upper respiratory tract itself, between the value of the AH-FH distance and all characteristics of the tongue, and between the value of the PM-U distance and by the distance VT and the section TA. Thus, the most pronounced manifestations of sexual dimorphism of connections are established between the characteristics of the soft palate, between the characteristics of the upper respiratory tract itself and the soft palate or tongue, as well as between the characteristics of the soft palate and the hyoid bone.

Clusterization of Ukraine regions according to the integrated index of ecological and economic security in the destructive phenomena conditions

Destructive phenomena conditions, such as the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, hostilities in Eastern Ukraine and the annexation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea in 2014, and the Global Financial Crisis in 2008, have significantly affected Ukraine’s environmental and economic security. The self-development processes of Ukraine’s safety began to slow down, which led to the degradation of the interconnection system between the environment and the economy. The study aims to determine the destructive phenomena’ impact on the environmental and economic security level of Ukraine using an improved method of normalised clustering indices to analyse the distribution of Ukraine’s regions into homogeneous groups at the level of integrated environmental and economic security. This index is calculated based on stimulating and disincentive normative indicators from 2004 to 2020. With the help of clustering of regions, the adverse effects of destructive phenomena on individual parts and their groups were identified. The obtained results make it possible to track the positive and negative processes of state intervention in the mechanism to ensure the level of environmental and economic security.

CONTROL OF CAPITAL RESERVES OF THE ENTERPRISE: ORGANIZATIONAL AND METHODOLOGICAL TOOLKIT

The article is devoted to the study of organizational and methodological tools for controlling the reserves of the capital of the enterprise. The place of control of capital reserves of the enterprise in the classification of financial control and the function of controlling capital reserves is investigated.The purpose of the article is to analyze and reveal organizational and methodical approaches to controlling the company's capital reserves. It is substantiated that the control of capital reserves performs the following functions: preventive (prophylactic, warning, protective); informational (cognitive, communicative); corrective (regulatory); mobilizing and educational. In accordance with the essence, purpose and functions of control of capital reserves, its purpose is to establish compliance of the volume and structure of the capital reserves formed at the enterprise with their normative indicators, the value of which ensures the enterprise's ability to resist negative phenomena and activity processes, to cover the damages or losses caused by them.In the context of achieving the goal, the main tasks of the control of capital reserves of the enterprise were formulated and their compliance with the functions of this control was established, its subjects and main objects were identified in accordance with them. The organizational and methodological toolkit of capital reserve control has been formed as a set of control actions performed by the subjects of this control using specified control methods in accordance with the forms of its implementation. The regulatory influences that should be implemented in order to eliminate deviations identified as a result of the control of capital reserves of enterprises have been determined.

CURRENT ISSUES OF THE PRACTICE OF REGULATING THE LIQUIDITY OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION

This article examines the role of the Central Bank in ensuring the liquidity of bank assets, the state of capital of commercial banks, and their impact on liquidity. At the same time, the impact of asset quality on its liquidity, as well as deposits and own funds, was analyzed using econometric methods. The article examines the effect of commercial banks' own funds on the liquidity of bank assets, the effect of economic normative indicators set by the Central Bank, and the effect of the Central Bank's monetary policy tools using econometric models

Вплив антропогенного навантаження на екологічний стан поверхневих вод в агроландшафтах західного регіону України

Goal. To analyze the state of open water bodies in the Western region of Ukraine and to identify factors that worsen their quality indicators. Methods. Route agroecological monitoring; methods of chemical and physicochemical analysis using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, flame photometry, and mathematical and statistical analysis. Results. In pond water samples taken in the village Pavlov of the Chervonograd district of the Lviv oblast, an excess of the maximum permissible concentration of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen was found — 11.8–13.2 and 4.6 mg/l, respectively. The content of manganese compounds here exceeded the normative indicators by 5–10 times. On the territory of home ownership in Zakarpattia region (vil. Sokyrnytsia, Khust district) the content of ammonium nitrogen in pond water samples exceeded the norm by 1.8 times, the content of copper by 20 times, and zinc by twice. Analysis of water from a pond located in the vil. Popeliv of the Ivano-Frankivsk district of the Ivano-Frankivsk oblast showed an excess of the norm according to the indicator of dry residue — 2120 mg/l. In water samples taken from the Prut River (vil. Sadzhavka, Nadvirniansk district, Ivano-Frankivsk oblast), the excess of normative indicators only for the iron content was 0.13 mg/l. In the water from the Sluch River (vil. Samchyky, Khmelnytskyi district, Khmelnytskyi oblast), the pH was 8.6, the phosphorus content exceeded the norm by almost two times, and copper by 10 times. In the water from the Dniester River near the vil. Nyzhniv of Ivano-Frankivsk district, Ivano-Frankivsk oblast the content of sulfates and manganese was 156.8 and 0.03 mg/l, respectively. In water samples taken from the Rika River (Khust district, Zakarpatska oblast) the iron content was 11.3 times higher than normal, and manganese was 5 times higher than normal. Conclusions. The results of the monitoring of water bodies in the specified regions proved that both natural and anthropogenic factors affect the water quality of open water bodies. The quality of pond water is largely influenced by anthropogenic factors related to the economic activities of people, and it is they that cause the accumulation of excessive amounts of nitrogen, ammonium, copper, and zinc compounds. The quality of water samples taken from the Prut, Stara, and Rika rivers was mostly determined by natural conditions. Pollution of the Sluch River with phosphorus and copper and the Dniester River with sulfates can be caused by the inflow of sewage with detergents, as well as animal waste, fertilizers, and pesticides from residential areas.