Normal Total Cholesterol Levels Research Articles

Impact of orthotopic liver transplantation on serum lipid level and growing development in patients with homozygous or compound heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia

Objective: To investigate the impact of orthotopic liver transplantation on serum lipid and growing development in patients with homozygous (HoFH) or compound heterozygotes (cHeFH) familial hypercholesterolemia. Methods: Patients who were treated in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from August 2019 to August 2021, entered the rare disease database and underwent liver transplantation, were included in this single center retrospective cohort study. The height for age Z score (HAZ) and length for age Z score (WAZ) at birth, at the time of transplantation and one year after transplantation were calculated respectively by collecting demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, echocardiography, lipid-lowering treatment, blood lipid level data and donor characteristics data of liver transplantation. The serum cholesterol level and growing development changes before and after liver transplantation were evaluated. Results: A total of five patients with HoFH or cHeFH, including two females, were included in this study. The median age was 10 years (6-22 years). The median follow up duration was 28 months (24-33 months). All HoFH or cHeFH patients in this study received the maximum daily dosage of the lipid-lowering drug combined with low salt and low-fat diet control treatment for at least 3 months before orthotopic liver transplantation. The average level of total cholesterol (TC) decreased by 27% compared with that before treatment, the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) decreased by 21% after 3 months treatment. There was no intervention of lipid-lowering therapy after operation. One month after liver transplantation, the average levels of TC and LDL-C further decreased rapidly by 68% and 76% respectively. One year after liver transplantation, the level of LDL-C decreased from (17.1±1.6)mmol/L without any intervention before transplantation to (3.0±0.7)mmol/L, and remained stable thereafter. In addition, compared with no intervention before liver transplantation, the serum triglyceride (TG) level decreased after the maximum daily dosage of the lipid-lowering drug and low salt and low-fat diet control for 3 months ((1.88±0.27) mmol/L vs. (1.12±0.55)mmol/L, P=0.031), and the HDL-C level also decreased significantly ((1.95±0.49)mmol/L vs. (0.95±0.30)mmol/L, P=0.006) at the same time period. TG and HDL-C remained stable after liver transplantation during the 24-month follow-up period (P>0.05). One and two years after liver transplantation, there was no significant difference in height and weight, malnutrition and growth retardation between the patients in this cohort and Chinese children of the same age. Conclusion: Early liver transplantation is a feasible and effective treatment option for HoFH or cHeFH patients with extremely high serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.

Effectiveness and safety of Inclisiran in hyperlipidemia treatment: An overview of systematic reviews.

This paper aimed to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Inclisiran in treating hyperlipidemia through an overview of systematic reviews (SRs). The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, CNKI, WANGFANG database, VIP database, ClinicalTrials.gov, and ICRT were searched electronically to collect SRs and meta-analysis of Inclisiran in hyperlipidemia treatment from the establishment of the database till May 2022. Two researchers independently screened the relevant literature, then the assessment of multiple systematic reviews tool was made into assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Data extracted were used to perform the study through RevMan5.3 software. The grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation tool was used to grade the quality of the evidence of the outcomes included in the SRs. Prospero ID: CRD 42022326845. A total of 10 relevant SRs were included, involving 7 randomized controlled trials. The assessment results of the assessment of multiple systematic reviews tool suggested that the quality of the SRs included needed to be improved. The reduced level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of the experimental group was lower than the control group, and the difference in the amount of effectiveness was statistically significant (MD = -50.13, 95%CI: -56.2 to -44.06, P < .00001). The grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation results showed that out of 27 outcomes, 8 were high-quality, 3 were of medium quality, 6 were of low quality, and 10 were of the most inferior quality. 300mg Inclisiran with 2 injections a year has the best therapeutic effect, which can significantly reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol, and increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in patients with hyperlipidemia. Inclisiran has a favorable safety profile, with no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions compared to a placebo. Most of the adverse effects were associated with the reaction on the injection site.

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CAYLUSEA ABYSSINICA LEAVES

Introduction: Controlling type 2 diabetes with a treatment having no side effects remains a challenge for researchers even if the side effects are reduced and there may be a chance for reduced adverse reactions or severe side effects due to drug interaction. These interactions could result from concurrent use of dietary supplements or pharmacological therapy in addition to the medications. The current reading's objective was to assess the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses, and antidiabetic potentials of methanol leaf extract of Caylusea abyssinica (C. abyssinica) in diabetic rats. Methods: The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses of total alkaloids phenol, and flavonoids were determined using the well-known test procedure outlined in the literature. The obtained C. abyssinica methanol leaf extract was used to examine in vitro anti-diabetic activity (α-Amylase inhibition), oral acute toxicity, and in vivo anti-diabetic activity against streptozotocin-induced diabetes rat model. Alkaloids, carbohydrates, reducing sugars, saponins, phenolic compounds, glycosides, tannins, and flavonoids were all established in the samples after phytochemical examination. Results: The amount of phenolics in the methanol leaf extract was (295.50 mg/g), with flavonoids coming in second (136.66 mg/g) and alkaloids coming in third (11.23 mg/g). The extract's ability to inhibit α-amylase was investigated. The study's findings show that the chosen plants had significant in vitro anti-diabetic effect. Up to 2000 mg/kg given over 14 days, the methanol extract's acute toxicity trials did not reveal any harmful effects. Rats were given streptozotocin (60 mg/kg; i.p.) to induce diabetes, and glibenclamide (500 mcg/kg body weight) was utilized as the usual medication. Body weight, HDL, total protein, SGOT, SGPT, cholesterol, blood sugar levels, and triglycerides were all assessed in this study. Comparing diabetic rats to normal (control) rats, blood sugar and total protein, SGOT, SGPT, cholesterol levels, and triglyceride concentrations were all considerably (p&lt; 0.001) reduced after oral administration of methanol extract of C. abyssinica at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg and increased the level of HDL and body weight. Conclusion: As a result of the aforementioned findings, it can be said that C. abyssinica methanol leaf extract significantly reduces blood sugar levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Peer Review History: Received: 5 November 2022; Revised: 11 December; Accepted: 8 January 2023, Available online: 15 January 2023 Academic Editor: Dr. Tamer Elhabibi, Suez Canal University, Egypt, tamer_hassan@pharm.suez.edu.eg Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewers: Dr. Sangeetha Arullappan, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia, sangeetha@utar.edu.my Prof. Hüsniye Kayalar, Ege University, Turkey, husniyekayalar@gmail.com Similar Articles: EFFECT OF THE AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF CLERODENDRUM THOMSONIAE LINN (VERBENACEAE) LEAVES ON TYPE 2 DIABETIC WISTAR RATS INDUCED BY THE MACAPOS1 TYPE DIET AND DEXAMETHASONE ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF DRACAENA CINNABARI BALF. RESIN ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SOQATRA ISLAND IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS EVALUATION OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF EUPHORBIA NERIIFOLIA STEM BARK ON BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS, SERUM AND TISSUE LIPIDS IN A PRECLINICAL MODEL

Clinical verification of the relationship between serum lipid metabolism and immune activity in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy

BackgroundLipid metabolism has been recently reported to affect the prognosis and tumor immune activity in cancer patients. However, the effect of lipid metabolism on chemosensitivity in patients with breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) remains unclear.MethodsWe examined 327 patients with breast cancer who were treated with NAC followed by curative surgery. The correlations between the serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) and the clinicopathological features, including the efficacy of NAC, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), were evaluated retrospectively.ResultsSerum TG levels were increased after NAC in all the subtypes, and the rate of change was the highest, especially in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) (21.0% → 48.1%). In addition, only TNBC patients with an objective response (OR) had significantly higher TG levels after NAC than those without (P = 0.049). Patients with a high ALC before NAC had significantly higher TG levels after NAC than patients with all breast cancer (P = 0.001), HER2-enriched breast cancer (P = 0.021), and TNBC (P = 0.008). Patients with a low NLR before NAC had significantly higher TG levels after NAC only among patients with TNBC (P = 0.025). In patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-enriched breast cancer, the group with normal TC levels before NAC had significantly better OS than those with high TC levels (P = 0.013, log-rank test), and in patients with TNBC, the group with high TC levels after NAC had significantly better OS than those with normal TC levels (P = 0.014, log-rank test).ConclusionsGood systemic immune activity and chemosensitivity may be associated with lipid metabolism regulated by NAC in TNBC patients.

THE EFFECT OF RED DRAGON FRUIT (HYLOCEREUS POLYRHIZUS) JUICE ON TOTAL CHOLESTEROL LEVEL IN WOMEN

Cholesterol is a component of fat/lipid substances in the form of free and esters with fatty acids. The excessive cholesterol in the blood can form deposits on the walls of blood vessels, causing atherosclerosis. Anthocyanins and tocotrienol compounds in red dragon fruit can suppress the formation of cholesterol in the body. The type of research used was an experiment with a pretest and posttest approach. The study used 1 dose of 2.86g/KgBW for 14 days. The samples used were the women members of PKK RT 04 RW 16 Mojosongo Surakarta totaling 18 people. The average total cholesterol level before treatment in this study was 237.28 mg/dl and after treatment 222.89 mg/dl. This study was tested using the Shapiro-Wilk test. It was known that the data were normally distributed (p&gt;0.05), Paired t-test data obtained a significance result of 0. 012 (p&lt;0.05). It can be concluded that Ho is rejected, which means that there is an effect of giving red dragon fruit juice (Hylocereus polyrhizus) on total cholesterol levels in women.

Pengaruh konsumsi cookies garut (Marantha arundinacea) yang mengandung glukomanan porang sebagai makanan selingan terhadap kadar kolesterol total penyandang diabetes mellitus tipe 2

Effect of consuming arrowroot cookies containing glucomannan porang as a snack on total cholesterol levels of people with type 2 diabetesBackground: People with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have a risk of dyslipidemia, which is an increase in total cholesterol levels. Dietary fiber is known to have health benefits for improving lipid profiles. Arrowroot cookies containing glucomannan porang is a snack with high dietary fiber content.Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of consuming arrowroot cookies as a snack for 8 weeks on the total cholesterol levels of people with type 2 diabetes.Methods: This study is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test post-test design with control group. Subjects are type 2 diabetes patients who are registered in four Yogyakarta City Health Centers. The intervention group was given five arrowroot cookies (65 grams) as a substitute snack for 8 weeks. Arrowroot cookies contain 0.57% soluble fiber and 15.80% insoluble fiber. Fasting total cholesterol levels, nutrient intake, anthropometry, and physical activity were measured twice, at pre- (week 0) and post-intervention (8th week).Results: The average total cholesterol levels of the control group and intervention group changed with no significant difference between the two study groups. The intervention group experienced a significant increase in total cholesterol levels (p&lt;0.05) from 182.36 mg/dL to 202.55 mg/dL. There were no significant changes in anthropometric and physical activity. There was an increase in fiber intake in both groups but it was not significant for the intervention group (p=0.051).Conclusion: There was a significant change in the total cholesterol level of people with type 2 diabetes after consuming arrowroot cookies containing glucomannan porang as a snack for 8 weeks.

Epidemiology of prediabetes mellitus among hill tribe adults in Thailand.

Prediabetes is a major silent health problem that leads to the development of diabetes within a few years, particularly among those who have a low socioeconomic status. Hill tribe people are vulnerable to prediabetes due to their unique cultural cooking methods and their hard work on farms, as well as their low economic status and educational levels. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of prediabetes among hill tribe people in Thailand and identify the related factors. This cross-sectional study included participants who belong to one of the six main hill tribes: Akah, Lahu, Hmong, Yao, Karen, and Lisu. The study was conducted in 30 hill tribe villages in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. A validated questionnaire was administered, and 5-mL blood specimens were collected. Data were collected between November 2019 and March 2020. Logistic regression was used to determine the associations between independent variables and prediabetes. A total of 1,406 participants were recruited for the study; 67.8% were women, 77.2% were between 40 and 59 years old, and 82.9% were married. The majority worked in the agricultural sector (57.2%), had an annual income ≤ 50,000 baht (67.5%), and had never attended school (69.3%). The prevalence of prediabetes was 11.2%. After controlling for age and sex, five factors were found to be associated with prediabetes. Members of the Akha and Lisu tribes had 2.03 (95% CI = 1.03-3.99) and 2.20 (95% CI = 1.10-4.42) times higher odds of having prediabetes than Karen tribe members, respectively. Those with hypertension (HT) had 1.47 (95% CI = 1.03-2.08) times higher odds of having prediabetes than those with normal blood pressure. Those with a normal total cholesterol level had 2.43 (95% CI = 1.65-3.58) times higher odds of having prediabetes than those with a high total cholesterol level. Those with a high triglyceride level had 1.64 (95% CI = 1.16-2.32) times higher odds of having prediabetes than those with a normal triglyceride level. Those with a high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level had 1.96 (95% CI = 1.30-2.96) times higher odds of having prediabetes than those with a normal LDL-C level. Appropriate dietary guidelines and exercise should be promoted among hill tribe people between 30 and 59 years old to reduce the probability of developing prediabetes.

Effect of deep-fried oil consumption on lipid profile in rats

BackgroundDeep-frying is a common practice in food preparation. High temperature deep-frying can alter the physicochemical properties of food ingredients, which may, in turn, affect the lipid profile of consumers. Changes in lipid profile are known to be associated with various diseases, such as cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the effect of oils present in deep-fried foods on the lipid profile of consumers is not well studied. MethodsThe bodyweight of wistar strain rats was determined at the beginning and end of the experimental period. Serum was collected from rats fed on an ad libitum diet of either deep-fried oil or fresh oil. Lipid profile, blood glucose, and insulin level were measured by an enzymatic method. ResultsWe found that rats fed deep-fried oil had increased weight (17% in male, 25% in female, 23% on average). Deep-fried oil fed rats had increased triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation (28% in male, 58% in female and 40% on average) total cholesterol (TC) level (42% in male, 35% in female, 38% on average) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) level (16% in male, 68% in female, 40% on average). Deep-fried oil consumption decreased high density lipoprotein (HDL) level (19% in male, 37% in female, 21% on average), but the effect is statistically insignificant in males. ConclusionsThe increase in TAG, TC, and LDL-cholesterol are indicators of risk of CVDs. We therefore conclude that the consumption of deep-fried oil containing diet affect the lipid profile which might increase the risk of CVDs. Hence, we strongly recommend reducing the consumption of deep-fried oils in the human diet.

Pengaruh Ketaatan Terapi menggunakan Metode Medication Possession Ratio pada Penderita Sindrom Metabolik

Metabolic syndrome is still a major problem in developing countries and it has an association with high blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipid profile abnormalities, which can cause cardiovascular disease. This indicates that it is important to provide adequate treatment, but patient compliance has effects on the outcome. Improving patients’ compliance to treatment can provide a better control of the condition. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association between medication compliance and the therapeutic outcome of metabolic syndrome. This observational analytic study was conducted using a retrospective cohort design for one year of observation, namely April 2020-March 2021. The influence of patient compliance with therapy outcomes in terms of blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipid profile was assessed using the medication possession ratio method. This study was carried out by examining patients’ medical records from the Bethesda Lempuyangwangi Hospital as parameters for compliance, while the outcome parameters were assessed by experts. The data obtained were analyzed using Anova (homogeneous data) or Kruskal-Wallis (not homogeneous data) to determine the differences in the compliance based on patients’ characteristics. The relationship of adherence to therapeutic outcomes was analyzed using logistic bivariate. From 174 patients’ data that was observed, only 151 had a blood test. The average systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and HbA1c levels were above the standard threshold. The three levels of compliance had no significant relationship with blood pressure, HbA1c, and lipid profiles (p&gt;0.05). The adjusted data for age and gender on adherence showed patients with low compliance, and they have a 2.08 times risk of having high triglyceride levels compared to others (p&lt;0.05). The results indicated the patients’ low compliance to therapy, hence, health professionals must strengthen education to improve this condition.

PARAMETERS OF LIPID METABOLISM IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND THYROID DYSFUNCTION

BACKGROUND . In CKD lipid metabolism disorders are associated with a high incidence of adverse outcomes. Dyslipidemia in patients with CKD is characterized by a decrease in HDL cholesterol, high triglyceride levels, and normal total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels. In CKD, a decrease in the functional activity of the thyroid gland (subclinical hypothyroidism) is often detected. THE AIM : to study the parameters of the lipid spectrum of blood in patients with different stages of chronic kidney disease and thyroid dysfunction. PATIENTS AND METHODS . A one-stage cross-sectional study of 457 patients with glomerulopathies without clinically significant diseases of the cardiovascular system with preserved ejection fraction (&gt; 55% according to Simpson method) according to echocardiography was carried out. To identify thyroid dysfunction, a screening determination of the level of TSH, free T4 was assessed. The parameters of the blood lipid spectrum and GFR were assessed in all patients. Parametric and nonparametric methods of statistical analysis were used. RESULTS . Advanced stages of CKD are characterized by the formation of atherogenic dyslipidemias. 13.1% of patients received statin therapy, the target values of the blood lipid spectrum on statin therapy were not achieved. In the group of patients with nephrotic syndrome, the parameters of the blood lipid spectrum were significantly worse. Most of the patients with CKD were outside the target values of the blood lipid spectrum. In patients with TSH&gt; 7.0 mIU / L, the content of TC, LDL, non-HDL was significantly higher than in the group of patients with normal thyroid function. CONCLUSION . Subclinical hypothyroidism contributes to the formation of atherogenic dyslipidemias in patients with CKD.

Sex-Specific Associations Between Serum Lipids, Antinuclear Antibodies, and Statin Use in National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1999-2004.

Lipid metabolism contributes to the regulation of leukocyte activity and immune responses, and may serve as a therapeutic target in the pathophysiology and clinical management of autoimmune disorders. In addition to lipid-lowering properties, statins have been shown to exert anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects within the context of autoimmunity. Importantly, autoimmune incidence and lipid markers differ between men and women, suggesting that the relationship between lipid metabolism and immune function may vary by sex. Therefore, we investigated whether a predictive, sex-specific relationship exists between serum lipids, statin use, and antinuclear antibodies (ANA)—a routine clinical marker of autoimmunity and immune dysfunction—in U.S. men and women (>20 years old; n = 1,526) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2004. Within this population, a greater proportion of women were positive for ANA (ANA+) and had higher ANA titers, as compared to men. While we did not observe statistical differences in average total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), or triglyceride levels in ANA positive (ANA+) vs. ANA negative (ANA–) men or women, we observed that a greater proportion of ANA+ women had high total cholesterol levels (>240 mg/dL) when compared to ANA+ men (13.0 vs. 9.0%), and that a greater percentage of ANA+ women had low HDL-C as compared to ANA+ men (29.2 vs. 19.6%). However, in logistic regression models, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and HDL-C levels were not able to predict ANA status, whereas elevated serum triglycerides (150 to < 200 mg/dL) were significantly less likely to be ANA+ vs. ANA– (OR 0.33; 95% CI 0.11–0.92) in men only. Interestingly, women who reported taking statins have significantly lower odds of being ANA+ (OR 0.25; 95% CI 0.09–0.76), whereas no significant association between statin use and ANA status was observed in men. Together, our findings provide novel insight into the relationship between lipid metabolism and autoimmunity by elucidating the limited, albeit sex-specific utility of routine clinical serum lipid levels to predict ANA status at the population level, while further identifying a sex-specific and protective role for statins in predicting ANA status in women.

The Study of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Among the Patients of Systemic Hypertension - An Original Research Article

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a long-term sleep disorder that presents with partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway during sleep. It is one of the secondary causes and independent risk factors of hypertension (HTN). The study aimed to study and compare characteristics between patients with and without OSA among hypertensives. Materials and Methods: A total of 76 patients with systemic HTN attending a tertiary care hospital from January 2019 to September 2019 were included in the study. Clinical and demographic data were collected and recorded. For the patients with Epworth Sleepiness Scale score &gt;10, limited polysomnography was done. Patients were diagnosed with and without OSA. Characteristics of all the patients were compared. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 59 years, 51.3% were females, 48.7% were males, and 63.8% had OSA. The average neck and waist circumference were significantly greater in patients with OSA than without (P = 0.004 and P = 0.001, respectively). The average spontaneous bacterial peritonitis among patients with OSA and without differed significantly (P = 0.023). The average random blood sugar among patients with OSA was significantly higher (P &lt; 0.001). The average total cholesterol and triglycerides levels were significantly higher in OSA patients (P &lt; 0.002 and P &lt; 0.001, respectively). Although statistically insignificant, average high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein were higher in OSA patients (P &gt; 0.05). The presence of resistant HTN was significantly associated with OSA (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: There is a significant association of OSA among patients with HTN. In addition, OSA was also linked with a higher frequency of other comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. Hence, patients with HTN should be screened for undiagnosed OSA, especially if HTN is not responding to multiple drugs adequately.

DESCRIPTION OF TOTAL CHOLESTEROL LEVELS IN ACTIVE SMOKERS USING THE CHOLESTEROL OXIDASE PEROXSIDASE AMINOANTYPIRIN (CHOD-PAP) METHOD IN PUSKESMAS KABILA

Smoking can cause various health problems such as disorders of the blood vessels, deaths caused by vascular system diseases in Indonesia totaling 468,700 people or it is the 6th largest of all WHO group countries. This is because cigarette smoke contained in tobacco is one of the substances that can interfere with the body's work and affect cholesterol metabolism in the body, damaging the walls of blood vessels so that it makes it easier for fats to stick to the walls of the blood vessels.&#x0D; The purpose of this study was to describe the total cholesterol levels in active smokers using the Cholesterol Oxidase Peroxsidase Aminoantypirin (CHOD-PAP) method.&#x0D; This research is a quantitative descriptive study using simple random sampling technique. The population in this study were 428 active smokers with a sample of 28. Sampling was carried out at the district health center, bone bolango district, and an examination was carried out at the Regional Health Laboratory Center of Gorontalo Province from 12 to 16 October using a 5010 photometer.&#x0D; Based on the research results found 18 respondents who who have high total cholesterol levels with a percentage of 64.3% and 10 respondents who have normal total cholesterol levels with a percentage of 35.7% and factors that can affect total cholesterol levels in smokers are genetics, age and habits of consuming high-fat foods. Active smokers are advised to stop consuming cigarettes or reduce the number of cigarettes consumed.&#x0D;

PEGylated Nanoencapsulate of Melatonin-Rich Supercritical CO2 Extract of Yellow Mustard Seeds is an Authentic Lead for Type 2 Diabetes and Cholesterol Management

This study aimed to formulate melatonin (MT)-rich nanocapsulates from natural sources for mitigating hypercholesterolemia and type 2 diabetes. The in vivo hypocholesterolemic and antidiabetic efficacies of the MT-rich extract of yellow mustard (YM) seeds has already been established in our previous investigation. This outcome prompted us to formulate nanoliposomes of the aforesaid extract to enhance the said therapeutic efficacies. YM extract has been encapsulated in the form of nanoliposomes (YM-PN) and subjected to detailed functional characterization. YM-PN has been administered orally (550 mg/kg b.w. for 28 days) in Wistar albino rats and, post-sacrification their plasma MT level, fasting blood glucose (FBG) level, serum lipid profile and activities of key enzymes of glucose and cholesterol metabolic pathways were assayed. Functional characterization of YM-PN revealed PEGylated-o/w type-hydrophilic nanoliposomes which demonstrated prolonged and sustained release of MT (63.32% after 8 h). A synergistic consortium of antioxidants conferred strong antioxidant activity to YM-PN. Oral administration of YM-PN to diabetic and hypercholesterolemic rats restored their normal FBG and total cholesterol (TC) levels, respectively, with desirable up-down regulations of key enzymes of glucose and cholesterol homeostasis. Plasma MT levels also improved in these animals. The in vitro non-invasive model of iHOMA2 predicted that YM-PN increased hepatic insulin sensitivity and/ or glucose uptake in the gut in diabetic rats. The synergistic consortium of bioactives (including melatonin) in YM-PN is an authentic lead for natural product-based medicines in redressing hypercholesterolemia and type 2 diabetes.

Awareness, Perceptions, and Literacy Surrounding Hearing Loss and Hearing Rehabilitation Among the Adult Population in the United States.

Objective:To characterize current awareness, perceptions, and literacy surrounding hearing loss among the adult population in the United States.Study Design:National cross-sectional survey study.Setting:United States.Patients:Adults between 50 and 80 years of age in the United States.Results:Survey respondents included 1,250 adults between the ages of 50 and 80 years, including 500 who indicated at least moderate hearing loss and were using hearing aids and 750 who denied having hearing loss and were not using hearing aids.Only 9% of patients were able to correctly identify what constitutes a “normal” or “average” range for hearing. By comparison, a “normal” range of values for vision, blood pressure, and total cholesterol were identified correctly by 93%, 85%, and 52% of the 1,250 surveyed adults, respectively. When asked to rank the importance of addressing hearing loss within the context of 10 other common health conditions, hearing loss was ranked third to least important. When considering annual health maintenance, respondents indicated they were “very likely” to have an annual physical exam (72%), a cholesterol test (70%), an eye exam (66%), and bring their pet to a veterinarian (59%) over twice as frequently as having their hearing evaluated (27%).When evaluating awareness surrounding associations between hearing loss and other health and social issues, less than one-fourth indicated strong awareness about links between hearing loss and depression, employability and income, fall risk, dementia, and type 2 diabetes. While most patients acknowledge the potential impacts of hearing loss on safety, quality of life, and health, less than half believe that hearing loss is treatable and less than 20% believe that hearing loss is preventable.Conclusion:Despite widespread literacy of what constitutes normal vision, blood pressure, and total cholesterol levels, respondents exhibit substantially poorer understanding of “normal” hearing levels. Most adults believe that few treatment options exist for the management of hearing loss. Underlying the uniformly limited literacy surrounding hearing loss and its treatment options is the adult population's lack of appreciation for the long-term health sequelae of untreated hearing loss.

ОЦІНКА ПОКАЗНИКІВ ЛІПІДНОГО ОБМІНУ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ З ІШЕМІЧНОЮ ХВОРОБОЮ СЕРЦЯ ТА ГЕНЕРАЛІЗОВАНИМ ПАРОДОНТИТОМ

Introduction. It has been assumed that generalized periodontitis (GP) adversely affects the qualitative and quantitative composition of plasma lipids and lipoproteins. On the other hand, periodontal treatment and reduction of general periodontal pocket infection in patients with GP are associated with a decrease in total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG). The aim of the study was to conduct a comparative assessment of the state of lipid metabolism in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) depending on the GP severity. Methods. The study included 101 patients (mean±SD age - 58.2 ± 8.3 years) with CAD and GP, 58 men (57.4%) and 43 women (42.6%). According to the severity of GP, study participants were divided into 3 groups: group I - patients with CAD and GP stage I (initial periodontitis), group II - patients with CAD and GP stage II (moderate periodontitis) and group III - patients with CAD and GP stage III and IV (severe periodontitis). The control group included 9 patients with CAD and clinical gingival health on an intact periodontium (mean±SD age - 56.3 ± 6.1 years), 5 men (55.6%) and 4 women (44.4%). The diagnosis of CAD and the results of lipid metabolism were obtained by analyzing the inpatient medical records. Results. It was revealed that the values of TC, LDL-C, very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C), TG and atherogenic coefficient (AC) were lower in the group of patients with CAD and clinical gingival health compared to the level of the corresponding indicators in the groups of patients with CAD and GP (p&lt;0.05). In the analysis of lipid profile in patients with CAD and GP of varying severity, it was found that the average levels of TC, LDL-C, and AC in the subjects of group I were significantly lower compared to the corresponding indicators of groups II and III (p&lt;0.05). There was no statistical difference in the values of lipid metabolism in groups II and III (p&gt;0.05). No significant difference was found in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels between the comparison groups including the patients with CAD and clinical gingival health (p&gt;0.05), as well as the gender characteristics of the analyzed indicators in the examined patients. Conclusions. Average levels of TC, LDL-C, and AC in patients with CAD and GP increase with increasing destructive-inflammatory changes in periodontal tissues, therefore, with the severity of GP indicating the progression of atherogenesis along with the increased inflammatory process in the periodontium

Lipid Profile of the Patient with Acute Coronary Syndromes Undergoing Coronary Angiography (CAG) in Rural Costal Region of Maharashtra

Background: Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is widely prevalent across the globe and significantly high level of Cholesterol in circulation is a single major risk factor associated with coronary heart disease. It is well established that cardiovascular disease is associated with hypertension and elevated blood levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol, and triglycerides. In disparity, a low level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a risk factor for mortality from cardiovascular disease. Aim: The present study was conducted with the aim to assess the lipid profile in patients of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) in rural coastal population. Patients and Methods: The present study was done on 62 patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) Serum levels of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides were examined in biochemical laboratory of the hospital. Coronary angiography was performed for the presence of lesions. Results: 43.5% of the patients (n=27) were elderly (age&gt;60 years). Approximately 82% of the patients (n=51) aged more than 50 years. Males outnumbered females with a ratio of 2.4:1. 71% of the patients were males. Mean cholesterol levels were 177.86 mg/dl. Approx 3/4th of the patients (n=41) had cholesterol level &lt;200 mg/Dl. Mean triglycerides levels in the patients were 158.29 mg/dl. Only 11 patients out of 62 CAD patients had abnormal triglycerides. Mean LDL level was 119.5 mg and Mean HDL level was 34.5 mg %. The high plasma concentration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) in 30% and the low plasma concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) n 33% of patients were important abnormal findings in our patients. Conclusion: Dyslipidemia as in form of very low levels of HDL cholesterol with comparatively high levels of LDL-c with near normal total Cholesterol and triglyceride levels associated with ACS in our rural costal region of Maharashtra.

Gambaran Castelli’s Risk Index-1 pada Pasien Sindrom Koroner Akut di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang

Atherogenic dyslipidemia is one of the risk factors for the acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Castelli's risk index-1 (CRI-1) is one of which risk markers for ACS. Castelli's risk index-1 is the ratio of total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol. The test is cheap and easy to do in the hospital setting. Objectives: To described CRI-1 in ACS patients in Dr. M. Djamil Padang Hospital. Methods: This descriptive study was carried out in the central laboratory and the CardioVascular Care Unit (CVCU) of Dr. M. Djamil Hospital Padang from September 2017 to September 2018. The population was all ACS patients who have been diagnosed by the clinician. The samples were part of the population that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Colorimetric enzymatic method using automated clinical chemistry used to measure total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol. Results: This study used CRI-1&gt; 4. Data were presented descriptively in a frequency distribution table. Seventy ACS patients were consisting of 50 (71.43%) males and 20 (28.57%) females, with a median age of 60.1 (8.93) years old. The median total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol levels were 178.66 (46.84) mg / dL respectively and 35.71 (10.86) mg / dL. CRI-1 mean is 5.43 (2.27). 81.43% CRI-1 subject results were more than four. Conclusion: The low levels of HDL cholesterol and within normal median total cholesterol level made CRI-1 value increased.Keywords: Acute coronary syndrome, Castelli’s risk index-1

The Combination Effect of Simvastatin and Virgin Coconut Oil on Total Cholesterol Levels in Dislipidemic Male Albino Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Introduction: Simvastatin is a primary pharmacological therapy for dyslipidemia (hypercholesterolemia). Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is a companion intake of statin drugs considered capable of lowering blood cholesterol levels. This study aimed to determine the combination effect of statin drug groups with VCO on total cholesterol.Methods: The stages of this study started with the adaptation process of animals, giving a high-fat diet (HFD), and treatment with simvastatin and VCO. The adaptation process was conducted where the experimental animals were fed pellets and drank clean water in a container. A HFD was given by mixing pork brains with distilled water with a ratio of 1:3 as much as 2 ml per day for 21 days. In simvastatin and VCO treatment for 7 days, the experimental animals were divided into 4 groups; group I was given aquades, group II was given VCO, group III was given simvastatin, and group IV was given simvastatin and VCO. The total cholesterol levels in the blood of albino rats were examined by employing a BS-300 Chemistry Analyzer through a spectrophotometric method. The total cholesterol levels data obtained were then examined for normality (Shapiro-Wilk test) and analyzed parametrically by utilizing One-way ANOVA.Results: The average total cholesterol level in the negative control group (being given a standard diet) was 45.57 mg/dL. The averages of blood total cholesterol levels were 47.28 mg/dL, 45.00 mg/dL, 46.85 mg/dL, 41.42 mg/dL, and 44.28 mg/dL in the positive control group (given an HFD), in the treatment group I, in the treatment group II, in the treatment group III, and in the treatment group IV, respectively. There were no significant distinctions in the statistical test on decreasing blood total cholesterol among the negative control group, positive controls I, II, III, and IV.Conclusion: Combination of simvastatin and VCO tends to reduce the total cholesterol level in albino rats. This is better than just giving VCO simvastatin alone.

Effects of Fasting Ramadan on Glycemic Control and Lipid Profile in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

This study was designed to investigate the effects of fasting the month of Ramadan on the blood glucose levels, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc), and lipid profile among diabetic patients. Patients and Methods: An observational Longitudinal study was conducted on diabetic patients inout patients department in the National Diabetic &amp; Endocrine Center located in Tripoli Libya from May 2017 to July 2017 (i.e. Ramadan 1437). During this time, Ramdan fasts were approximately 16 hours per day. Data on socio-demographic characteristics (age, sex, educational level, and occupation), blood pressure, and anthropometric measurements were collected. The data was obtained using a face-to-face interview, the measurement were using a structured questionnaire, and, blood samples were collected for testing glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), Lipid profile, urea, and Creatinine (using the Integra 400 Pulse). Result: This study included 46 type 2 diabetic participants (27 men and 19 women). The mean participant age was 53.10±13.33 years. The mean body mass index (BMI) of the participants was 32.49±6.19 kg/m2. 26 participants were treated with insulin. The mean number of days fasted was 28.80±2.45 days. Among both male and female participants, the average levels of blood glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, low density and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were all significantly lower during Ramadan as compared with before Ramadan (p&lt;0.05).Conclusion: The results revealed that fasting the month of Ramadan has a significant impact on the decrease in blood sugar, HbAlc level, lipid profile, BMI, and blood pressure among diabetic participants. Fasting Ramadan may prove to be beneficial to the health of type 2 diabetic patients.