Norm Violations Research Articles

Kritik Sosial dalam Lirik Lagu Album Akibat Pergaulan Blues Karya Musisi Jason Ranti

Jason Ranti, in the lyrics of his album entitled The Effects of Blues Association, conveys a lot of criticism and satire on social problems which are considered problems by society depending on the social value system of that society, however there are the same problems faced by society in general, for example the problem of poverty and crime. , family disorganization, the younger generation in modern society, war, violations of societal norms, population, the environment, and bureaucracy. This type of research is qualitative. According to Semi (1993:23), qualitative research is carried out without prioritizing numbers, but prioritizing the depth of appreciation of the interactions between concepts that are being studied empirically. This research using qualitative methods cannot be measured, because its nature emphasizes socially constructed reality. Data from the results of this research found social criticism in the song lyrics in Jason Ranti's album Akun Pergaulan Blues as many as 24 data in the form of several fragments of song lyrics which include 3 types of social criticism, namely (1) social criticism about violations of societal norms (2) social criticism about religious behavior and beliefs (3) social criticism about politics and bureaucracy. It can be concluded that the social criticism contained in the lyrics of the song Album "Results of Promiscuity" by Jason Ranti is social criticism of violations of societal norms, social criticism of religious behavior and beliefs, and social criticism of politics and bureaucracy.

Intergroup revenge and forgiveness as reactions to negative reciprocity

PurposeThis study aims to understand factors that explain the use of revenge and forgiveness by Hindu and Muslim group members in reaction to the rival group’s negative reciprocal behaviour based on norms of negative reciprocity.Design/methodology/approachParticipants from Hindu (n = 175) and Muslim (n = 134) groups in India were presented with two norm-violating situations. Situation 1 involved an intergroup episode and Situation 2 involved an inter-community episode. Their own group members had engaged in the violation of the norms of the other group to which the rival group members had responded negatively. Participants anticipated the likelihood of their group members using revenge or forgiveness in response to the other group’s negative reaction. These reactions were predicted by religious, political and cultural identities, fraternalistic relative deprivation (FRD), relative power, anger and hate, and perception of the appropriateness of their reaction.FindingsSocial identities predicted intergroup revenge and forgiveness differently for the two groups in the two situations. The stronger religious identity of Muslims, not of Hindus, reduced the likelihood of their using revenge but increased it for forgiveness in both situations. Political identity associated positively with forgiveness in Situation 2 for both groups. Cultural identity predicted the likelihood of Muslims opting for forgiveness in both situations. FRD was not a significant predictor of revenge or forgiveness for Muslims. In the case of Hindus, it reduced the likelihood of their engaging in forgiveness in Situation 2. Relative power associated positively with the likelihood of Muslims, not Hindus, using revenge in both situations. Anger increased the possibility of Hindus reacting in revenge, as well as, forgiveness in the two situations. Anger did not predict revenge for Muslims but it related negatively with forgiveness in the two situations. Stronger hate was associated with revenge for Muslims. The choice of using revenge or forgiveness by own group members was positively predicted by the norms of negative reciprocity for both Hindus and Muslims.Research limitations/implicationsThe study used a convenience sample of young people which reduces the generalizability of the findings.Social implicationsThe findings of this study have implications for designing interventions for resolving intergroup conflicts in various social settings.Originality/valueThe paper adds to the norm violation theory of intergroup relations by focusing on counter-reactions and the understanding of the dynamics of intergroup conflicts.

The role of emotions in collective responses to in-group norm violations: the case of university’s sensitivity to the natural environment norm

The primary objective of this study was to examine the influence of perceptions of environmental in-group norm violations and the associated emotions on the level of support for environmental social movements. Particularly, we examined the association between collective action intentions and the emotions of anger, disgust, guilt, and pride elicited in response to the violation of in-group pro-environmental norms. There were 221 undergraduate participants (154 females, 62 males, 5 non-binary) studying at a Turkish state university, where preserving on-campus environment is perceived as the norm. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions in which on-campus environmental norms were violated or adopted by their peers (i.e., in-group members). Then, their perceptions of norm-violation, emotions about their peers’ on-campus environmental behaviors, and collective action intentions in improving campus’s environmental circumstances were measured. We used structural equation modeling to test the hypothesized links between the study variables. Our findings revealed that participants exhibited high levels of norm violation anger, guilt, and disgust and low levels of pride when their peers were presented as polluters. Only anger and pride were found to be influential in motivating intentions for collective actions. Norm violation perception by itself was not instrumental in mobilizing individuals for the sake of the environment. When coupled with feelings of anger and pride, its association with endorsing intentions for environmental collective action became significant. The current findings shed light on the emotions associated with norm violation and their potential to foster pro-environmental collective action.

Norm Violations and Remediation Dynamics in Honor, Face and Dignity Cultures

Norm Violations and Remediation Dynamics in Honor, Face and Dignity Cultures

Building a Responsive Legal System Through Reforming the Indonesian Constitution

Legal politics or what is known as policy direction is important in order to provide direction on the form and material of law. However, in a study that examines the problems of law enforcement, in Indonesia, which was studied from a legal sociology perspective, it was stated that developments in the world today often give rise to various problems, whether in the form of violations of norms that exist in social life or rules that have a tendency to create a phenomenon that is contrary to moral and ethical rules as well as legal rules. This paper aims to find out the facts and legal political realities that occur on post-reform legislation in forming responsive laws. Using a normative writing method. The direction of legal politics in post-reform Indonesia is the desire to form a responsive legal system, this can be implicitly seen in several changes to the constitution. Change towards responsive law is not something instant and easy, there must be a commitment from the state and the people together to realize the ideal of this system. Although the current implementation of law still experiences many errors here and there, at least the existing legal products have led to laws that responsive, what is needed now are leadership figures who are able to bring Indonesia to the implementation of responsive laws that are in accordance with what was previously expected in order to achieve prosperity for the people.

Standing Up to the Maskless: Antecedents of Norm Enforcement Behavior and Meta-Norm Misperception During COVID-19 at a College Campus

Extending theorization on bystander intervention, this study examined antecedents of upstanding, a communication practice in which bystanders communicate disapproval to norm violators, using the context of mask wearing during COVID-19. Survey findings from undergraduate students revealed that perceived legitimacy of intervention played a key role in decisions to stand up to mask norm violators. In addition, anticipation of hostile responses from the confronted party and bystander indifference discouraged upstanding behavior or intentions. Participants also expected to receive less support from bystanders in a hypothetical episode as an upstander than what they intended to offer an upstander as a bystander.

Partisan Differences in Voters’ Desire for Punishment in Response to Politicians’ Moral Transgressions

Research shows that politicians are often not electorally punished for immoral behavior. Yet, voters may still desire to see politicians punished outside of the election context for committing moral transgressions. Moreover, these desires may be conditioned by the partisanship of the voter, the transgressor, and voters’ perceptions of moral violation severity. To examine such effects, we conduct a vignette study asking 2997 U. S. respondents to consider politicians’ moral violations. We randomly varied the moral principle violated (Care, Fairness, Loyalty, Authority, Sanctity, and a social norm violation) and the partisanship of the politician (Republic/Democrat/Nonpartisan). When voters perceive the severity of a moral violation to be low, Republicans express a stronger desire to punish than do Democrats. Republicans’ desire for punishment depends on the group of the transgressor, with higher levels of punitiveness desired for out-party transgressors than in-party. However, when voters perceive severity to be moderate or high, Democrats have the stronger desire to punish the politician involved, but they show no in-party bias. Across the moral violations presented, Republicans and Democrats differ in perceptions of severity of politicians’ immoral behavior. Results show partisan voters’ heterogeneity in punitiveness, with the relationship strongly mediated by perceived severity of the moral violation.

Leader affiliative humour and work outcomes in multicultural teams

ABSTRACT Leader affiliative humour is when the leader makes funny remarks to reduce tension or amuse followers. Previous authors find leader affiliative humour may produce favourable effects. Yet, research demonstrates that it can also cause undesirable results. This study draws on the cultural perspective to propose follower power distance orientation as a moderator in leader affiliative humour’s favourable and unfavourable influences on work outcomes in multicultural teams, which refers to work teams composed of members from different countries and cultural backgrounds. To collect data from members of multicultural work teams, we conducted an individual-level three-wave survey with a two-month time lag each in a large Taiwan-based financial holding company operating in more than 20 countries. Analyses of matched data collected from 192 worker-supervisor pairs find leader affiliative humour can improve task performance via increased leader-member exchange only when the follower’s power distance is low and can initiate organizational deviant behaviours via perceived acceptability of norm violation only when the follower’s power distance is high. Our study provides empirical evidence from multicultural teams to demonstrate how leader affiliative humour may favourable or unfavourable influence workers with different levels of power distance orientation to complement the leader humour and the multicultural team literature.

Perseverance reduces whereas impulsivity increases the risk of reoffending

By law, every criminal verdict describes the norm violation in question. To date, the use of this information for prognostic purposes has been standardized only for sex offenses. This study presents a content-analytic approach to the material. A theory-based coding system allows for systematic tracing of the offender’s affective and regulatory processing during norm violation, targeting the entire action sequence: initial activation affect (positive vs. negative), impulsivity vs. intentionality, affect regulation, and coping with intention-implementation difficulties. In a sample of N = 304 males convicted of violent and/or sexual offenses, the processing variables were investigated with respect to (a) objective measurability, (b) relationships with established reoffending risk markers, and (c) their (incremental) performance in predicting reoffending. With respect to objectivity (a), the inter-rater agreement (n = 111) varied widely among the variables (intraclass correlation range 0.03–0.62). Regarding risk markers (b), significant associations were found with the Level of Service Inventory–Revised (LSI-R) subscales criminal history, alcohol/drugs, emotional/personal, and attitudes/orientation. The Crime Scene Behavior Risk Measure for sexual offenses (n = 106) correlated with psychological processing variables for the items multiple juvenile offenders and male victim. Two variables emerged as relevant for predicting recidivism (c): negatively motivated impulsivity predicted violent reoffending, while persistence when coping with implementation difficulties negatively predicted sexual and general reoffending. These relationships statistically mediated the predictive contribution of actuarial risk tools (LSI-R/crime scene behavior risk). Psychological processes during norm violation as reported in verdicts appear to represent underexploited information within risk assessment and beyond.

Does Caring Breed Contempt? Examining the Hypothesis That Activation of a “Parental” Mindset Causes Harsher Moral Judgments

Prior research (most of which is correlational) has suggested that activation of the parental care motivational system may lead people to make harsher moral judgments of social norm violators. We tested this hypothesis in 8 studies (total N = 1790). Seven of the studies were true experiments in which participants made moral judgments after being randomly assigned to either conditions designed to temporarily activate the parental care system or to a control condition. In one of these experiments, participants viewed photographs of either cute animals or furniture and in 6 additional experiments, participants engaged in an autobiographical writing task in which they recalled and wrote about a time they either cared for a child or—in the control conditions that varied across these experiments—had a different experience. In the final non-experimental study, women were recruited in public places and made moral judgments, the harshness of these judgments was compared between those accompanied by a young child versus not accompanied by a young child. The effects (and non-effects) of these procedures on moral judgments were inconsistent across the 8 studies and an internal meta-analysis of the 7 true experiments provided no compelling evidence that the experimental manipulations influenced moral judgments. We hope that these results offer some guidance to future researchers on what methods might—and might not—be effective in activating the parental care system and can support future work on the influence of parental care on moral cognition.

The Revised Sexual Experiences Survey Victimization Version (SES-V): Conceptualization, Modifications, Items and Scoring

ABSTRACT The Sexual Experiences Survey [SES] is considered the gold standard measure of non-consensual sexual experiences. This article introduces a new victimization version [SES-V] developed by a multidisciplinary collaboration, the first revision since 2007. The 2024 SES-V is designed to measure the construct of sexual exploitation since the 14th birthday. Notable revisions are adoption of a freely given permission standard for non-consent, introduction of new tactics and acts, including made to perform or to penetrate another person’s body, tactics-first wording order, and emphasis on gender and sexual orientation inclusivity. The SES-V is modularized to allow whole or partial administration. Modules include Non-contact, Technology-facilitated, Illegal (largely penetrative), and Verbally pressured sexual exploitation. Tables provide item text, multiple scoring approaches, module follow-up, specific incident description and demographics. Future plans include developing a scoring algorithm based on weighting our hypothesized dimensions of sexual exploitation severity: invasiveness, pressure, and norm violation combined with frequency. This article is the first in a special issue on the SES-V. Subsequent articles focus on the taxonomies and literature that informed each module. The issue concludes with two empirical papers demonstrating the feasibility and validity of the SES-V: (1) psychometric comparison with the 2007 SES-SFV; and (2) prevalence data from a census-matched adult community sample.

Constructing an ‘emotional community’ in times of crisis: the EU’s response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022

ABSTRACT How does the EU use emotions in its response to international crises arising from norm violations? In order to answer this question, the article focuses on Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022, and theoretically, it draws on the sociology of emotions literature. The article argues that EU institutional actors use emotions to construct an ‘emotional community’ through their discourses during major crises. More specifically, the article shows that emotions matter in the EU’s crisis response in three ways: First, emotions serve to construct and endure a community of values. Second, emotions frame policy options for determining the EU’s reaction to the crisis. Third, emotions construct emotional boundaries between European emotional community (norm followers/the EU) and norm violators at the international level. By applying ‘emotional community’ concept to a new territory, i.e. the EU, the article aims to broaden our understanding of the EU’s international identity construction in times of crisis.

Russia’s war on Ukraine: unbottled emotions and the conditioning of the EU’s Russia policy

ABSTRACT This article explores those emotions conditioning the EU’s response to Russia’s 24 February 2022 invasion of Ukraine. We argue that the invasion resulted in an unbottling of some member states’ previously pent-up emotions, impacting the range of policy responses available to the EU in its Russia relations. We examine this unbottling to understand what this means for EU foreign policy, generally, and the EU’s Russia policy. We focus on anger and fear as identifiable emotions in the EU response to Russia’s norm violations in Ukraine; and on sympathy and solidarity as corresponding emotions directed towards Ukraine. Exploration of Eurobarometer surveys and European Parliamentary debates in the 2022–2024 period allows us to identify different intensity of feelings towards Russia, resulting from unequal exposure to Russia’s past and present aggression. Managing these competing emotions offers a complex challenge for the EU when decisions are made regarding its potential constitutional and institutional transformation.

Feeling European? The EU as an emotional community

ABSTRACT This article explores the importance of emotions in the European Union (EU), highlighting their role in shaping the EU’s self-image as a foreign policy actor and promoting social cohesion through emotion norms. Emotion norms are shared feeling rules that underpin collective identities and experiences within a group. Focusing on grief as an example, the article explains how it shapes the EU as an emotional community. By analyzing the EU in this way, the study examines how emotion norms help members navigate norm violations. The findings enhance our understanding of the EU’s emotional dynamics, shedding light on the contested nature of solidarity and public discourse. The article also critically reflects on the relevance of grief in EU foreign policy, emphasizing the significance of emotions in shaping EU policy and offering insights into the role of emotion norms.

Emotions in EU foreign policy – when and how do they matter?

ABSTRACT Despite the increasing importance of emotions in explaining political behaviour, the study of emotions in EU policies and politics remains still very limited. The core objective of this special issue is to fill this gap by shedding light on the role of ‘emotions’ in EU foreign policy and to launch a call to EU foreign policy scholars for taking emotions seriously. By analysing multiple foreign policy cases across different geographies and by elucidating the plurality of emotions expressed by the EU, the contributions to this special issue show how and when emotions bear an impact on the EU’s foreign policy decisions and actions in the cases of international norm violations by external actors. The introduction sets the framework for analysing different roles that emotions might play in EU foreign policy by introducing enabling and constraining mechanisms, whereby the EU’s emotional expressions lead to action/inaction through its institutionalised appraisal process.

Nudging punishment against sharing of fake news

Corrective comments posted in response to misinformation shared on social media are not only effective in reducing belief in misinformation among those observing the interaction but also serve as a publicly observable social punishment against fake news sharing. We suggest that, by visibly displaying punishing behavior, corrective comments have the potential to function as a norm nudge, updating observers’ perception of the norms regulating punishment, the so-called “meta-norms”. We conducted a preregistered online experiment in which participants joined discussions resembling an online forum and could comment on posts shared by previous users. We manipulated participants’ possibility to observe corrective comments replying to a post sharing fake news and measured the effect of this variation on their propensity to leave a corrective comment. We show that participants exposed to posts corrected by other users are significantly more likely to reply with a corrective comment, even after controlling for participants’ perceived accuracy of the shared post. Participants exposed to the corrections provided by previous users perceive replying with corrections as more socially appropriate. Our results suggest that social corrections work as a (meta) norm nudge, increasing the probability of punishing norm violations by increasing the social appropriateness of correcting. Our findings suggest that interventions targeting “would-be” enforcers could complement existing policies specifically directed at norm violators.

Counterfactual coercion: Could harsher sanctions against Russia have prevented the worst?

Numerous studies show that properly designed economic sanctions can force the target to refrain from violating international norms. However, policymakers cannot integrate this finding into their ex ante assessments of whether more forceful coercive measures could prevent military coups, human rights violations, or a war of aggression such as the Russian invasion of Ukraine. In this article, we address this shortcoming and introduce counterfactual predictions to answer the what-if question of whether adequate sanctions by the European Union and the United States could have provoked targets to abandon severe norm violations. To this end, a training data set from 1989 to 2008 is used to predict the success of sanctions from 2009 to 2015. Our policy counterfactuals for key sanction cases suggest that stricter EU coercion against Russia after the annexation of Crimea could have triggered policy concessions from the regime of President Putin.

Partisanship and public support for presidential norms

AbstractA prominent scholarship contends that presidential norms are particularly vital to a well‐functioning democracy. However, scant empirical research exists on the topic. I investigate public attitudes toward a novel battery of what many scholars and journalists consider presidential norms and examine the extent to which partisan and policy concerns affect attitudes toward them. Original survey data show that Americans strongly support presidential norms. I argue that there are two salient dimensions of presidential norms—what I call structural norms and presentation norms. Structural norms promote and support constitutional government. Presentation norms concern expectations about when and how presidents should present themselves before the public. Partisans evaluate the two types of presidential norms differentially, with Republicans notably expressing lower support for structural norms. I then present experimental evidence that the public's support for presidential norms is malleable to partisan framing. These results suggest that the public supports presidential norms in the abstract, but compelling rhetoric can facilitate presidential norm violations.

Urgensi Altruisme Sebagai Ketahanan Sosial dalam Penanganan Bencana Covid-19: Studi Konseptual Terhadap Tingginya Egosentris Masyarakat Selama Pandemi

This article focuses on the altruism crisis that has emerged in society during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is proven by violators of health norms' carelessness to the risk of the infection spreading further. Those infected with the COVID-19 virus do so on purpose in public areas, oblivious to the consequences for others. This article also demonstrates that low empathy, social responsibility, and self-control influence the crisis of altruism experienced by health protocol violators, according to a literature review. As a result, we provide a scientific contribution by reminding society of the necessity of altruism in preventing the spread of the COVID-19 virus through this article.

Are women penalized for showing pride at work? Gender disparities in the competence‐warmth tradeoff

AbstractShowing pride at work clearly communicates personal success (i.e., high competence) and boosts status; yet some evidence suggests it can also signal self‐focus and insensitivity to others (i.e., low warmth). Prior scholars have proposed gender differences explain mixed findings, but with limited support. We propose that the benefit‐cost tradeoff depends on the displayer's gender in conjunction with the social context of the display. We test the contextualized dual‐signaling model of employee pride displays, uniquely assessing how the signaler's gender and receiver's social motives (between‐person comparisons) change first‐impressions of competence and warmth after one or repeated exposures (i.e., within‐person comparisons). Study 1 was a 2 (signaler gender) by 2 (signal context) design obtaining judgments before and after seeing a dynamic pride display. Pride displays increased competence similarly across employee gender, but women saw significantly greater costs to warmth when displays were public (i.e., coworkers present), a violation of gender norms. In Study 2, we replicate this finding regardless of whether coworkers were collaborators or competitors (between‐person), and found repeated displays increase the warmth cost for women and the competence gains for men. In Study 3, we compare the costs for women of confirming gender norms for warmth (i.e., happiness display) or violating gender norms for warmth but conforming to leader norms for competence (i.e., pride display). Results suggest “happy” women are preferred as leaders over “proud” women despite higher competence. We clarify mixed findings and confirm the need for contextualized theory to understand gender differences in pride displays and career trajectories.