Non-working Population Research Articles

Epidemiology of Urolithiasis with Sex and Working Status Stratification Based on the National Representative Cohort in Republic of Korea

BackgroundThis study aimed to estimate the annual prevalence and incidence of urolithiasis stratified by work status based on a large nationwide sample. MethodsThis study used data from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort from 2002 to 2015. The prevalence and incidence of urolithiasis were estimated based on work status and gender stratification. The risk of urolithiasis among workers was calculated using age-standardized incidence ratio with stratification of work type. ResultsThe prevalence of urolithiasis was significantly higher in workers than in non-workers, especially men, during the follow-up period. The total estimated number of urolithiasis cases was 41,086 and the overall incidence of urolithiasis was 0.3%. The age-standardized incidence ratio of urolithiasis was significantly higher among the total workers (1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.13–1.16), self-employed workers (1.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–1.11), and paid workers (1.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–1.21) than among the non-working population. ConclusionsWorkers, especially paid workers and men, were vulnerable to urolithiasis. Further studies are required to investigate the effects of working conditions on urolithiasis.

The impact of entrepreneurship education on the entrepreneurial intention of students at the International University of Excellence in Mali: an exploratory study

This paper is research devoted to the self-employment of students of the International University of Excellence of Bamako through the teaching of entrepreneurship as a factor in the development of entrepreneurial intention among students in training. This choice is explained by several factors: the State's recruitment capacities in the public service are limited; the modern private sector which constitutes the natural outlet for young graduates is not in a position to offer employment for the many promotions of students trained annually who constitute thousands of people who increase the non-working population. It is becoming necessary to put in place systems that allow young graduates, especially those in training, to set up their own account through entrepreneurship. The practical study led us to consider the case of the International University of Excellence of Bamako. To study it, we focused our work on teaching entrepreneurship as a factor in the development of the entrepreneurial intention and self-employment of Students. As the parent population, we have a database of 236 students, from first to third year undergraduate students of the 2019 - 2021 academic years. This population is distributed between the different fields (Finance - accounting, Projects and organizations Management, Money - Finance - Banking and Insurance, Marketing-Communication, International Trade, Logistics - Transport, Business Intelligence). The information collected and processed will allow us to have a series of data on the possibilities offered by the teaching of entrepreneurship in terms of productivity of students of the International University of Excellence of Bamako before obtaining a university degree but also, to have an overview of self-employment and the teaching of entrepreneurship as a factor in the development of entrepreneurial intention and self-employment of the students of the International University of Excellence (IUE).

Integration of military medical services and civilian health careas a key condition for the provision of medical care to military personneland the population in the event of a large-scale military conflict.

The escalation of the military conflict in Ukraine threatens with a shortage of resources for the military medical service. The solution may be the integration of civil and military medicine - it is provided for by the military medical doctrine of NATO, but does not have a systematic implementation in the Russian Federation, which even in peacetime limits the availability of medical care to military personnel, and in the event of an escalation of the conflict in Ukraine threatens to overload the military medical service . Attempts to integrate civilian and military medical infrastructure were unsuccessful due to the lack of a systematic approach to their interaction and the inability of the departments concerned to reach an agreement on the mechanisms and sources of funding.The authors propose to return to the principles of organizational integration between military and civilian medicine, which were first proposed in the ХIX century by N.I. Pirogov, successfully used by the health care of the USSR during the civil and second world wars and forgotten after the collapse of the Soviet Union. For financial and economic integration, it is proposed to include military personnel in the CHI system for medical care that military medical institutions cannot provide due to their overload, remoteness or lack of necessary specialists.It is proposed to solve the problem of paying compulsory medical insurance contributions for military personnel by replacing the compulsory medical insurance contributions paid by employers (for employees) and the subjects of the Federation (for the non-working population) with a universal compulsory medical insurance contribution automatically withheld at the same rate for all legal entities and individuals from all non-cash transactions - thereby financing additional medical guarantees for military personnel, leveling the “free rider effect” in the CHI system.

Social policy of the state and the role of state programs in solving the problems of social protection of the population

Introduction. In a market economy, the process of state development is often accompanied by a drop in the standard of living of the population, a deterioration in the demographic situation in the country, a reduction in the average life expectancy of people, which makes it necessary to improve the effectiveness of the social protection system of citizens. When developing a social policy, the question of social priorities arises as one of the most important, that is, such social tasks that are currently the most urgent and urgent for society, require priority solutions, such as social protection of the working and non-working population, pension provision, social support for low-income segments of the population and the unemployed, etc. Materials and methods. During the preparation of the article the authors used conference materials, as well as in the review of sources – modern foreign periodicals. Results. The world practice of social insurance shows that the greatest social effect is achieved with the three-channel formation of insurance funds at the expense of contributions of employees, employers and the state. This method of financing ensures joint responsibility of the participants for the prevention and compensation of risks, joint management and control of the funds. In case of compulsory social insurance, the distribution is considered the most reasonable, when the biggest part of financing falls on the employer – 50%, 20-40% – on the state and 10-30% – on the employee. Conclusion. Based on the analysis of international experience, we can conclude that the most effective and comprehensive social protection systems usually include the following main elements: state benefits, compulsory social insurance, funded pensions, social assistance. Since the success of fundamental and profound social reforms depends on the public recognition of their justice, the social policy pursued by the state should be based on modern and adequate social indicators and criteria that are adequate to the new economic principles. The latter determine the threshold values of indicators of social activity and social security. Crossing these borders is unacceptable, as it is fraught with negative social consequences that make further progress in the economic reform of society impossible.

A Clinical Case Report-Lekhana Basti and Kati Basti in Gridhrasi w.s.r Sciatica

Background: Gridhrasi is one of the most common disorders of Vata, which closely resembles with sciatica, which is characterized by pain or discomfort associated with sciatic nerve. The prevalence of sciatica varies considerably ranging from 3.8% in the working population to 7.9% in the nonworking population. Contemporary medicine has limitations giving short-term relief in pain or surgical intervention with side effect. Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study was to access the efficacy of Ayurvedic management including Shodhana and Shamana Chikitsa in Gridhrasi. Materials & methods: A male patient aged 43years who was already diagnosed with intervertebral disc prolapsed in L4-L5, correlated with Gridhrasi 3years approached to our hospital and was treated with Panchakarma treatment including Lekhana basti, Kati vasti, and virechana along with Shamana Chikitsa. The treatment was continued for consecutive one month. Results: Symptomatic assessment of patient was carried out after one month and satisfactory outcome was there and overall quality of life of patient was significantly improved. Conclusion: The aforementioned therapy gives symptomatic relief for the management of Gridhrasi.

МЕДИЦИНСКИЕ НАКОПИТЕЛЬНЫЕ СЧЕТА КАК ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЙ ИСТОЧНИК ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЯ ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ ГВИНЕЙСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКЕ

The paper analyzes the experience of using medical savings accounts (MSA) as a source of financing for healthcare in South Africa. The possibility and expediency of introducing a new breakthrough healthcare financing system of the Republic of Guinea based on the MSA is substantiated and proved. The principles of organizing the transition of citizens of the Republic of Guinea to the MSA are shown. A scheme for financing the health care of the Republic of Guinea based on the MSA has been developed. The simulation of the accumulation of financial resources on the MSA of working citizens of Guinea and the non-working population: children and pensioners has been carried out. It is proved that for all categories of citizens of the republic, the funds received and accumulated on their personal MSA will be enough to cover the costs of medical care at existing fixed rates.

Integrated effect of yoga and mindfulness meditation on pain, functional disability, and spinal flexibility in computer users with chronic low back pain: A prospective randomized active control trial

Introduction: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is two and a half times more prevalent in the working population than in nonworking population. The 1-year prevalence of low back pain (LBP) in working population ranges from 23% to 38%. However, the 1-year prevalence in computer professionals was found to be 31%–54%. Studies have demonstrated the vast mental and physiological health advantages associated with yoga. Objective: We planned to investigate the effect of yoga and mindfulness meditation in computer users with CLBP. Methods: Eighty computer users (42.6 ± 8.45 years of age; suffering from CLBP for 5.20 ± 3.01 years; 51 males and 29 females) were recruited from Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. Subjects were randomized into two groups; yoga and mindfulness meditation/YM group (n = 40) and physical exercise/PE group (n = 40). YM group practiced an integrated module comprising yoga practices and mindfulness meditation, while PE group practiced physical exercises designed for LBP (1 h per day, 3 days per week for 16 weeks). Assessments were done at baseline, after 8 weeks, and after 16 weeks. Results: Seventy-seven participants (39 in YM and 38 in PE) completed the study. Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) scores decreased significantly, and the Sit and Reach Test (SRT) scores improved significantly in both groups after intervention (p < 0.001). Between-group analyses demonstrated that there was a significant difference in ODI scores (YM = 7.28 ± 5.68, PE = 15.53 ± 8.13, P < 0.001), NRS scores (YM = 1.00 ± 0.89, PE = 1.82 ± 0.73, P < 0.001), and SRT scores (YM = 26.41 ± 5.03, PE = 22.82 ± 4.96, P = 0.002) between the YM group and PE group at 16 weeks, favoring the YM group. Conclusion: A 16-week yoga & mindfulness meditation program appeared to be effective in reducing pain and functional disability, and in improving spinal flexibility in computer users with CLBP.

Financing of the Program of state guarantees of free medical care: how to solve the deficit problem?

Introduction. The critical problem of Russian health care is the deficit of funding for the program of state-guaranteed medical care for citizens of Russia. Purpose of the study. To search for solutions to the problem of financing the deficit of the program of state guarantees of free medical care in the Russian Federation. Material and methods. Retrospective data analysis was carried out to analyse the reasons for the deficit in the financing of the program of state guarantees of free medical care and search for solutions in the experience of other countries. Results. The analysis showed that the reasons for the deficit of the program of state guarantees of free medical care are the shortcomings of the mandatory health insurance (MHI) income system: linking contributions for the working population to the wages fund; the vagueness of the definition of the non-working population and the payment of contributions for its MHI by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation; non-participation of the solvent population in the co-financing of medical care; deficit of economic integration between the payment of MHI treatment and the health care system; the absence of formalized mechanisms for reimbursing the expenses of the MHI system by the federal budget to pay for aid in catastrophic situations. Discussion. The authors see the solution to the problem of the deficit of the program of state guarantees of free medical care in the modernization of the MHI income system: replacement of the MHI contributions paid by employers with an additional “medical” part of the value-added tax; replacement of the MHI contributions paid by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for the non-working population with a targeted “medical” tax on retail sales; creation of a system of additional income based on the principle “the guilty person pays for causing harm to health”; recognition of the cost of medical care to the population in catastrophic situations as an unconditional obligation of the federal budget. Conclusion. a systemic solution to the problem of the financing deficit of the program of state guarantees of free medical care for the citizens of Russia seems to be the modernization of the MHI income system.

The delimitation of functional areas in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (Poland) concerning social, financial and economic as well as spatial and infrastructural criteria

The article presents current trends in delimiting an area by function and covers various research issues. The main goal of the work was achieved through the author’s method of delimiting functional areas in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, taking into account social, financial and economic, and spatial and infrastructural criteria. Among all 18 diagnostic features, the following indicators were the most useful: population density, net migration of permanent commune residents per 1000 population, non-working age population per 100 working-age, number of national economy entities on the REGON register per 1000 working-age population, number of dwellings per 1000 inhabitants, and proportion of commune agricultural land to total area. The starting point for creating a fixed classification for communes was the functional typology developed by J. Bański in 2009 at the special request of the Ministry of Regional Development. As a result of the delimitation, the following functional areas in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship were designated: urban (5), diversified urban (7), tourist and spa (2), tourism and recreation (7), agricultural and horticultural (4), agricultural production (22), semi-subsistent smallholdings (30) and multifunctional (25).

Epidemiological characterization of symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 cases and positivity in subsequent RT-PCR tests in the United Arab Emirates.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases could be symptomatic or asymptomatic. We (1) characterized and analyzed data collected from the first cohort of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 cases reported in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, according to the symptomatic state, and (2) identified factors associated with the symptomatic state. The association between the symptomatic state and testing positive in three subsequent RT-PCR testing rounds was also quantified. Between February 28 and April 8, 2020, 1,249 cases were reported. Sociodemographic characteristics, working status, travel history, and chronic comorbidities of 791 cases were analyzed according to the symptomatic state (symptomatic or asymptomatic). After the first confirmatory test, the results of three subsequent tests were analyzed. The mean age of the 791 cases was 35.6 ± 12.7 years (range: 1–81). Nearly 57.0% of cases were symptomatic. The two most frequent symptoms were fever (58.0%) and cough (41.0%). Symptomatic cases (mean age 36.3 ± 12.6 years) were significantly older than asymptomatic cases (mean age 34.5 ± 12.7 years). Compared with nonworking populations, working in public places (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 1.76, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.11–2.80), healthcare settings (aOR, 2.09, 95% CI: 1.01–4.31), or in the aviation and tourism sectors (aOR, 2.24, 95% CI: 1.14–4.40) was independently associated with the symptomatic state. Reporting at least one chronic comorbidity was also associated with symptomatic cases (aOR, 1.76, 95% CI: 1.03–3.01). Compared with asymptomatic cases, symptomatic cases had a prolonged duration of viral shedding and consistent odds of ≥2 positive COVID-19 tests result out of the three subsequent testing rounds. A substantial proportion of the diagnosed COVID-19 cases in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi were asymptomatic. Quarantining asymptomatic cases, implementing prevention measures, and raising awareness among populations working in high-risk settings are warranted.

Development and validation of a diabetes risk score among two populations

The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of a practical diabetes risk score amongst two heterogenous populations, a working population and a non-working population. Study population 1 (n = 2,089) participated in a large-scale screening program offered to retired workers to discover previously undetected/incipient chronic illness. Study population 2 (n = 3,293) was part of a Colorado worksite wellness program health risk assessment. We assessed the relationship between a continuous diabetes risk score at baseline and development of diabetes in the future using logistic regression. Receiver operating curves and sensitivity/specificity of the models were calculated. Across both study populations, we observed that participants with diabetes at follow-up had higher diabetes risk scores at baseline than participants who did not have diabetes at follow-up. On average, the odds ratio of developing diabetes in the future was 1.38 (95% CI: 1.26–1.50, p < 0.0001) for study population 1 and 1.68 (95% CI: 1.45–1.95, p-value < 0.0001) for study population 2. These findings indicate that the diabetes risk score may be generalizable to diverse individuals, and thus potentially a population level diabetes screening tool. Minimally-invasive diabetes risk scores can aid in the identification of sub-populations of individuals at risk for diabetes.

Tasks of Labor Rights under International Human Rights Law in the Era of the 4th Industrial Revolution : Focusing on the Issue of Increasing Non-working population

In the era of the 4th industrial revolution, the number of jobs could decrease. This situation is not without problems in terms of international human rights law. There is an ambiguous part of what is an appropriate state duty and the right of human when it comes to the job loss on a macro level. Of course, the number of jobs may not decrease. However, even if the number of jobs is maintained to some extent, the polarization of income and knowledge of science and technology may intensify. Economic inequality itself cannot be said to be a violation of human rights, but economic inequality can become a human rights issue if it causes human rights problems such as the right to health and education. On the other hand, even if the number of jobs does not decrease due to the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the number of decent jobs can be reduced. Apparently, the future society may not be captured in this way, and it will become a more complex reality. But what is certain is that the number of non-workers and the duration of non-working status will increase during the course of this change. Non-working conditions refer to various conditions that do not fall within the scope of traditional employment status. Under the current international human rights law, labor rights do not seem to reflect the non-worker’s issues. From this point of view, the future society not only causes human rights violations, but also changes the paradigm of labor rights itself and has the potential to change the basic premise or framework of human rights. There is a lack of research on how future social development directions will affect human rights. This study raises a problem in this area.

Dynamics of the Russian Pension System: Opportunities and Limitations (Methods of Processing and Analyzing the Development of the Pension System)

The relevance of the article is due to the need for radical changes in the Russian pension system, its adaptation to modern requirements of the economy, social conditions and individual needs of people, which became even more obvious in the era of the global economic crisis. The purpose of the research is to conduct a statistical study of the structure of pensioners and pension provision in Russia and to develop further opportunities for the dynamics of the pension system and systematize scientific and methodological approaches to using statistical methods to assess the state and development trends of thepension system in Russia. Such an analysis will allow forming a scientific and theoretical basis for making management decisions in the field of social policy. Materials and methods. The article used statistical methods and techniques for studying the development of the pension system as an information-supported element in making managerial decisions about the need and directions for its reform. The calculations were carried out using official statistics. Results. The analysis of the structure of pensioners and pensions carried out in the section showed an increase in the share of old-age pensioners and the number of pensioners receiving social supplements, with most of the burden falls on the federal budget, since the proportion of pensioners receiving federal supplements is growing. The article focuses on the need to attract statistical tools for in-depth and scientifically grounded study of the entire complexity and versatility of economic phenomena and processes inherent in the state pension system. Based on the results of the studies carried out, the main problems have been systematized: the uneven distribution by age of the population of Russia, and this unevenness increases over time; a decrease in the share of the working-age population since 2002, an increase in the aging rate and average age, changes in the median and modal intervals. It is substantiated that the identified trends predetermine the need to reform the pension system, taking into account the aging of the population, in view of the forecast of the dynamics of the indicators presented in the article. The following limitations of the development of the pension system are identified in the work: a decrease in indicative poverty indicators in the country, a decrease in economic inequality as a result of differentiation of incomes of working and non-working population, reduction and compensation of the impact of economic and demographic risks inherent in any society. An analysis of the reform of the Russian pension system led to the conclusion that initially it was mainly aimed at improving its financial balance and modifying the parameters of the existing system. Conclusion. The trends in the aging of the population, economic and family changes, as well as their impact on the economy and the labor market, shown in the article make us reconsider the paradigm of the existing pension system. The results obtained indicate the need to increase the funding of the pension system.

Village Level Food Insecurity Index and Regional Clustering in Muna District, Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

Based on FSVA 2015, Muna District is classified as a food insecure area with a priority level of vulnerability 3 which means it tends to be high as well as being ranked 190 according to the distribution of food insecure areas in Indonesia. This study aims to (1) Compile food insecurity index for each village in Muna District, (2) Classify villages based on regional characteristics in Muna District. Data were analyzed using principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results of the calculation of the food insecurity index showed there were 4 villages (2.6%) included in the food insecurity category (priority 1), 33 villages (21.7%) were classified as quite vulnerable (priority 2), 94 villages (61.8%) were included the category is quite resistant (priority 3), and 21 villages (13.8%) fall into the food security category (priority 4). Villages with food insecure status (priority 1) and moderately vulnerable (priority 2) mostly have low population welfare characteristics, a high ratio of non-working population, a high ratio of residents without clean water access, and a ratio of households with no waste facilities high bowel water. As a whole, Muna District tends to be food security, as seen from the number of villages in priority 3 and 4, which are greater than 50%.

Pensioners Versus Employees in Romania: A Regional Study

Romania may become overwhelmed by its ageing population in the future. One of the worrying issues is the falling support rate, which shows the relationship between the working population who is paying taxes and the nonworking population, aged 65 years or over (the pensioners). This paper has a regional focus, this ratio and some of the factors influencing it (fertility rate, immigration or life expectancy) being studied in different regions of Romania between 1996 to 2017. Forecasts by 2060 highlight that pensioners-employees ratio will increase over time if no legislative reforms are designed to increase the social security budget (and implicitly the pension system). The findings indicate that an increase in fertility rate and immigration will contribute to better support of pensioners. Since many people migrate to developed countries, Romania is not attracting immigrants to improve its labor force. Hence, a measure to redress the demographic decline and support the pensioners could be the increase in the rate of fertility, which could be sustained by the initiation and implementation of pronatalist policies, the increase in the economic status of the family. Among the results, it is also highlighted that an increase in life expectancy will deter the support because the ageing population will grow. As a result, it is necessary to explore and to implement measures to balance the country's social security budget having as target the old-age population.

The effect of public home-care expenditure on unpaid caring: differences between the over-50s in work and not in work

This study examines the relationship between public expenditure on professional home care and unpaid caring by the over-50s in Europe, and whether this relationship differs between working and non-working populations. We use Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe data from eight European countries merged with Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development data on home-care expenditure in 2004, 2007, 2011 and 2013. Using logistic regressions with fixed effects, our findings provide evidence that rising expenditure is associated with lower probabilities of (regular) unpaid caring by the over-50s, but only among those not in work. The consequences of the increasing emphasis on unpaid caring, especially combined with paid work, should be studied further.

Ayurvedic management of Gridhrasi with special respect to sciatica: a case report

Background: Gridhrasi is one of the most common disorders of Vata, which closely resembles with sciatica, which is characterized by pain or discomfort associated with sciatic nerve. The prevalence of sciatica varies considerably ranging from 3.8% in the working population to 7.9% in the nonworking population. Contemporary medicine has limitations giving short-term relief in pain or surgical intervention with side effect. Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study was to access the efficacy of Ayurvedic management including Shodhana and Shamana Chikitsa in Gridhrasi.Materials and Methods: It is a single case study. A 43-year-old man who was already diagnosed with intervertebral disc prolapsed in L4-L5, correlated with Gridhrasi of left leg since 7 months approached to Ayurvedic hospital and was treated with Panchakarma treatment including Dashmooladi niruha vasti, Kati vasti, and Patra panda pottali sweda along with Shamana Chikitsa. The treatment was continued for consecutive one month. Results: Symptomatic assessment of patient was carried out after one month and satisfactory outcome was there and overall quality of life of patient was significantly improved. Conclusion: The aforementioned therapy gives symptomatic relief for the management of Gridhrasi.

ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY OF LIFE OF RETIRED POPULATION

Quality of life (QoL) is a concept that characterizes the material and spiritual comfort of human existence. In the medical sense, the term is associated with health. In Kazakhstan, as in many other countries is happening a process of increasing of the part of population in retirement age. The objective of this study was to assess the QoL of retired population in Kazakhstan. Current data acquisition was realized by questionnaire respondents by SF-36 questionnaire. The survey covered 203 respondents. The study population was formulated by the method of random selection. Statistical analysis of data was performed using methods of variation statistics. All indicators of scales SF-36 were above average. General indicators: physical (PH) and mental (MH) well-being were assessed as not large less than average (42.6/43.2). The male population of the retirement age had better scores on all eight SF-36 scales compared to the female population. Indicators of QoL of working population were assessed higher than indicators of nonworking population. Also, it was found that presence of job positively influences to the QoL of retired population. KEY WORDS: Quality of life, SF-36 questionnaire, retired population, Kazakhstan. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.15181/atee.v1i0.1316

Ecological context of infant mortality in high-focus states of India.

OBJECTIVES:This goal of this study was to shed light on the ecological context as a potential determinant of the infant mortality rate in nine high-focus states in India.METHODS:Data from the Annual Health Survey (2010-2011), the Census of India (2011), and the District Level Household and Facility Survey 3 (2007-08) were used in this study. In multiple regression analysis explanatory variable such as underdevelopment is measured by the non-working population, and income inequality, quantified as the proportion of households in the bottom wealth quintile. While, the trickle-down effect of education is measured by female literacy, and investment in health, as reflected by neonatal care facilities in primary health centres.RESULTS:A high spatial autocorrelation of district infant mortality rates was observed, and ecological factors were found to have a significant impact on district infant mortality rates. The result also revealed that non-working population and income inequality were found to have a negative effect on the district infant mortality rate. Additionally, female literacy and new-born care facilities were found to have an inverse association with the infant mortality rate.CONCLUSIONS:Interventions at the community level can reduce district infant mortality rates.

Out of society? Retirement affects perceived social exclusion in Germany

Perceived social exclusion (PSE) depends on individual access to resources (e.g. income and social networks) and recognition of a social status. Working provides individuals with both resources and a social status. This situation leaves the non-working population at a severe social disadvantage, which might partly be remedied by retirement. We expected to find differential effects on PSE when individuals retire. For individuals working until retirement the transition might be mostly associated with a loss of resources (leading to an increase in PSE) and for individuals not working before retirement the transition might be more strongly associated with an increase in social status (leading to a decrease in PSE). We used longitudinal data from the German Panel Study of Labor Market and Social Security (PASS) to estimate fixed effects panel regression models for 790 men and women experiencing the transition to retirement (4110 observations). Models were estimated separately for retired persons who worked or did not work prior to retirement. At retirement those working prior to the transition reported lower levels of PSE than those not working. As expected retirement increased PSE for those previously working and for those not previously working retirement decreased PSE in the short term. Both effects remained stable after compensating for resource changes due to retirement. Retirement reduced the differences in PSE between previously working and non-working groups. For those previously working retirement seemed to depict a loss of social acceptance whereas for those previously not working retirement seemed to indicate a reduction of stigmatization. The previous effect of the labor market, however, continued to affect individuals in retirement for a long time.