Non-verbal Forms Research Articles

Editorial Commentary

Editorial Commentary

Developing multiple perspectives by eliding agreement: A conversation analysis of Open Dialogue reflections

Open Dialogue is an approach to working with mental health problems that emphasises promoting dialogue between multiple perspectives within an individual person and between all the people present, including the therapists. Therapists’ own perspectives are often introduced during conversations called reflections, which present a potential source of different perspectives. Using conversation analysis we analysed 14 hours of video-recorded Open Dialogue sessions with a focus on therapists’ reflections. We noticed that therapists did not display explicit agreement with each other’s reflections. This absence of explicit agreement was displayed through a variety of verbal and non-verbal forms. Eliding agreement facilitated deference to the epistemic authority of the client, assertion of epistemic rights from second position, emphasis of a positive perspective or to voice multiple perspectives. Therapists avoided consensus and thus presented multiple perspectives to the family while also attending to issues of contingency. The implications of epistemic primacy and asymmetry connected to sequential structures in talk pose a challenge to the generation of collaborative reflective dialogues.

Dance in West Africa: Analysis and Description in Relation to Aspects of Communication Theory, Ulrike Groß

Reviewed by: Dance in West Africa: Analysis and Description in Relation to Aspects of Communication Theory by Ulrike Groß Dana Vanderburgh BOOK REVIEW of Groß, Ulrike. 2020. Dance in West Africa: Analysis and Description in Relation to Aspects of Communication Theory. Münster: Waxmann. 176 pp. €29.90 (paper). Dance in West Africa: Analysis and Description in Relation to Aspects of Communication Theory seeks to “make a narrative of dance and derive a context of movement and movement sequences” (10) through an analysis of the Adzogbo dance from the Ewe people of southern Ghana. Grounding her research within a genealogy of dance scholarship and communication theories, Ulrike Groß contributes to the growing literature on how dance is a mechanism for nonverbal communication. While she does an excellent job showing how dance is “a unique form of communication and of equal purpose [to spoken language]” (44), her reliance on structural communication theories and pictographic notations of an individual body does not allow for investigating how Adzogbo communicates to participants in the dance event (see Royce 1977). Reducing each section of the dance to a series of still frames and singular textual summary sentences, Groß reinforces a Saussurean interpretation, wherein collective meaning is seen to derive from individual steps that are made into larger sequences following structural rules (Saussure [1915] 1966). What is therefore lost in Groß’s analysis is the holistic bodily experience of dance, including “senses of balance, kinaesthesia,1 and affects such as pleasure, pain, and other generalized ‘feelings in the body’” (Potter 2008, 445), which many scholars have shown to be crucial elements of the communicative power of dance for dancers and audiences alike. One of Groß’s strengths is her ability to trace the parallel developments of the study of dance and the study of language in relation to the concept of nonverbal communication. She does so through a careful layout of sections that, while focusing on theories of dance and communication, provide succinct summaries of relevant theoretical work, revealing ways in which both fields have sought to address questions of nonverbal versus verbal forms of communication. It may have been more beneficial to place the corresponding chapters—chapter 3 and chapters 7–8—in closer proximity to each other, but Groß demonstrates the ways in which various research trajectories in dance and communication have been investigating similar questions and should be studied together. The ability to demonstrate the commonalities between theories of dance and communication studies supports Groß’s integrative approach. Similarly, after detailing the definitions of dance present within dance scholarship in chapter 2, Groß arrives [End Page 151] at a compelling one: while acknowledging the impossibility of fully defining dance, she says it “is a special form of corporal ‘doing,’ a universal, and yet culturally-specific expression, and a predominantly social act” (15). The idea of dance as “corporal doing” is particularly intriguing as a point of departure for future inquiry. All this theoretical work is complemented by three sections (chaps. 4–6) that provide a general ethnographic overview of the Ewe people of Ghana. Particular attention is paid to the role of religion in Ewe society and the ways in which missionary activity has affected Ewe dance. By coupling detailed ethnographic and historical detail with theories of dance and communication, Groß avoids the common tendency to essentialize African peoples and dance forms—which tends to reduce traditional African dance to a static cultural artifact that can be observed and commodified (Bizas 2014, 77), instead of a dynamic communicative practice. The latter view can contribute to better understandings of individual and collective forms of nonverbal communication. Groß presents a strong theoretical background in dance scholarship and communication theory, but her work does not acknowledge the current shift toward examining the intangible and affective aspects of communication that occur through dance (Biehl and Volkmann 2019; Bunker, Pakes, and Rowell 2013; Hanna 2015; LaMothe 2015; Reed 1998; Sheets-Johnstone 1999, 2011, 2012, 2018). This is reflected in her bibliographic sources, which almost exclusively draw on dance scholarship conducted before the mid-1990s. She acknowledges that “dance motion and motion in general are ephemeral,” but this does not carry over into her analysis. Part of her inability...

STRATEGI RETORIKA PEMBAWA ACARA DALAM MATA NAJWA DI TRANS7

This study aims to interpret the function of verbal and nonverbal rhetorical forms of presenters in Mata Najwa on Trans7 as a rhetorical strategy. The design and type of this research used descriptive qualitative. The research was conducted comprehensively which refers to the analysis of verbal and nonverbal rhetorical forms. Data collection techniques used recording techniques, listening techniques, and note-taking techniques. Meanwhile, the data analysis in this study was to classify the data and classify the data. To test the validity of the data, the researchers used several stages, namely credibility testing, transferability testing, depenability testing, and confirmability testing. The results of this study found that the use of verbal (diction and style) and nonverbal (body language) rhetoric from Najwa Shihab's speech contained many persuasive elements. From the persuasive element, it was used as a strategy for the presenter in Mata Najwa on Trans7.Based on the results and discussion of verbal and nonverbal rhetoric in the Mata Najwa program on Trans7, various verb elements were selected which functioned to expedite the process of the presenter's strategy in influencing listeners. Therefore, an art in communicating is absolutely necessary for a presenter in conveying messages through the rhetoric of verbal forms of speech and rhetoric of speech in nonverbal forms.

INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES IN THE LISTENING PROCESS DURING THE COVID 19 PANDEMIC (DEPOK CITY RESIDENTS)

Good communication is needed in conveying messages, one of which is interpersonal communication or what is called interpersonal communication (interpersonal). This is done by individuals to exchange ideas or thoughts in other words to hear what is being said. Interpersonal communication can be done in verbal and nonverbal forms, not only about what is said and what is received. But how it is said, in the body language used, and the facial expressions that are given. This is very much needed during the Covid 19 pandemic, so that residents of Depok City can be given messages directly on their understanding of Covid 19.. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe interpersonal communication strategies in the listening process to Depok residents during the Covid 19 pandemic. The research method used was through observation and in-depth interviews with the Task Force. The results of the research by residents of Depok City understand and want to carry out what the Depok government hopes are by obeying what was done and not done during the Covid 19 pandemic. In addition, the participation of the community takes part in overcoming the problems that befell the Indonesian nation, especially the citizens of Depok City.

Digital humanities as a cross‐disciplinary battleground: An examination of inscriptions in journal publications

AbstractInscriptions are defined as traces of scientific research production that are embodied in material artifacts and media, which encompass a wide variety of nonverbal forms such as graphs, diagrams, and tables. Inscription serves as a fundamental rhetorical device in research outputs and practices. As many inscriptions are deeply rooted in a scientific research paradigm, they can be used to evaluate the level of scientificity of a scientific field. This is specifically helpful to understand the relationships between research traditions in digital humanities (DH), a highly cross‐disciplinary between various humanities and scientific traditions. This paper presents a quantitative, community‐focused examination of how inscriptions are used in English‐language research articles in DH journals. We randomly selected 252 articles published between 2011 and 2020 from a representative DH journal list, and manually classified the inscriptions and author domains in these publications. We found that inscriptions have been increasingly used during the past decade, and their uses are more intensive in publications led by STEM authors comparing to other domains. This study offers a timely survey of the disciplinary landscape of DH from the perspective of inscriptions and sheds light on how different research approaches collaborate and combat in the field of DH.

An exploratory empirical examination on the social hypothesis of contagious yawning

<p indent="0mm">Seeing other people yawning, we may also yawn accordingly. This phenomenon was known as contagious yawning, which could be widely observed in humans and was also documented in some social species like chimpanzees and bonobos. While contagious yawning has attracted the attention of many researchers, the function that contagious yawning might serve is still unclear. The social hypothesis of yawning proposed that, as a non-verbal form of communication, yawning synchronized the behavior of a group as well as communicating messages that group members could share. For example, when predators approach, baboons would yawn, which was hypothesized as sending a signal of danger. However, the hypothesis was seldom empirically examined. In the current study, we aimed to examine this hypothesis by exploring the influence of psychological stress on contagious yawning. Psychological stress is intimately related to the threatening environment, which implies that it might increase contagious yawning if yawning was evolved to communicate threatening messages. Accordingly, the heart rate variability (HRV) and theory of mind (ToM) might regulate the above effect, considering that HRV is a physiological signal related to threat perception, and ToM serves as a basis of social understanding. To examine the hypotheses, we recruited 60 college students and divided them evenly into two groups—The experimental group and the control group. For the experimental group, participants were asked to take part in the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), which was used to arouse psychological stress. Then their contagious yawning was measured with two indicators: The impulse to yawn and the frequency of yawning (recorded by the camera) after seeing yawning videos clips. Moreover, we recorded participants’ HRV with BioPac MP150 (Biopac Systems Inc, USA) and measured their ToM with Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test. For the control group, measures and procedures were mostly the same as the TSST, but were far less demanding for participants. Besides, since sleep quality and sleepiness were related to yawning, they were included as confounding variables, and which were measured respectively with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and with the Stanford Sleepiness Scale. The results showed that, compared with those from the control group, participants in the experimental group showed more intense yawning impulse and yawning frequency. Also, as predicted the HRV and ToM did moderate the effects. Specifically, participants with high HRV showed less contagious yawning compared to those with low HRV; participants with high ToM showed more contagious yawning compared to those with low ToM. These findings provided empirical support for the social hypothesis of yawning. In evolution, contagious yawning might serve a survival function by alerting conspecifics to potential threats in the environment. Though this survival function of contagious yawning probably is no longer involved in everyday life of modern humans, contagious yawning itself has survived the flood of time along with other similar phenomena like behavioral mimicry and emotional contagion, probably all thanks to the mirror neuron system which remains significance with evolution by enabling human learning generally.

Therapist art making as a means of helping service users with anxiety problems

ABSTRACT Background Therapist art making in individual sessions with adult service users has received little attention in the art therapy literature. Similarly, art therapy’s efficacy with anxiety problems has not been established. Context NHS Criminal Justice Community Mental Health Team, long term weekly individual art therapy. Outcomes Service User reported marked reduction in anxiety, CJCMHT observed significant reduction in anxiety and increased social functioning leading to discharge from forensic services. Conclusions Therapist art making helped reduce anxiety by increasing trust. The ambiguity of the artwork challenged black and white ways of relating to self and others. Therapist artmaking functioned as a non-verbal form of psychoeducation. Three styles of therapist art making can be described, all of which are characterised by improvisation: Alongside the Service User; Jointly with the Service User; Under the gaze of the Service User. Implications for research Art making can be helpful in 1:1 therapy with adult service users because it magnifies the art therapist’s ostensive (i.e. non-verbal) communications and increases trust. Making art alongside service users provides a unique way to engage with complex psychological and interpersonal material. It is the ambiguity of therapist artwork that seems particularly helpful, and it should be considered as a promising way to address black and white thinking in common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. Plain-language summary This paper describes the benefits of therapist art making in individual sessions with an adult user of mental health services. Lived Experience feedback is used to show how therapist art making helped reduce severe anxiety and improve social functioning. The paper describes the clinical reasoning for three art-based interventions; how they built and maintained trust, meaning and hope for both therapist and Lived Experience Author. The paper suggests that the ambiguity of therapist artwork can be thought about in terms of the presenting problem, particularly to reframe black and white ways of relating to self and others.

Lessons learnt from group work during COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT This reflective essay seeks to detail lessons learnt from conducting group work for migrant workers with COVID-19. In response to rapidly emerging psychosocial needs, Medical Social Workers (MSWs) from Tan Tock Seng Hospital conceptualised and facilitated activities targeted at improving the workers’ psychosocial well-being. The need for response to rapidly evolving psychosocial needs meant limited time for systematic needs assessment and evaluation of activities. Activities encouraging non-verbal forms of expression were useful in overcoming language barriers and adoption of the participatory paradigm for ongoing assessment and evaluation of the activities helps create a more culturally appropriate intervention for this vulnerable population.

Obstacles Faced by College Students in Solving Probability Word Problems

There are many difficulties that can be identified when students solve mathematic problems especially in solving probability word problems. This study was conducted to identify the major obstacles faced by matriculation college students while solving the probability of an event word problems. Seven college students were the sample for this case study. Clinical interviews are used as a data collection. This data collection technique was selected based on the researcher’s observation on the participants as they answered the probability word problem task. The task was given during the interview session. Semi structured interviews are used to obtain in depth information. Think-aloud analysis involves observations leading to individual behaviours in the oral or nonverbal form of participants and the researcher’s field notes. Participants were found to have difficulty interpreting probabilities. There are three categories of difficulties that have been identified, namely not knowing the meaning of the word, not knowing the nature of the probability and not being able to identify the goal of the probability word problem.

Komunikacja niewerbalna w mediacjach

In Poland there is no system or comprehensive approach to the issue of using non-verbal communication in mediation. Usually, the matter ends with a description of some forms of body language. A lack of knowledge and skills in the scope of non-verbal communication has a negative impact on the mediation practice. The aim of this paper is to present a structured compilation of non-verbal forms and signals which can be applied in mediation. Furthermore, mediators’ skills in this scope were underlined. The analytical-functional method was used herein. An attempt was made to look at the matters related to using non-verbal communication in mediation from the theoretical and practical perspective. Due to the limited frameworks of the paper, the most significant and dominant non-verbal signals in mediation were selected for presentation. Firstly, the essence of non-verbal communication was addressed. Then, the principles of reading body language were presented. Next, signals occurring in non-verbal communication were discussed. Their role in communication and issues related to reading them properly were underlined. The paper ends with conclusions drawn from the conducted analysis.

РАДОСТЬ БОЛЕЛЬЩИКОВ В СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ СЕТЯХ: ВЕРБАЛЬНЫЕ, ПАРАВЕРБАЛЬНЫЕ И НЕВЕРБАЛЬНЫЕ СРЕДСТВА ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ

The article explores the text data of the Internet-comments published on social networks by fans to celebrate the victory of their favorite sportsmen. The aim of the publication is to analyze verbal, paraverbal and nonverbal forms of emotion expression in two groups of fans: those who are keen on sports profiling typically masculine properties (strength, audacity, endurance), and, on the contrary, those who are passionate about the sport performance featuring feminine characteristics (grace, beauty, flexibility). The conducted comparative analysis gives evidence about the presence of a number of specific features due to the effect of gender factor. However, this factor largely correlates with other variables, such as linguacultural patterns, the nature of the sport itself (team sport vs individual sport).

Representation of the toxic image of politicians in the media space of the USA, Great Britain and Ukraine

The article attempts to define culturally specific features of the representation of the toxic image of politicians in the media space of the United States, Great Britain and Ukraine. The object of research are media discourses of the United States, Great Britain and Ukraine; the subject of analysis are culturally specific (verbal, nonverbal, extralingual) forms of expressing toxicity as components of the image of modern American, British and Ukrainian politicians. Toxic image means such an emotionally colored image of a politician in the media, whose behavior and statements are aimed at discriminating against the addressee and are the result of the perception of such a politician usually by members of the opposite socio-political group. Verbal forms of expressing toxicity (verbal toxins) include racist, nationalist, xenophobic, sexist and other discriminatory (divisive) statements that degrade the personality of a political opponent and cause him or her psychological harm and/or damage their image. Non-verbal forms of expressing toxicity are divided into prosodic and gesturalmimic forms, which include aggressive, caustic, humiliatingly paternalistic, snobbish tone of speech, gestures that violate the personal boundaries of the interlocutor, exaggerated facial expressions. Extralingual forms include colors, symbols, clothing, location, selection of music, etc., which exacerbate the damaging effect of the actions/statements of a politician who is labelled as toxic in the media. Culturally specific features of the representation of the toxic image of modern American, British and Ukrainian politicians are determined by the relevant information agendas for each of the countries: the electoral struggle of Trump vs. Biden (USA), withdrawal from the European Union (Great Britain), fight against corruption (Ukraine). Common to the three discourses is the aggressive-emotional type of toxic politicians, whose speeches are characterized as causing psychological harm to the opponent through direct insult, the use of impulsive movements of hands, head, body, exaggerated facial expressions and a tendency to dramatization.

РАДОСТЬ БОЛЕЛЬЩИКОВ В СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ СЕТЯХ: ВЕРБАЛЬНЫЕ, ПАРАВЕРБАЛЬНЫЕ И НЕВЕРБАЛЬНЫЕ СРЕДСТВА ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ

The article explores the text data of the Internet-comments published on social networks by fans to celebrate the victory of their favorite sportsmen. The aim of the publication is to analyze verbal, paraverbal and nonverbal forms of emotion expression in two groups of fans: those who are keen on sports profiling typically masculine properties (strength, audacity, endurance), and, on the contrary, those who are passionate about the sport performance featuring feminine characteristics (grace, beauty, flexibility). The conducted comparative analysis gives evidence about the presence of a number of specific features due to the effect of gender factor. However, this factor largely correlates with other variables, such as linguacultural patterns, the nature of the sport itself (team sport vs individual sport).

Language of Reality and Reality of Language in Francis Bacon’s Philosophy

The most important of Francis Bacon’s argument against Aristotelian syllogistic logic as a main method of investigation was his doctrine of Idols, closely connected to the contemporary Anglican theological views on imperfect human nature. In his criticism of the first notion of human mind, based on mistaken abstraction, Bacon separated “ars inveniendi”, “ars judicandi” and “ars tradendi” and argued for a new nonverbal form of communication, based on “real characters”. Bacon's conventional concept of the universal language, strongly influenced by Aristotle, was not realized by the philosopher himself, but it was of great popularity in both European rationalism and British empiricism in the middle – second half of the 17th century.

Portrait and landscape in Boris Zaitsev’s publicistic writings: style and ethos

The article represents genre-style etymology of Boris Konstantinovich Zaitsev (1881-1972) publicistic legacy (that includes essays, profiles and critical notes). Style-forming expressions of this outstanding representative of 20th century Russian literary abroad are analyzed within the context of his ethical and philosophical principles. Zaitsev’s portrait and landscape sketches are considered for the first time as figurative-poetic and genre-compositional components of the artist's “visual palette”. One of the effective methods of comprehending the style and ethos of the writer is the disclosure of multi-genre subtexts that reflects the creative worldview of B. Zaitsev, in which aesthetics is closely intertwined with metaphysics, and this, in turn, determines the adjacent disciplinary tools for the study of “literary painting”, actualizes parallels with non-verbal art forms (painting, music). The intertextual phenomenology of B. Zaitsev's publicistic texts is not limited to the artful, masterly and technical depiction. The nature of refined subject-figurative “painting”, as follows from the analysis, is based on the spiritual contemplation of the writer and reflects a rare for the art of the 20th century harmony of the artistic and transcendent.

Listening to the Archaic in the Adult

Abstract Certain early experiences of a traumatic nature have not been subjected to the conventionally described processes of “après-coup” reorganization because of the defence mechanisms implemented against the traumatic threat they harbour. Using vignettes from different sessions, I study the process by which these early experiences merge with transference during treatment, thus offering the opportunity for a first form of après-coup and therefore becoming secondarily elaborable. This occurs provided that the analyst is sensitive to the non-verbal forms of returning archaic experiences. I will then describe the nonverbal forms of returning archaic experiences using various clinical examples.

Semiotic Signs and Kui Performing Interpretation in the Paradigm of the National Concepts of Kazakh Music Pedagogy

The content of music education and upbringing oriented towards the national music tradition belongs to the basic laws of modern music education. These are objective reasons that characterize the essential connection between social and musical phenomena or processes, without which one cannot effectively implement music education and upbringing. This article is dedicated to the study of a special style of playing stringed instruments in the performance of kuis, Kazakh instrumental musical compositions. The interpretation of archetypal ethnical texts evoked an organic syncresis of music with an ancient sign language, including a separate aspect associated with the specifics of non-verbal forms of artistic communication. The essence of the sign language of Kazakh kuis, its meaning and the limits to its applicability are not fully disclosed. They require considering many issues related to the semantic nature of gestures. The present study is based on the exploration of performing Kazakh kuis with stressing on gestures as semiotic structures on these ethnical Kazakh compositions. The authors adhere to the principle that musical language is a synergy of word (text), music and its performing (gestures). The study used comparative-historical, theoretical, and historical-typological methods.

Verbal and Nonverbal Text Forms of Public Service Advertisements in the Regional Government of Bone Regency

This study aims to analyze the form of verbal and nonverbal texts in public service advertisements in the Regional Government of Bone Regency using the semiotics of CS Peirce. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The data is sourced from text in the PSA of the Regional Government of Bone. The data collection procedures used in this study are recording and note taking techniques. The results showed that the verbal form of PSA Local Government uses the meaning of denotation and connotation, Bugis philosophical expressions. The nonverbal text forms are dominated by the photo of the head of Regional Government, because the photo has perfect representation ability, compared to other nonverbal elements. Photos of the Bone regent and deputy regent of Bone are as icons and the logo of the local government of Bone is as a symbol. The traditional clothing that is used and the traditional house that is the setting for PSA are as indexes.

ЛЕКСИКО-СЕМАНТИЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ІДІОСТИЛЮ ДЕНА БРАУНА (НА МАТЕРІАЛІ НОМІНАТИВНОГО ПРОСТОРУ СФЕРИ МИСТЕЦТВА)

The article is a study of linguo-stylistic devices characteristic of the description of notions related to the field of art in Dan Brown’s idiostyle. In our research we systematized a number of theoretical views on the idiostyle as a whole system and its individual aspects related to the concepts of "linguistic personality", represented in verbal and non-verbal forms. In the paper the idiostyle is defined as a holistic system of visual aids that structures and represents individual knowledge about the world as well as reflects the national specificity of the world perception. In examining the linguistic grounds of the study of the author’s idiostyle, it is found out that idiostyle is a special component of the stylistic system of the language of a literary text, which consists of a set of linguistic and expressive means that perform an aesthetic function and distinguish the writer’s language. The paper points out that the nominative field in Dan Brown’s idiostyle represented in Robert Langdon book series is a complex structurally meaningful, multidimensional verbalized formation that is also rated as a verbal embodiment of the author’s creative potential. Despite being based on the standard lexicon of the linguistic society, Dan Brown’s thesaurus still has its differences. First of all, it is significantly influenced by the linguistic preferences and habits of the author, as well as genre-thematic and ideological originality. In addition, a number of extralingual factors prove to be an important component of the writer’s nominative field, namely: the presence of a technological component and informativeness of works, geographical environment, mystery, anthropocentrism, communication with the reader and inocultural environment. All these factors affect the choice and use of thematic lexical units and certain stylistic devices with the purpose to intensify the text’s communicative-and-pragmatic effect on the recipient. As a result, the analyzed works consist of the following stylistic elements: toponyms, chromatonyms, anthroponyms, terms, realia, as well as metaphors and similes.