Non-verbal Forms Research Articles

Communicative Function of Nonverbal Cues in Hausa Prose Fiction

Fictional writing is goal oriented and those goals can only be achieved through effective communication. In literary communication, the text is the foundation upon which the writer establishes or rather constructs meaning. But, meaning can only be achieved through the skilful use of verbal and nonverbal forms of communication as shown by many scholars (Knapp, Hall & Horgan 2014), (Kendon 1990), (Band ull 2012). Therefore, the use of gestures, postures touch, time, space and distance to define characters and what they do is essential in any fictional writing. This paper studies the communicative impact of nonverbal signals in Hausa prose fiction, with data drawn from the novel Mafarkin Khadija. The data was interpreted based on context. The study shows the ubiquitous nature of nonverbal signals in meaning-making, establishing the fact that, the significance of communication is not in words alone, but rather, in the overall process through the use of verbal and nonverbal repertoire.

EMOTIONAL CAUSATION

This article describes the expression of causation based on feelings. It substantiated specific types of causation, the formation of emotional causality and its integral connection with the field of psycholinguistics. In the course of studying this process, the views of philosophers and linguists were analyzed. When studying emotional causality, it was found that in this situation, as a result of an accidental or intentional effect of the causator on the causant, the mental state of the referents changes, emotional causality is based on three main factors - cause, effect and mental state. It is proved that the expression of existing concepts arises with emotional causative elements in verbal and non-verbal form. Based on this article, for the first time in Uzbek linguistics, the study of the issue of emotive causality is put on the agenda.

Demoralization narrative: Foul language of community figures

This study in addition to describing the speech-language in the communication process of community figures will also explain what the meaning behind the speech is. This study is descriptive and qualitative by using the netnography method. Data collection in this study was carried out through a reading process on 500 YouTube videos, using the search keywords "sexual harassment" and "sexual violence". The data in this study are in the form of classifications of speech used by community leaders in the form of text excerpts. This study shows that the speech used by community figures in the communication process does not contain a few dictions that are sexual harassment in verbal and non-verbal forms, such as written, spoken, gesture, touch, and symbolically. The speech used also contains critical and evaluative meanings that reflect the morality of a community figure in the communication process.

Art therapy as a comprehensive complementary treatment for Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease. Complementary and alternative therapies are increasingly utilized to address its complex multisystem symptomatology. Art therapy involves motoric action and visuospatial processing while promoting broad biopsychosocial wellness. The process involves hedonic absorption, which provides an escape from otherwise persistent and cumulative PD symptoms, refreshing internal resources. It involves the expression in nonverbal form of multilayered psychological and somatic phenomena; once these are externalized in a symbolic arts medium, they can be explored, understood, integrated, and reorganized through verbal dialogue, effecting relief and positive change. 42 participants with mild to moderate PD were treated with 20 sessions of group art therapy. They were assessed before and after therapy with a novel arts-based instrument developed to match the treatment modality for maximum sensitivity. The House-Tree-Person PD Scale (HTP-PDS) assesses motoric and visuospatial processing-core PD symptoms-as well as cognition (thought and logic), affect/mood, motivation, self (including body-image, self-image, and self- efficacy), interpersonal functioning, creativity, and overall level of functioning. It was hypothesized that art therapy will ameliorate core PD symptoms and that this will correlate with improvements in all other variables. HTP-PDS scores across all symptoms and variables improved significantly, though causality among variables was indeterminate. Art therapy is a clinically efficacious complementary treatment for PD. Further research is warranted to disentangle causal pathways among the aforementioned variables, and additionally, to isolate and examine the multiple, discrete healing mechanisms believed to operate simultaneously in art therapy.

Sexual harassment as experienced by nurses from selected healthcare facilities in Ghana

BackgroundWorkplace Sexual Harassment (WSH) remains a major occupational health hazard to many nurses globally. Despite the negative impact of WSH on health and safety of nurses, there are limited studies exploring sexual harassment experiences of nurses in the line of duty in Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) including Ghana.AimThis study aimed at exploring the lived sexual harassment experiences among nurses working in healthcare facilities in the Central Region of Ghana.MethodThis study used a qualitative interpretive phenomenological approach (IPA). Data from 24 participants, 13 participants’ written descriptive narratives of sexual harassment experiences (via online) and 11 telephone interviews were analysed concurrently using the IPA.ResultsParticipants experienced verbal, non-verbal and physical forms of sexual harassment, often perpetrated by physicians, colleague workers, and patients. Most victims reacted passively to the acts sexual harassment and cases are often not reported despite the negative impact on victims’ health. While some participants dealt with sexual harassment by accepting the behaviour as an inevitable part of their job, others either quit or intend to quit the job to avoid the harassers. Most participants are unaware of any workplace measure such as policy that addresses sexual harassment in the health sector in Ghana.ConclusionThis study highlights the problems of sexual harassment against nurses in the healthcare sector in Ghana, and calls for urgent development of measures such as a sexual harassment policy to prevent occurrence and promote effective resolution of sexual harassment within the healthcare sector in the country. Sexual harassment against nurses could be hampering quality healthcare delivery in the region.

Sexual Harassment in Cyberspace in the Perspective of Islamic Criminal Law and National Law

Sexual harassment in verbal and non-verbal forms has become increasingly prevalent globally. This study revealed cases of sexual harassment in cyberspace in accordance with National Law regulations in Indonesia on immortality, such as the Criminal Code and Law Number 4 of 2008 concerning Pornography and Law Number 13 Of 2006 on Legal Protection of Witnesses and Victims. Meanwhile, in the Islamic legal order, sexual harassment in cyberspace is seen in the discussion of the Jinayah Fiqh, classified as jarimah takzir and contains elements of abomination or insulting acts. The legal protection for victims of sexual harassment in Islamic law is in the form of imposing sanctions on perpetrators, which the government determines following the magnitude of their crime. The hope of strengthening immoral punishment has become necessary for Indonesia by considering the spirit and value embodied in Islamic criminal law.

GESTURE HANDLER

Hand gestures are a natural way of interactions when one person communicates with each other and therefore hand movements can be treated as a nonverbal form of communication. Hand gesture recognition is a process of understanding and classifying meaningful human hands movements. Gesture recognition was supposed to develop a new type of Human Computer Interaction system that would overcome the problems that users face with the current system. The algorithm that is being described in this technology is not based on background image subtraction and is not programmed for a specific hand type the algorithm used can process different hand types, recognizes no. of fingers, and can carry out tasks as per requirement or as described in the algorithm.

Non-verbal Communication as an Indicator of the Cultural and National Specificity of a Literary Text

The article is a description of the stylistic function of various means of non-verbal communication in literary texts. The authors objectify the idea that the mutual understanding of representatives of different ethnic groups involves both the acquisition of languages ​​and the awareness of cultural national codes that inform about native speakers and about the special ways of intercultural communication that are available. The scientific and practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the identification of national and cultural stereotypes of the mentality of ethnic groups in the modern globalized space is a socio-political, economic, psychological and historical factor in the formation of a nation as a linguistic community. The research methodology is based on a comparative analysis of Kazakh, Russian and non-linguistic forms of communication, the identification of full, partial equivalents in the compared languages ​​and the analysis of non-equivalent gestures, facial expressions, signs of non-verbal communication. The value of the study is determined by the understanding that non-verbal forms of communication capture and reflect the social and cultural experience of the linguocultural community, are reflected both in the universal, common for all mankind, and in the unique, national-cultural, picture of the world, characterize the common and peripheral core, reflecting the national and cultural specifics of the Kazakh and Russian philosophical worldview and showing a unique perception of the surrounding reality. The practical significance of the results of the work is determined by the possibility of introducing this material into the teaching of disciplines of postgraduate education (master's and doctoral studies), which are associated with cognitive, intercultural, linguoculturological aspects of language learning: «Ethnolinguoculturology», «Russian language and intercultural communication», «Theory and practice of intercultural communication».

Infant Communication: A New Understanding

From the perspective of communication theory, this paper summarizes two common types of communication: verbal and non-verbal forms, and explains the relationship between nonverbal communication and nonlinguistic communication, followed by a discussion of the definition of verbal communication, physiological mechanisms, acquisition theory and stages of development during infancy, as well as definition and theory of non-verbal communication, and common types during infancy. At the same time, from the perspective of influence on infants, the multimodal forms composed of the attributes of verbal and non-verbal forms and the related factors surrounding infants are discussed, which include the interplay of verbal and non-verbal interactions and the integration between different types of non-verbal behavior, as well as the physiological and environmental factors that influence infants' communication development. Finally, the complexity and importance of communication development in infants are summarized and propose a referable development direction for more in-depth research into the use of science for properties that are only theoretical.

Design Challenges in Effective Algorithm Development of Sign Language Recognition System

Sign language is the most putative language among hearing impaired people. They use non-verbal form of communication that involves hand gestures, head or body movement or facial expressions. Of these hand gestures is more widely used. Automatic Sign Language Recognition (ASLR) System can be used to convert these non-verbal signs into text or sound so that normal people can identify them without learning the sign language. ASLR employs Image Processing and Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms for effective conversion from sign to sound or text. This review unveils various image processing and AI steps involved in the conversion process, bringing out important topologies in the Image acquisition, segmentation, feature extraction, classification and detection process and a comparative analysis among various topologies. Attempts have been made to shed light into adoption of alternate design strategies in segmentation and feature extraction that enhance the performance in a complex environment.

Sign Language Translator and Teaching System

Abstract: Sign Language is a non-verbal form of communication that is used to interact with the specially abled. These people have communication barriers when it comes to daily interactions with others who don’t understand sign language. Technological advancements and progress in Machine Learning algorithms have made gesture recognition possible. Sign language is one of the oldest and most natural forms of language for communication, but since most people do not know sign language and interpreters are very difficult to come by, we have come up with a real-time method using neural networks for fingerspelling based on American sign language. In our method, the hand is first passed through a filter and after the filter is applied, the hand is passed through a CNN module which predicts the class of the hand gestures. This literature survey analyses studies based on sign language translator and teaching applications. Conclusions drawn from this literature review could help in creating the perfect application that can make daily communication easy for the specially aided. We plan on providing two modules, one wherein the sign language gestures are converted into text and displayed. The second module is made wherein the text entered is converted into sign language and displayed on the User interface.

Coworker abuse in healthcare: voices of mistreated workers

PurposeThe appalling abuse healthcare workers have endured from patients is long documented in the popular press and social media. Less explored in the healthcare management literature is workplace abuse that professional nurses experience from their coworkers.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use text-based first-hand accounts from nurses posting on Reddit (N = 75) to better understand the types and context of abusive acts endured by their coworkers in the contemporary healthcare setting. Each account is content analyzed using two raters, and thematic analysis is utilized to summarize findings.FindingsFindings indicate that nurse workplace abuse frequently targets new entrants to a work unit (e.g. recent grads), typically is ongoing, takes verbal and nonverbal forms, mainly stems from coworkers (i.e. lateral mistreatment), and frequently takes place in front of other coworkers, mainly in hospital settings.Practical implicationsBy applying the lens of mindfulness, healthcare organizations can transform these harmful interactions within the nursing profession. The authors offer administrators and frontline workers practical implications for mitigating workplace abuse, including reshaping the culture, bystander interventions and explicit leadership support.Originality/valueFirst-hand accounts from nurses in the frontlines of healthcare provide a rich voice that reveals the reality of ongoing verbal and nonverbal peer abuse in hospitals and healthcare settings.

Contingency and Multimodal Communication in the Learning Environment

From a Vygotskian (1997) theoretical perspective, teachers and learners, of necessity, need to listen and respond to one another in a meaningful way, which, significantly, entails some form of role reversal (i.e., student as teacher and teacher as student). van Lier (1996) furthered this approach in relation to second language (L2) classroom environments, emphasizing the need for conversational symmetry between students and teacher so that participation by all includes contributing individual and collective thoughts and experiences in relation to the content of a lesson, or ‘contingent interaction’, which van Lier also based on a similar approach: Instructional Conversation. Furthermore, van Lier linked his perspective to Vygotsky’s (1987) central premise that language (signs) constitutes the primary mediational tool with which we navigate ourselves and the world, which includes not only meaning (znachenie) but sense (smysl), and as applied in the case of the current study to L2 immigrant children growing up in a multilingual society. Moreover, although Vygotsky had recognized the role of proto-gesture (e.g., an infant reaching for an object that is then brought by an adult) as perhaps the earliest form of semiotic mediation, he did not concentrate on nonverbal forms of mediation, nor did van Lier. However, the current research hopes to demonstrate that speech together with nonverbal forms of communication, especially in combination (multimodal ensembles) can constitute an important aspect of creating L2 contingent interaction, and following van Lier, as connected to the Zone of Proximal Development. Additionally, emotional development (Perezhivanie) as tied to contingency and as an aspect of cooperative social relations is given treatment. Data for the study come from a second-grade classroom of L2 learners of English engaged in a read-aloud lesson directed towards L2 language and literacy development.

Clothing selection and appearance of pro-vice chancellors: A case of University of Cape Coast, Ghana

Beyond food and shelter, clothing is also recognized as one of the basic human needs and provides a medium for interpersonal communication in human in a non-verbal form. The manner in which individuals dress in society, especially those who occupy leadership positions, ultimately conveys salient information about them. Clothing selection practices apply to leaders of all categories, of which Pro-Vice Chancellors of universities are not exceptions. Using a qualitative approach to research and relying on semi-structured interviews to collect data from three participants, the study examined the clothing selection practices of Pro-Vice Chancellors at the University of Cape Coast, a state-owned institution in Ghana, from 2012 to 2021. The study's findings revealed that clothing selection practices among Pro-Vice Chancellors of the University of Cape Coast do not exist in a vacuum, but depend on a number of judgements carved by participants. Ultimately, the study contributes to scholarship on clothing selection practices among individuals in positions of authority.

Recognition of human emotion transition from video sequence using triangulation induced various centre pairs distance signatures

Human emotion recognition manifests the concept of contextual understanding of human communication in nonverbal form. This fascinates us to monitor the dynamic information of an emotion. In this article, we present an automatic recognition system for observing gradual changes in human emotion available in the form of a video sequence. In our proposed system, we introduce a triangulation mechanism for geometric feature generation from salient landmarks on the face image. Here, well known active appearance model (AAM) is applied to consecutive image frames in a sequence to track all locations of landmark points. In this work, we explore four centre points (Incentre, Circumcentre, Barycentre, and Orthocentre) from all the triangles formed by salient facial points selected in a triplet. Six different geometric distance signatures viz. Incentre–Circumcentre, Incentre–Barycentre, Incentre–Orthocentre, Circumcentre–Barycentre, Circumcentre–Orthocentre, and Barycentre–Orthocentre are extracted accordingly by taking all possible pairs of those four centres into account to signify several ways of the geometric representation of an emotional image sequence. The discriminative merit of each distance signature is analysed independently by employing them separately as input feature sets into a multilayer perceptron (MLP) classifier for recognition of six basic emotions(anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise). We verify the performance of our proposed system through the experimentation on several publically available benchmark video datasets such as Extended Cohn–Kanade (CK＋), M&M Initiative (MMI), and Multimedia Understanding Group (MUG). Experimental results indicate impressive accuracy of 98.47% for CK＋, 92.57% for MMI, and 98.62% for the MUG dataset on Incentre–Circumcentre pair distance signature. Moreover, to justify the effectiveness of our proposed method we compare our experimental results with other existing states of the art available in the literature.

Measuring engagement among older adults using a multidimensional approach to communication.

Characterizing older adult engagement is important to determine the effectiveness of interventions. Engagement refers to the occupying of oneself in external stimuli and is observable across multiple dimensions of behavior. Engagement of older adults is commonly investigated using a single behavioral dimension. There is a dearth of analytical methods that can simultaneously quantify both verbal and non-verbal forms of communication as proxies for engagement. In this article, we present a multidimensional technique to measure engagement of older adults using techniques appropriate for people with varying degrees of dementia. The new analytical approach measures facial movement, lexical use, and prosodic patterns of speech as indices of affective and behavioral outcomes of engagement. Contexts for engagement included a dyadic reminiscence therapy interview and a 12-week technology-driven group reminiscence therapy. Illustrative examples of the technique are described by two participants from two different groups in a naturalistic setting. Application of these analytical techniques can enhance measurement precision and further develop the science and evidence base, especially for, but not confined to, non-pharmacological interventions.

Ақпараттық қоғамдағы коммуникативті әрекеттің аксиологиялық аспектісі

In conditions of modern social changes and the transition into an open society, the issues of value-worldview attitudes and orientations of a person in the communication process have become more significant. The key problem of communication is the mechanism of communication, which translates the individual process of transmission and perception of information into a socially significant process of personal and mass impact. To analyze this issue the authors investigate the meaning of the communicative action as a separate initial act of the person’s communicative activity. This article defines the meaning of communicative action as an achievement of the common agreement and substantiates that the transition from non-verbal forms of communicative action to verbal ones expressed the process of development of abstraction in synthesis with imagination in the cognitive sphere of human consciousness. As a result, it became possible to formulate general norms leading to community integration and the development of individual identity. If the meaning of communicative action is to coordinate the interests of interacting communicants, then the meaning of the communicative space is to unite them based on already developed and agreed common values, which is of lasting importance with the self-preservation of the community and determining its future. The information society foregrounded pragmatic and axiological issues, created conditions for the necessity and possibility of understanding the multidimensionality of a person, understood as the multitude of their identities and plurality of their self-expression. In these conditions, the inseparability of the general meaning of communication in various spheres of human activity is actualized, which consists in integration of people, in pursuit of higher values - truth, goodness and beauty in this being, otherwise, the communicative action and communication as a whole will remain just technical means of communication between individuals.

Polyglot Art Practices: Introduction

Polyglot Art PracticesIntroduction Doris Hambuch The Routledge Handbook of Literary Translingualism (2022), edited by Steven G. Kellman and Natasha Lvovich, is the latest among many recent testimonies to the fact that the study of creative multilingualism has been expanding rapidly in the new millennium.1 Much of the resulting research, in particular in English, challenges language hierarchies and the concept of a national language. As Rachael Gilmour and Tamar Steinitz emphasize in their introduction to Multilingual Currents in Literature, Translation and Culture (2018), “monolingual paradigms are inadequate in a world dominated by globalization and migration” (1). Jane Hiddleston and Wen-Chin Ouyang, likewise, state that their Multilingual Literature as World Literature (2021) “argues not only, with Spivak and Mufti, against the dominance of English, but also against a dominant concept of monolingualism2 that has further served to limit and skew the scope of world literature” (3). This special issue on polyglot art practices positions itself within the same movement as it investigates the use of plurilingual creative expression across different genres and media in order to contest the status of a global language and its implications for authors, audiences, publishers, and editors. Despite several genuine efforts, it was not possible to divert the issue’s focus on European languages, although the discourse in most of the contributions is not limited to them. A distinct Canadian perspective is offered throughout the majority of included articles. Plusieurs des personnes ayant contribué à ce numéro ont participé au groupe de recherche sur l’art multi/trans/plurilingue et s’inspirent du manifeste « Pour des savoirs en commun ». Basé sur une table ronde ayant eu lieu au colloque annuel de l’Association canadienne de littérature comparée en 2019, ce manifeste vit dans plusieurs espaces. La table ronde était bilingue, et réunissait des membres de la communauté comparatiste et de la communauté des humanités numériques (Monjour et Mathieu-Lessard 601–602). [End Page 239] « Orienté autour de trois thématiques principales : celles des temporalités, des espaces, et des formats de publication, » (603) le manifeste souligne le pouvoir des langues, notamment dans les propositions « pour un multi-linguisme actif and fluid » (607) et « Let’s think beyond words » (608). Notre groupe a rassemblé des versions différentes de ces propositions à travers diverses traductions, par exemple « For en aktiv flersproglighed med flydende grænser! », « Ας σκεφτούμε χωρίς λόγια! », « 活発で円滑な多言語を目指して », « », ou « He mana tō te kupu » (complit.ca/i-research-group-multi-trans-lingual-art-groupede-recherche-sur-lart-multi-trans-plurilingue/). Un grand merci aux membres du groupe et à leurs ami·e·s pour avoir maintenu le projet vivant. A key study in the field of creative translingualism is Yasemin Yildiz’s Beyond the Mother Tongue: The Postmonolingual Condition (2013). With a focus on authors whose common language is German, Yildiz traces the development of a monolingual paradigm back to the late eighteenth century and encourages continuous resistance against this paradigm’s proliferation. “The postmonolingual condition […],” Yildiz warns, as quoted in the opening essay of this issue, “is not resolved by a one-time move beyond the mother tongue, but requires constant reinvention and questioning of the underlying concepts of language and identity. It requires constant exit strategies” (142). Much of the discussion throughout Polyglot Art Practices points towards respective exit strategies, and in the process, a number of examples move beyond the obvious components of language, letters and words, to focus on sound (Roussel; Morris), performance (Ingram; Innes), music (Ingram), and image (Siemens). The issue thus takes its cue from Hiddleston and Ouyang’s instruction, “to explore the phonetic sign in [this] context and its combination with other nonverbal forms of language” (7). Some genres are more conducive to this kind of exploration than others. Two of the seven contributions revolve around lyric poetry, while a third reserves it for a large part of its interdisciplinary inquiry, and the opening essay is itself an experimental prose poem. Other genres addressed include film, theatre, and photography, besides prose. In Translingual Poetics: Writing Personhood Under Settler Colonialism (2018), Sarah Dowling reminds us that poetry has a “very long history of being written across and between languages” (5). Kellman and Lvovich, in their preface to the...

Teachers' Communication Strategies in Fostering the Entrepreneurial Spirit of Students of SMK Centers of Excellence in Bekasi City

The Vocational High School Centers of Excellence program aims to improve the quality of SMK graduates, one of which is entrepreneurship. This study aims to determine the communication strategies of teachers and inhibiting factors in fostering the entrepreneurial spirit of students. The research method used is a qualitative method with a qualitative descriptive approach. The research paradigm used is the constructivism paradigm with data collection methods through interviews, observation, and documentation collection with research subjects consisting of teachers and students. The results showed that teachers use the SOR (stimulus-organism-response) and AIDDA (attention-interest-desire-decesion-action) models where students can receive messages well marked by changes in knowledge, attitude/character, and behavior. The communication process is carried out in learning activities in verbal and non-verbal forms tostimulate students to give their best responses. The learning activities carried out are entrepreneurship learning with project-based learning and training. The communication process between teachers and students in fostering the entrepreneurial spirit often experiences communication barriers. Communication barriers that occur include barriers in interpreting messages, barriers in developing messages, and barriers in receiving messages. Communication barriers can be resolved well through maximum efforts such as establishing more intensive coordination and cooperation between teachers and students through parents.

An Ethno-pragmatic Analysis of Insults in Akan Asafo Companies: The Case of Asebu Amantsendo Asafo Company of Abura-Asebu-Kwamankese District, Ghana

This study sought to investigate the use of insults in Asafo companies at Asebu Amantsendo of Abura Asebu Kwamankese District in the Central Region of Ghana. The study aimed at finding out the various instances where insults are not considered as face threatening acts (FTAs) and identifying the various reasons which permit members to use insults in Asafo activities. The theoretical base for the study was Brown and Levinson’s (1978) Politeness Theory. Data was sampled from fifty participants from Asebu traditional area through interviews and observations. The study revealed that verbal forms of insults manifest through songs and greetings while the nonverbal forms manifest through flags, posts and surrogate. The study also showed occasions where insults are treated as non-face threatening acts. These occasions include specific occasions (such as funerals, enstoolment of chiefs, festivals etc), and during insult competition games. Also, the study revealed that entertainment, correction and trademark were some of the reasons for which members engaged in insults. The study contributes to the politeness theory by proving that among the Akan Asafo groups, insults were used as cohesive tools for strengthening togetherness..