Non-irradiated Side Research Articles

Changes in microtubule and microfibril arrangement during polarotropism inAdiantum protonemata

Polarotropism was induced inAdiantum (fern) protonemata grown under polarized red light by turning the electrical vector 45 or 70 degrees. One hour after the light treatment, tropic responses became apparent in many cells as a slight distortion of the apical dome. Changes in the position of the circumferentially-arranged cortical microtubule band (Mt-band) (Murataet al., 1987) and the arrangement of microfibrils around the subapical part of protonemata were investigated in relation to the polarotropic responses. Twenty minutes after turning the electrical vector, preceding the morphological change of cell shape, the Mt-band began to change its orientation from perpendicular to oblique to the initial growing axis. After 30 min, the Mt-band changed its orientation further under 45 degrees polarized light, but under light rotated 70 degrees, it began to disappear. In phototropic responses induced by local irradiation of a side of the subapical part of a protonema with a non-polarized red microbeam, the Mt-band on the irradiated side disappeared or became faint within 20 min, but neither disappearance nor a change of orientation of Mts occurred on the non-irradiated side. One hour after turning the electrical vector 45 degrees, in half of the cells tested, the innermost layer of microfibrils in the subapical part of the protonema changed its orientation from perpendicular to oblique to the growing axis, corresponding to the changes in the orientation of the Mt-band. After 2 hr, those changes were obvious in all cells examined. The same basic results on the orientation of microfibrils were obtained with protonemata cultured for 2 hr under 70 degrees polarized light. The role of the Mt-band in tropic responses is discussed.

星状神経節近傍への低出力レーザー照射の臨床的効果

I reached the following conclusion, as a result of irradiation of Low Power Laser to near SG (Stellate Ganglion) for various kinds of chief complaint.1. The irradiation within sphere of SG innervation shows the immediate effect for feeling of stiff shoulders and Phoryngolaryngeal paresthesia in common cold. And it might be effective for other kinds of chief complaint.2. The irradiation, even beyond sphere of SG innervation shows the effect. Some patients are effective for not only irradiated side but also non-irradiated side. It's effective for Stress Incontinence to repeat this treatment.3. In the group of Systolic pressure over 150mmHg the pressure has a tendency to drop by this treatment.

NMR Imaging and Spectroscopy of the Mammalian Central Nervous System after Heavy Ion Radiation

NMR imaging, NMR spectroscopy, and histopathologic techniques were used to study the proton relaxation time and related biochemical changes in the rodent brain after in vivo helium beam irradiation with single doses of 10, 20, 30, and 50 Gy. Two-dimensional Fourier transform spin-echo imaging and saturation recovery with projection reconstruction were used to measure the NMR relaxation parameters. These parameters were correlated with proton spectroscopy and histopathology. Additional high resolution in vitro proton spectroscopy was performed on brain extracts to observe chemical changes that could not be seen in vivo. The major findings from these experiments were that at 4-14 days postirradiation, image intensity and T1 relaxation time decreased on the irradiated side and increased on the nonirradiated side relative to nonirradiated control animals. In vivo surface coil proton spectroscopy methods demonstrated changes in lipid and phosphatidylcholine (p-choline) peaks. In vitro studies of the aqueous fraction of brain extracts showed radiation-induced changes in lactate, 4-aminobutyric acid, and p-choline peak areas. In the organic fraction, radiation-induced changes were observed in phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylserine. With histology and Evans blue injections, blood-brain barrier alterations were seen as early as 4 days after a dose of 50 Gy.

Effects of External Silicon Dioxide and Surface Roughness on the Radiative Melting of Silicon

Radiative melting of silicon surfaces on one side, with an incandescent source is examined as a function of external silicon dioxide film thickness and surface topography. Surface emissivities incorporating these variables are related to silicon melt depth by employing an optical cavity model. Experimental agreement with the model is good, demonstrating that careful consideration of film thickness, surface topography, and spectral output of incident radiation is required in order to optimally control silicon melt depths. Melt depth is profoundly influenced by surface emissivities which are shown to be, themselves, functions of external oxide thickness and surface topography. Not only do sharp differences exist between the optical properties of polished and sandblasted surfaces, but the data demonstrate that differences in the “degree” of sandblasting can also result in markedly different melt profiles. Furthermore, since radiative heating is from one side, while radiative cooling occurs from all sides, specific preparations of irradiated surfaces resulting in enhanced incident energy coupling, and increased melt depths, have an opposite effect when applied to nonirradiated surfaces. This allows for controlling melt profiles of irradiated surfaces of silicon wafers by patterning the nonirradiated side—an approach which could have application when patterning of irradiated surfaces is precluded or less desirable. We find that silicon melt depth displays a gross functional dependence on external silicon dioxide film thickness, and that an oscillatory finely‐structured dependence exists when film thicknesses are varied on the irradiated side of silicon wafers.

創傷治癒促進に対する光の偏光特性による照射効果

Experiments irradiated by straight polarized light caused acceleration of wound healing. In case of using the right-hand circular polarized light, the first experiment showed that the effect was noticed on both the irradiated and non-irradiated side. However, in the repeated experiment, the effect was observed only on the irradiated side. However, there was no effect by the left-hand polarized light. Laser which was actually a straight polarized light was changed to a circular polarized light in a few cases. In this group, little effect was obtained by irradiating left-hand polarized light using 1.3μm laser diode, 514.5nm Argon laser or 632.8nm He-Ne laser. This finding strongly suggested that there might be a difference between the left- and right-hand circular polarized light on the heling of experimental wound. More informations on such a mechanism requires further study.

Studies of temperature and flux dependences of sputtering yield of nickel from two-layered films of Ni-Ni 3C

Rutherford backscattering measurements of ion-induced sputtering of nickel films that are backed by nickel-carbide films on the non-irradiated side have been carried out at various temperatures using 5 keV Ar + ions of various fluxes. It is found that at elevated temperatures the yields of atomic fluxes sputtered from the composite specimen depend strongly on ion flux. The sputtering of nickel atoms is suppressed substantially by segregated carbon layers for ion fluxes below a certain critical value. As the ion flux is increased the sputtering yield of carbon is found to decrease monotonically, while that of nickel increases abruptly above the critical flux to a maximum value 4 times the elemental yield and then decreases asymptotically to 1 4 of the elemental yield.

Autosomal spindle fibres influence subsequent sex-chromosome movement in crane-fly spermatocytes.

In meiosis-I crane-fly spermatocytes 3 autosomal half-bivalents move to each pole in anaphase while the 2 sex-chromosomal univalents remain at the equator. The sex chromosomes move to opposite poles only after the autosomes reach the poles; the sex chromosomes start to move polewards about 25 min after the autosomal half-bivalents have begun to move. We irradiated portions of single autosomal spindle fibres with an ultraviolet microbeam and found that these irradiation altered the subsequent sex-chromosome movements. Two effects were observed. In one, one of the sex chromosomes did not move at all; the sex cin after the autosomal half-bivalents have begun to move. We irradiated portions of single autosomal spindle fibres with an ultraviolet microbeam and found that these irradiation altered the subsequent sex-chromosome movements. Two effects were observed. In one, one of the sex chromosomes did not move at all; the sex cin after the autosomal half-bivalents have begun to move. We irradiated portions of single autosomal spindle fibres with an ultraviolet microbeam and found that these irradiation altered the subsequent sex-chromosome movements. Two effects were observed. In one, one of the sex chromosomes did not move at all; the sex chromosome that remained at the equator would normally have moved to the pole associated with the irradiated autosomal spindle fibre. In the second, both sex chromosomes moved to the same pole, always that of the non-irradiated side. These effects occurred whether or not autosomal anaphase movement was blocked by the irradiation. There was no wavelength dependence for altering sex-chromosome movements. Sex-chromosome movements were altered only when at least one sex-chromosomal spindle fibre was adjacent to the irradiated autosomal spindle fibre; when neither sex chromosome had a spindle fibre adjacent to the irradiated autosomal spindle fibres the chromosomes always moved normally. Irradiation of sex-chromosomal spindle fibres during sex-chromosomal anaphase showed short blockages of movement (usually 5-8 min), and then complete recovery. Direct irradiation of sex-chromosomal spindle fibres (without irradiating autosomal spindle fibres) when the autosomes were in anaphase but the sex chromosomes were in metaphase never caused abnormal sex-chromosome movements. These results eliminate the possibility that when we irradiated autosomal spindle fibres that were adjacent to sex-chromosomal spindle fibres the sex-chromosomal spindle fibres were irradiated inadvertently and were unable to recover from the damage. We suggest that the irradiations of autosomal spindle fibres alter a control system involved in "turning on' sex-chromosomal spindle fibre motors, rather than directly altering the motors. We suggest that interactions between spindle fibres are somehow involved in this control system.

In vitro leucine incorporation into protein of normal and x-irradiated rabbit bone marrow cells.

When compared with nonirradiated controls, the isolated bone marrow cells of x-irradiated rabbits showed a decrease ( ca. 40%) in the in vitro uptake of labeled leucine into proteins 1 and 2 days after exposure to 400 r and 800 r. A similar magnitude of inhibition of leucine incorporation was observed in hemibody x-irradiated rabbits in which the marrow cells from the irradiated femur were compared with that from the nonirradiated side. The decreased uptake of leucine into protein after radiation may be due to an interruption in the supply of young forms during the postirradiation period, and hence, the decreased uptake of amino acids into proteins may be characteristic of the mature cells of the surviving cellular elements.