Nong Khai Province Research Articles

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEGAL KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARD JUSTICE OF THE PARTICIPANTS IN COMMUNITY KNOWLEDGE SHARING PROJECT, SRI CHAROEN VILLAGE, NONGKHAI PROVINCE

The research aims to study the correlation between legal knowledge and the attitude toward justice of the law. The sample of this research consists of 40 participants in Community Knowledge Sharing Project which was conducted in Sri Charoen Village, Nong Khai Province in 2015. The data of legal knowledge and attitude toward justice were collected before and after the knowledge sharing project. The statistics used to analyze the data were percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test and Pearson’s correlation. The result shows that the level of knowledge and attitude before the knowledge sharing project were at low level and were increased to high level after the knowledge sharing project. Furthermore, the research shows that there are correlation between legal knowledge and attitude toward justice of the law.

Riverbank Change Detection and Impact of Water Level Rise along Mekong River in Nong Khai Province of Northeast Thailand using Geo-Informatics Approach

This study aims to examine the riverbank changes and the impacts of water level rise on the right bank of the Mekong River in Nong Khai province, northeast Thailand. The Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) technique was applied for the extraction of water features from LANDSAT imagery to detect the change. The result shows both erosion and accretion in the study area during the dry season between the year 2000 and 2014 analyzed by LANDSAT-7 TM images recorded on February 13, 2000 and LANDSAT-8 OLI images recorded on March 31, 2014. The total area of erosion is 0.89 sq.km or 555.90 Rais at average rate of 1.31 m/year whereas total area of accretion is 3.93 sq.km or 2,457.27 Rais at an average rate of 2.03 m/year. The morphological change of sandbars and river islets finds eroded/submerged area of 5.92 sq.km or 3,698.58 Rais and accreted area of 1.85 sq. km or 1,153.21 Rais. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is applied together with the Mekong River channel data year 2014 to simulate the water level rise scenarios. The result identifies that agricultural land would be the most at risk of flooding, next are miscellaneous land (water body, sandbar, islet, etc.) and forest land respectively.

The introduction of oil palm in Northeast Thailand: A new cash crop for smallholders?

AbstractAs part of the Thai Government's objective to increase energy security through biodiesel, oil palm was introduced to Northeast Thailand in 2005. Nong Khai Province was selected as a pilot project because of its suitable environmental conditions. This study assesses the acceptance of policy interventions and socio‐economic conditions by adopters and non‐adopters. We found that total farmland size was significantly higher among oil palm producers than among non‐producers. Nevertheless, the area under oil palm cultivation did not increase in accordance with land size in the way rubber did. Oil palm and non‐oil palm farmers had almost equal amounts of rice area thereby providing household food security. Oil palm did not replace food crops. Farmers investing in oil palm tend to base their livelihood around on‐farm production, whereas non‐adopters tend to diversify with off‐farm income sources. Oil palm was found to be one component of a diversified farming system and an additional income source, albeit not the primary one. In conclusion, oil palm was a crop that had been tried by (wealthier) farmers with sufficient capital, and an aim to further diversify on‐farm household income. Oil palm is certainly not (yet) contributing substantially to household income in Thailand's Northeast.

Integrative Participatory Community-based Ecotourism at Sangkhom District, Nong Khai Province, Thailand

Abstract The main objective of this study was to initiate integrative participatory community-based ecotourism development at a tourist destination. Therefore, Participatory Action Research (PAR) was applied to Sangkhom District, NongKhai Province. Tools and techniques such as observation, in-depth interview, preliminary meetings, inter-group meetings and workshops were used to gain stakeholders’ participation. During the PAR process, community-based ecotourism plans were draft and revised by stakeholders, which included public and private sectors at the destination. The implementations of the plans were well supported by stakeholders, especially local residents. Besides gaining local participation and enhancing stakeholders’ awareness in tourism environmental (natural, social and culture) conservation, the outcomes from the PAR process included enhancing tourist carrying capacity, empowering local residents in decision making towards community tourism issues, and some new local products with local branding.Thus, community-based ecotourism can be defined as a type of sustainable tourism because in this study, it was not only empowered local residents to make decision in tourism planning in their jurisdictions but also strengthen social and human capital at the destination which would forward to the next generation for continuing tourism development.

A new population and habitat for Neotricula aperta in the Mekong river of northeastern Thailand: a DNA sequence-based phylogenetic assessment confirms identifications and interpopulation relationships.

Neotricula aperta (Gastropoda: Pomatiopsidae), the snail intermediate host of Schistosoma mekongi, is found in Cambodia, Laos, and Thailand. We update information on the distribution of this species in the Mekong River and its tributary, the Mun River, in Thailand. DNA sequences of a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 were obtained from N. aperta collected from different locations and used to confirm species and strain identities. Specimens of the β-strain were found in the Mun River, whereas specimens of the γ-strain were found in the Mekong River. The γ-strain (with molecular confirmation of identity) is newly reported from Nong Khai Province, where it occurred in a habitat novel for this species: under paving slabs instead of under natural bed rocks, where agal aufwuchs is extensively located on the islet in the middle of the Mekong River. The new location is approximate 400 km upstream from the nearest previously known site for this species.

SWOT Analysis of Religious Tourism in Nong Khai Province, Thailand Proposed Guidelines to Incorporate Temple Stay Program

The aim of this paper is to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of religious tourism in Nong Khai province, Thailand to incorporate Temple Stay Program, which is a valuable form of religious tourism. Temple Stay Program is a successful Buddhist tourism program in Korea which creatively attracts many tourists throughout the Korean Buddhist culture. A semi-structured interview was applied to collect data from key informants. The results show that religious tourism in Nong Khai province has the potential to incorporate a Temple Stay Program as a core religious tourism product to introduce Thai Buddhist culture. In order to improve the potential for religious tourism in Nong Khai province to establish a Temple Stay Program, the necessary things that should be focused on are 1) diversity of religious activities for tourists 2) improving human resources in tourism 3) arranging public service vehicles to go to temples 4) extensive public relations 5) collaboration by stakeholders. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n23p696

Developing Cultural Tourism through Local Festivals a Case Study of the Naga Fireball Festival, Nong Khai Province, Thailand

This article aims to study international tourists’ opinions and the international tourists’ demand for the Naga Fireball Festival and guidelines to promote the value of the Naga Fireball Festival in Nong Khai province, Thailand. The researchers used the Mix Method. For the quantitative method, 400 questionnaires were collected and the data was analyzed using mean, standard deviation and Chi square tests. For the qualitative data, we used a focus group discussion with academics, tourism entrepreneurs, representatives of involved public organizations and local philosophers to discuss about promoting the value of the Naga Fireball Festival in Nong Khai province, Thailand. The results show that most tourists would like to see the Naga Fireball Festival because it is based on the local culture regarding the Naga serpents. In reference to the demand of international tourists, positive attitudes of local residents towards tourists (S.D. = 0.51), experience in telling stories about the Naga Legend (S.D. = 0.56), awareness of the local life style and culture along the Mekong River (S.D. = 0.50), day trips to sacred sites dealing with the Legend of Naga (S.D. = 0.52), landscape arrangements (S.D. = 0.49), safety and security for tourists (S.D. = 0.50), and reliable sources of information about the Naga Fireball Festival (S.D. = 0.56) were at the highest level. The following guidelines which are proposed to increase the value and worth of the Naga Fireball Festival for international tourists include six goals: 1) setting up routes to sacred sites involved with the legend of Naga 2) improving the quality the landscapes at cultural destinations 3) opening a museum dedicated to the legend of Naga 4) publish pocket books with pictures and descriptions of the legend of Naga 5) establishing Homestay along the Mekong River 6) increasing the role of the local community’s participation in the Naga Fireball Festival. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n23p734

Local Community Participation in the Conservation of the Naga Fireball Festival

This study aims to investigate problems with local community participation in the Naga Fireball Festival in Phon Phisai District, Nong Khai province, and guidelines to promote local community participation in the conservation of the Naga Fireball Festival in Phon Phisai District. A mix method was applied. The results showed that overall, local community participation in the Naga Fireball Festival was at the high level (mean = 3.57, S.D. = 0.15). Guidelines to promote local community participation in the conservation of the Naga Fireball Festival in Phon Phisai District, Nong Khai province were proposed which included: 1) designing an official website to promote the Naga Fireball Festival, 2) establishing a learning center about the Naga in Phon Phisai District, 3) promoting homestay for a firsthand experience along the Mekong River, 4) expanding the role of young people in the community in festival planning, and 5) providing tourists’ activities based on the Legend of Naga. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n23p372

Designing a Temple Stay Program Based on the One in Nong Khai Province, Thailand

The aims of this research are to study 1) tourists’ opinions and demands for Temple Stay Program (TSP) based on the one in Nong Khai province, Thailand and 2) guidelines to design TSP based on the one in Nong Khai province, Thailand. The Mix method was applied and for the quantitative method, 400 questionnaires were collected and the data was analyzed using mean, standard deviation and Chi-square tests. For the qualitative data, a focus group discussion was organized. The participants included monks, academics, tourism entrepreneurs, involved public organizations and local philosophers who proposed guidelines to design TSP based on the one in Nong Khai province, Thailand. The results showed that most of the tourists approved of the TSP in Nong Khai province, which has religious activities in tourism to enhance awareness of Thai religious values. Tourists’ demands for TSP similar to the one in Nong Khai province, Thailand are at a high level. Guidelines to design TSP based on the one in Nong Khai province, Thailand include 1) establishing an official center of information for TSP in Nong Khai province 2) planning diversity for TSP packages 3) creating diverse and meaningful activities for TSP 4) establishing a training course on local handicrafts or local food for tourists, and 5) expanding roles of monks as guides in Buddhist cultural and local tradition activities.

Analysis of Passenger Transportation Demand: Case Study of the Customs House, the Thai-Laos Friendship Bridge, Nong Khai Province

This study analyses the factors influencing passenger transportation demand at the Thai-Laos Friendship Bridge in Nong Khai Province, Thailand. Secondary data was collected from July 2007 to June 2010. The passenger transportation demand model estimation via a unit root test prior to the ordinary least square (OLS) technique found that the passenger number has a long-term, positive equilibrium relationship with the price. On the other hand, gross domestic product (GDP) and the frequency of services provided, have a negative relationship with the exchange rate. The empirical results of a short term analysis based on the error correction mechanism (ECM) estimation revealed that the adjustment speed that affects the number of passengers deviates from the equilibrium point to the long-term equilibrium point by 46.3 percent in each time period. Proposed policy recommendations are as follows: entrepreneurs should increase the frequency and number of services; wider variety of vehicles should be provided; each vehicle should run at full capacity; overall improvement in speed, safety and efficiency of the services is also necessary.

Mathematical Equations for Reducing Water Pollution Problems among Poultry Production Clusters in Nong Khai Province, Thailand

Poultry production clusters (PPC) in Nong Khai raise layer chickens in the poultry houses constructed over fish ponds. Layer farmers use chicken manure to feed their fish. However, unbalance between chicken raising and the size of fish pond or number of fish results in low water quality, which affects fish production and the community’s public water resource. In this field study, data was collected from layer farms in three poultry production clusters in Nong Khai province in the northeast of Thailand (a total of 90 farms) between April and August 2013. Data collected consisted of observations of dissolved oxygen (DO) values of water in the fish ponds, the number of egg-laying chickens raised above the fish ponds, the number of fish and size of the fish ponds. When all of these four observations were analyzed, mathematical equations for calculating the number of chickens raised, the number of fish per one rai (1600 m2), and the size of pond suitable for the number of chickens and fish were obtained as follows: 1) number of fish/rai = 5796 + 1097(size of pond) (R2 = 0.71), 2) number of chicken/rai = 513 + 223(size of pond) (R2 = 0.48) and 3) size of pond =-0.328474 + 0.000262(Fish) + 0.00117(Chicken) (R2 = 0.40). When pond = desired pond size, fish = number of fish to be raised and chicken = number of chickens to be raised.

Analysis of Market Structure and Passenger Transportation Performance: Case Study of Nong Khai Custom House, Thai-Loas Friendship Bridge, Nong Khai Province

This study aimed to examine the situation, general management and performance of the international private transportation services of passengers between Thailand and the Laos PDR at the Thai-Laos Friendship Bridge. Other objectives were to analyze the market structure, competition behavior and the results of passenger transportation industry’s performance. This study also aimed to propose policy recommendations in order to enhance efficiency and performance development. Both primary and secondary data were obtained by interviewing two entrepreneurs chosen by purposive sampling and analyzing monthly data obtained from related public and private organizations over the period July 2007 to June 2010. Entrepreneurs provided international bus services from cities within Thailand (Khon Kaen and Udon Thani) and the Lao PDR, regular shuttle buses at the bridge, and private hire vans and buses. The results showed two companies operating in an oligopolistic market structure. The performance of both companies is nearly the same. The efficiency index measurement utilized for both companies were the same; however the results were slightly different. The levels of technology application within both organizations were also similar. Policy recommendations for efficiency and performance development are as follows. Entrepreneurs should increase the frequency of services as well as the number and variety of vehicles available to passengers and each vehicle should run at full capacity. Improving the services to be more convenient in terms of the speed, safety and efficiency is also necessary.

The length-weight relationships, condition factors and gut contents of Syncrossus helodes (Sauvage, 1876) and Yasuhikotakia modesta (Bleeker, 1864) from the Mekong River, Muang District, Nong Khai Province, Northeastern Thailand

The length-weight relationships (LWR), condition factors (K) and gut contents of Syncrossus helodes (Sauvage, 1876) and Yasuhikotakia modesta (Bleeker, 1864) from the Mekong River, Muang District, Nong Khai Province, Northeastern Thailand were investigated in the dry-hot and dry-cool season 2010. The LWR results indicated that S. helodes exhibited negative allometric growth in both seasons, whereas Y. modesta exhibited positive and negative allometric growth in the dry-hot and the dry-cool season, respectively. The K values for S. helodes in the dry-hot season and Y. modesta in both seasons were greater than one, showing that they were in above good condition, whereas the K for S. helodes in the dry-cool season was lower than one, which indicated that the fish was in poor condition. The percentage of point method (%P) results indicated that S. helodes fed on the same 7 categories of food items in both seasons, which were dipteran larvae (64.48%), trichopteran larvae (17.82%), ephemeropteran larvae (6.73%), Hemiptera (2.95%), terrestrial dipteran adults (2.31%), green algae and zooplankton (1.10% each). Y. modesta also fed on the same 7 categories of food items in both season, corresponding to dipteran larvae (59.78%), trichopteran larvae (16.37%), zooplankton (12.87%), molluscs (5.51%), terrestrial dipteran adults (3.30%), plant materials (1.18%) and green algae (0.59%). Plant parts and filamentous algae were also found in the analyzed gut contents; these materials may have been accidentally ingested along with the principal food item, Chironomid larvae. The %P of the food items depended on both the season and the fish species (chi-squared test, p<0.05). From the present study, it was concluded that S. helodes and Y. modesta are carnivores. Key words: Length-weight relationships, condition factors, gut contents, S. helodes, Y. modesta, the Mekong River.

Measuring Spiritual Tourism Management in Community: A Case Study of Sri Chom Phu Ongtu Temple, Thabo district, Nongkhai Province, Thailand

The paper is designed to provide a quantitative measuring spiritual tourism management in community in Sri Chom Phu Ongtu Temple, Thabo district, Nongkhai province, Thailand. The purpose of this study is to develop the spiritual tourism management model. Particularly, the objective of this study is to examine the validity and reliability of the three-factor model in spiritual tourism management. The research mainly involves a survey design. It includes a pilot test using undergraduate business students at UdonThani Rajabhat University for pretesting questionnaire items. In addition, this investigates into community potentiality, attraction potentiality, and community cooperation attributes necessitates uncovering variables of interest and this involves a large-scale field study. The data are collected via personal questionnaires from 459 samples. They include the residents in Thabo district, Nongkhai province, Thailand. Respondents are asked to rate, on a five-point Likert scale, their agreement or disagreement on the spiritual tourism management attributes. LISREL program is used for data analysis since the proposed model is a simultaneous system of equations having latent constructs and multiple indicators. Quantitative data are analyzed by the statistical techniques, namely exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. It is found from the study that the spiritual tourism consists of community potentiality, attraction potentiality, and community cooperation. The managerial implications are discussed.

Modeling Service Quality in Hospital as a Second Order Factor, Thailand

Abstract The objective of the research was to examine the service quality in Thabo Crown Prince Hospital, Nongkhai province. Given the literature review, a model proposed the service quality which was identified as a one-dimensional construct consisting of five components such as reliability, tangible, response, cost, and empathy. Using a survey design, data were collected via questionnaires interviewing 455 samples. They included the patients of hospitals in Nongkhai province. The author argued that the second-order factor structure for the service quality was significantly supported. This suggested that patients evaluated the healthcare service quality on five basic dimensions, but they also viewed overall service quality as a higher order factor that captured a meaning common to all dimensions. The managerial implications are discussed.

Factors Effecting to The Conflict Management of Sub-district Health Promoting Hospital in Nong Khai Province

Factors Effecting to The Conflict Management of Sub-district Health Promoting Hospital in Nong Khai Province

Antibacterial Activity of Bauhinia sirindhorniae Extract Against Aeromonas hydrophila Isolated from Hybrid catfish

The studies on antibacterial activity of Bauhinia sirindhorniae extract, an indigenous plant of Nong Khai province, against Aeromonas hydrophila isolated hybrid catfish were assayed. Root, stem, leaves and flowers of B. sirindhorniae were extracted by acetone, ethanol 50 %, ethanol 95 % and methanol. In antibacterial screening performed by disc method was conducted. The results revealed that the highest activity against A. hydrophila , found in roots extract using acetone with an inhibition zone, was 20.33 ± 0.58 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for B. sirindhorniae extracts were also determined by the broth dilution method. The lowest MIC value with high efficacy against A. hydrophila was 97.66 ppm which could be obtained from the root extract of B. sirindhorniae from acetone. The minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of B. sirindhorniae extracts were also determined. The determination of MBC was not observed in any concentration of B. sirindhorniae extracts.

A Discovery of Nucleolar Organizer Regions (NORs) Polymorphism and Karyological Analysis of Smith's Barb, &lt;i&gt;Puntioplites proctozysron&lt;/i&gt; (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) in Thailand

A discovery of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) polymorphism and karyological analysis in the Smith's barb, Puntioplites proctozysron (Bleeker, 1865) from Nong Khai province, in the northeast of Thailand, were studied. Blood samples were taken from 4 male and 4 female fish. After standard whole blood lymphocytes had been cultured at 27°C for 96 hours in the presence of colchicine, metaphase spreads were performed on microscopic slides and air-dried. Conventional and Ag-NOR staining techniques were applied to stain the chromosome. The results showed that the diploid chromosomes number of P. proctozysron was 2n=50 and the fundamental numbers (NF) of both sexes were 82. The types of autosomes were 4 large metacentric, 8 large submetacentric, 2 large acrocentric, 2 large telocentric, 2 medium metacentric, 6 medium submetacentric, 10 medium acrocentric, 14 medium telocentric and 2 small telocentric chromosomes. No strange size chromosomes related to sex were observed. In addition, the short arm near telomere of chromosome pair 4 showed clearly observable nucleolar organizer regions (NORs). This is the first report on polymorphism of NORs in P. proctozysron. The result showed that a heteromorphism in 1 female had a different size of NORs of chromosome pair 4 (4a4b), while 3 females and 4 males had an equal size of both chromosome pair 4 with a homomorphism (4a4a). The karyotype formula for P. proctozysron is as follows:2n (diploid) 50=L4m+L8sm+L2a+L2t+M2m+M6sm+M10a+M14t+S2t

Community-based wetland management at Goot Ting marshes, northeast Thailand: implications for policy and practice

Wetlands cover around 36,616 km 2 or 7.5% of Thailand’s land area. The majority of the 42,000 wetland sites have no formalised, legal protection. This paper reports on a new wetland management approach for communities to manage a seasonally inundated wetland, Goot Ting marshes, in Nong Khai Province, northeastern Thailand. Activities undertaken under this initiative comprised participatory research on the natural resources to identify the biodiversity values and users within the wetland. The boundary and two recognised zones of the community-managed wetland were demarcated. Each zone had specific rules drawn up. Two new institutional bodies for community wetland management – at provincial and wetland level – were established for the management of Goot Ting marshes. This grass-roots initiative provides strong impetus towards a new community-based, conservation agenda for wetland management. Thailand should adopt suitable community wetland legislation and formulate community wetland policy, recognising cust...

A Participatory Training in The Development of Readiness for Transferring Health Centers to Sub-District Administrative Organizations of Health Center Officials in Nongkhai Province

A Participatory Training in The Development of Readiness for Transferring Health Centers to Sub-District Administrative Organizations of Health Center Officials in Nongkhai Province