Nonaqueous Titration Research Articles

Synthesis of novel surface functionalized electrospun PAN nanofibers matrix for efficient adsorption of anionic CR dye from water

In this study, we have synthesized polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers matrix by using simple and cost effective electrospinning method. The surface of the obtained PAN nanofibers matrix was chemically modified into different amino (NH2) functional groups and used as novel nano-adsorbent towards the removal of anionic Congo red (CR) dye from aqueous media. Three different chemical procedures were adopted to synthesize three different NH2 functionalized nanofibers matrix i.e. PAN-NH2, PAN-CONH2 and PAN-EDA (ethylenediamine). The NH2 functionalized PAN nanofibers matrix were characterized by ATR-FTIR (Attenuated Total Reflectance), and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analytical techniques. ATR- FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of amine (NH2) and amide (CONH2) functional groups on the PAN nanofibers matrix. The obtained three different NH2 functionalized PAN nanofibers matrix were used as nano-adsorbents for removal of toxic anionic CR dye from aqueous media. We have calculated the density of amino functional groups by non-aqueous titration method. It was observed that, among the three different NH2 functionalized nanofibers matrix, PAN-EDA nanofibers matrix contain highest NH2 groups density. Hence, the PAN-EDA nanofibers matrix was found to be most efficient nano-adsorbent material for decontamination of anionic CR dye and can also be used as model affinity membrane for waste water treatment.

Analysis of drug ofloxacin in bulk and single component pharmaceutical tablets by non-aqueous potentiometric titration method

Analysis of drug ofloxacin in bulk and single component pharmaceutical tablets by non-aqueous potentiometric titration method

Preliminary Quality Criteria of Citrate-Protected Gold Nanoparticles for Medicinal Applications

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are one of the most widely studied and utilized materials in nanomedicine, but there is no business or national quality standard for their medicinal applications. This has become the bottleneck in the translation of clinical applications of gold-based nanomaterials. To solve this issue, the most frequently used citrate-reduced GNPs were selected as demonstration in this study to conduct quality standard research. The different molar ratios of chloroauric acid to trisodium citrate in preparation were changed, from 1:1 to 1:5, to adjust the particle size and main ingredients in gold colloids. The compositions of reduced Au0 and residual Au3+ were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), and photodynamic catalysis, while the residual citrate and its oxidation products in supernatants were detected by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy and nonaqueous titration. Cell viability of human normal...

Preparation, characterization of highly active recyclable zirconium and tin tungstate catalysts and their application in Pechmann condensation reaction

In this contribution, a facile and efficient one-step method for the preparation of mesoporous zirconium and tin tungstate with different Zr or Sn:W molar ratios. The prepared catalysts were characterized by different textural and spectroscopic techniques such as XRD, Raman spectra, SEM, EDX, TEM and N2 adsorption–desorption at − 196 °C. The surface acidity was measured by nonaqueous potentiometric titration of n-butylamine and FTIR spectra of chemisorbed pyridine. XRD results showed that all the prepared samples calcined at 400 °C are amorphous, no evidence for formation of big aggregates of WOx species on the catalyst surfaces, but all WOx species are homogeneously dispersed as small particles on the surfaces. At higher ratio of W (ZrW3 and SnW3) the excess WOx species are distributed inside the pores or block the pores by covering the necks of the pores, which leads to decrease in the specific area as evident from N2 adsorption- desorption study. Raman spectra showed that the tungstate species has WO4 distorted tetrahedral structure. The surface acidity measurement showed that the catalysts contain mixture of Lewis and Bronsted acid sites with different ratios, the maximum B/L ratio reach maximum value at molar ratio 1:2 (ZrW2 and SnW2). The results showed that zirconium tungstate samples have higher surface acidities than tin tungstate samples. The prepared catalysts showed high catalytic activities for the synthesis of 7-hydroxy-4-methyl coumarin via the Pechmann condensation reaction of resorcinol with ethyl acetoacetate. High yield (~ 94%) with 100% selectivity of 7-hydroxy-4-methyl coumarin was obtained under solvent free conditions.

Catalytic pyrolysis of larch sawdust for phenol-rich bio-oil using different catalysts

Abstract Different kinds of catalysts have a great influence on the characteristics and products of the biomass catalytic pyrolysis. Catalysts of Cu/C, Pd/C, Pd Ag and H-Zeolites socony mobil #5 (HZSM-5) were selected and characterized by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). Decomposition behaviors of the larch catalytic pyrolysis were studied by the thermogravimetric analyzer (TG). The total carboxylic acids (TCAs) and total phenolic compounds (TPCs) in bio-oil were determined using the non-aqueous potentiometric titration method. The chemical distribution of bio-oil was investigated by the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Results showed that the temperature of the maximum weight loss rate of larch was decreased by adding these four catalysts. The carbon residue rate was increased by using HZSM-5. The content of GC-detected phenols increased from 25.28% to 35.11% (area) by adding Pd/C. However, TCAs in bio-oil were decreased sharply with Pd Ag and Pd/C. HZSM-5 promoted the formation of phenols and enhanced TPCs in bio-oils (26.56 wt%), which increased by approximately 35% compared to that from the non-catalytic pyrolysis process. This phenol-rich bio-oil can be used to replace the traditional phenol for the manufacturing of high-value biomaterials.

Structural, photocatalytic, biological and catalytic properties of SnO2/TiO2 nanoparticles

TiO2 and SnO2/TiO2 nanoparticles with different SnO2 contents (0–20wt%) were synthesized via surfactant-assisted sol-gel method using a cationic surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB). The effects of SnO2 content on the structural, optical, and catalytic activity of TiO2 have been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transformer infrared (FTIR) and UV–vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS). The total surface acidity of the prepared samples was measured by nonaqueous titration of n-butylamine in acetonitrile and the types of Brönsted and Lewis acid sites were distinguish using FTIR spectra of chemisorbed pyridine. XRD patterns analysis indicates that the crystallite size reduced remarkably and the transformation of anatase-to-rutile phase accelerated greatly with increasing the SnO2 content. TEM images exhibit a spherical shape with an average particle size varying in the range 10–24nm and high-resolution TEM images (HRTEM) show lattice fringes with interplanar spacing 0.35nm and 0.32nm which corresponding to anatase and rutile phases, respectively. SEM images show the amount of SnO2 on the TiO2 surface increases with increasing the SnO2 content and the particles of SnO2 were aggregated on TiO2 surface with increasing SnO2 content to 20% wt. The catalytic activity was tested by various applications: Photodegradation of Methylene Blue (MB) and Rhodamine B (RhB) under UV–vis irradiations and synthesis of xanthene (14-phenyl-14H-dibenzo [a,j] xanthene). Antibacterial and antioxidant activities were also studied. The antibacterial property test was carried out via agar disc diffusion method, and the results indicated that the prepared catalysts showed moderate antibacterial activity.

On the Acid–Base State of the Surface of Semiconductor Components of the ZnSe–CdS System Exposed to Different Media

Using the methods of hydrolytic adsorption, mechanochemistry, and nonaqueous conductometric titration, the acid–base properties of the surfaces of binary semiconductors and solid solutions of the ZnSe−CdS system are studied. The nature of acid sites, and the extent, character, and mechanism of the surface (absorption) interaction are established. The interrelationships in the changes of the acid–base and bulk physical properties upon changing the chemical composition are determined, which make it possible to draw conclusions that are fundamentally important in scientific and practical aspects.

Development and validation of alternative methods by non-aqueous acid-base titration and derivative ultraviolet spectrophotometry for quantification of sildenafil in raw material and tablets

Sildenafil citrate (SILC) is a potent phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor used for erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. This study shows two simple, fast and alternative analytical methods for SILC determination by non-aqueous titration and by derivative ultraviolet spectrophotometry (DUS) in active pharmaceutical ingredient and/or dosage forms. The quantitation method of SILC active pharmaceutical ingredient by non-aqueous acid-base titration was developed using methanol as solvent and 0.1 mol/L of perchloric acid in acetic acid as titrant. The endpoint was potentiometrically detected. The non-aqueous titration method shows satisfactory repeatability and intermediate precision (RSD 0.70-1.09%). The neutralization reaction occurred in the stoichiometric ratio 1:1 in methanol. The determination of SILC active pharmaceutical ingredient or dosage forms by DUS was developed in the linear range from 10 to 40 µg/mL, in 0.01 mol/L HCl, using the first order zero-peak method at λ 256 nm. The DUS method shows selectivity toward tablets excipients, appropriate linearity (R2 0.9996), trueness (recovery range 98.86-99.30%), repeatability and intermediate precision in three concentration levels (RSD 1.17-1.28%; 1.29-1.71%, respectively). Therefore, the methods developed are excellent alternatives to sophisticated instrumental methods and can be easily applied in any pharmaceutical laboratory routine due to simple and fast executions.

A validated non-aqueous potentiometric titration method for quantitative determination of clopidogrel bisulphate from pharmaceutical preparation

A simple precise, rapid accurate and sensitive non-aqueous potentiometric titration method was developed for quantitative determination of terbutaline sulphate from pharmaceutical dosage form. The titration was carried out using standardized 0.1 N perchloric acid. The proposed method was found to be precise with % RSD 0.9999) between 50% to 150% of 0.400 mg of drug substance weight. The percentage recovery of terbutaline sulphate in the optimized method was between 99.39 to 99.64%. The method is also found to be rugged when checked by different analysts and using different lots of reagents and different makes of titrators.

A validated non-aqueous potentiometric titration method for quantitative determination of alprazolam from pharmaceutical preparation

A simple precise, rapid accurate and sensitive non-aqueous potentiometric titration method was developed for quantitative determination of lafutadine from pharmaceutical dosage form. The titration was carried out using standardized 0.1 N perchloric acid. The proposed method was found to be precise with % RSD 0.99) between 20% to 100% of 100 mg of drug substance weight. The percentage recovery of lafutadine in the optimized method was between 99.878 to 101.315%. The method is also found to be rugged when checked by different analysts and using different lots of reagents and different makes of titrators.

Non-Aqueous Titrimetric Assay for Determination of Loratadine in Pharmaceutical Preparations

Non-aqueous titrations is the most titrimetric procedure used in pharmacopoeial assays and serves a double purpose, as it suitable for the titration of weak acids and bases and provides a solvent in which organic compounds are soluble. A simple, cost-effective, rapid, and precise method for determination of loratadine (LOR) in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms was developed. The method based on non-aqueous titration using acetous perchloric acid as a titrant and acetous crystal violet as indicator. All measurements are carried out by running simultaneous blank determinations and the final titer values are subtracted from blank to get actual amount of acetous perchloric acid equivalent to LOR. The method was successfully applied for determination of LOR in pure and some pharmaceutical preparations. The percentage recoveries of the proposed method were ranged from 84.8 ± 0.1% to 100.9 ± 0.1%. The method showed an acceptable precision and accuracy as it able to determine LOR in presence of the different excipients present in some commercial preparations without any significant interference.

The Synthesis of Hydroxybutyrate-Based Block Polyurethane from Telechelic Diols with Robust Thermal and Mechanical Properties

A series of novel amphiphilic block polyurethanes (PUHE) have been successfully synthesized by solution polymerization of the derived PHB-diol and poly(ethylene glycol) with a coupling agent of 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), while the PHB-diol was prepared via the transesterification of PHB and ethylene glycol. The hydroxyl contents in PHB-diols range from 1.36 to 1.99 (the molar ratio) as determined by nonaqueous titration. The molecular weight and chemical compositions of PUHE and PHB-diol were investigated by GPC,1H NMR, and FTIR in detail, which confirm the successful synthesis of PUHE. The tensile strength and elongation at break of PUHE could reach as high as 20 MPa and 210%, as the content of PHB in PUHE is 33%. TGA curves indicate that block-bonding between PHB-diol and PEG increases the thermal stability of PHB-diol. Film degradation of PUHE was studied by weight loss and scanning electron microscope (SEM). It could be concluded that degradation occurred gradually from the surface to the inside and that the degradation rate could be controlled by adjusting the PHB/PEG ratios. These properties make PUHE able to be used as a biodegradable thermoplastic elastomer.

Mesoporous metal(IV) phosphates as high performance acid catalysts for the synthesis of photochromic bis-naphthopyran via Claisen rearrangement

In this work, a facile and efficient one-step method for the synthesis of highly active mesoporous zirconium and tin(IV) phosphate that exhibit excellent catalytic activity for the synthesis of photochromic bis-naphthopyran via the Claisen rearrangement has been established. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by different textural and spectroscopic techniques such as XRD, FTIR spectra, SEM, TEM and N2 adsorption–desorption at −196 °C. The surface acidity of the prepared catalysts were determined by nonaqueous potentiometric titration with n-butylamine and FTIR of chemisorbed pyridine. XRD and N2 adsorption–desorption measurements showed that, the samples have some mesoporous structure. The surface acidity measurement showed that the samples contain mixture of Lewis and Bronsted acid sites. The results showed that zirconium phosphate samples have higher surface acidities than tin phosphate samples, and the samples with Zr:P ratio 1:3 and Sn:P ratio 1:2 showed the highest surface and Bronsted acidities. The prepared catalysts showed excellent catalytic activity for the synthesis of photochromic bis-naphthopyran via the Claisen rearrangement. High yield (~99 %) with 100 % selectivity of photochromic bis-naphthopyran was obtained in shorter reaction time at room temperature. These acid catalysts may solve the problematic low yield and purification difficulties of the photochromic chromenes reported previously.

Determination of N, N’, N’’-tris(3,7-dimethyloctyl)guanidine (TiDG) in Cesium Extraction Solvent

Several analytical methods were evaluated for determining the concentration of N,N’,N”-tris(3,7-dimethyloctyl)guanidine (TiDG) in a cesium extraction solvent. Of the methods evaluated, non-aqueous titration and 1H NMR were shown to be successful at quantifying the amount of TiDG present in both a pure solvent extraction system, and a blended system containing an additional base, trioctylamine.

Determination of N, N’, N’’-tris(3,7-dimethyloctyl)guanidine (TiDG) in Cesium Extraction Solvent

Several analytical methods were evaluated for determining the concentration of N,N’,N”-tris(3,7-dimethyloctyl)guanidine (TiDG) in a cesium extraction solvent. Of the methods evaluated, non-aqueous titration and 1H NMR were shown to be successful at quantifying the amount of TiDG present in both a pure solvent extraction system, and a blended system containing an additional base, trioctylamine.

Sodium Acetate Coated Tenofovir-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles for Improved Physico-Chemical Properties.

It is hypothesized that sodium acetate (SA) can be used for in situ coating of drug loaded chitosan NPs for improved physico-chemical properties. Tenofovir (TFV) is used as a model drug. Uncoated chitosan NPs are prepared by ionic gelation. SA is generated in situ from half neutralization of acetic acid with sodium hydroxide, and coats chitosan NPs during freeze-drying. The NPs' physico-chemical properties [e.g., particle mean diameters (PMD) zeta potential (ζ), EE%, drug release profile, morphology] are characterized by dynamic light scattering, spectrophotometry, Korsmeyer-Peppas model, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. Melting point (MP), non-aqueous titration, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and powder X-ray diffractometry (XRD) pattern evaluate the SA coated chitosan NPs. The NPs' cytotoxicity on macrophages Raw 264.7 is assessed by neutral red, resazurin, nitrite oxide (NO) and cytokines assays. Collectively, FTIR, ζ, XRD, MP, and TEM data confirm that SA coats chitosan NPs. The PMD range is 136-348 nm (uncoated) and 171-379 nm (coated NPs). The ζ values range is +24.3-28.5 mV (uncoated) and 0.1-3.1 mV (coated NPs). The EE% ranges from 5.5 to 11.7% (uncoated NPs) and increased up to 86.3-92.7%(8-17-fold) after coating. The SA also prevents NPs aggregation during the freeze-drying and aqueous dispersion. The core-shell NPs exhibited a sustain release of TFV following anomalous transport mechanism (R(2) ~ 0.99). The coated NPs are non-cytotoxic (cell viability ~100%) and without any proinflammatory response. This SA coating chitosan NPs mechanism may be useful for (i) efficient encapsulation, (ii) stabilizing colloidal dispersions, (iii) controlling the release and solubility of bioactive agents.

Surface and catalytic properties of triflic acid supported zirconia: Effect of zirconia tetragonal phase

In this paper, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid was successfully loaded over calcined crystalline zirconia. Zirconia was calcined at 200, 350, 500, 700 and 900°C before trifluoromethanesulfonic acid was loaded. The catalysts were characterized by various sophisticated techniques such as FTIR, SEM, TEM, XRD and N2 adsorption–desorption measurements. The acidic behavior of the catalysts has been studied by nonaqueous potentiometric titration and FTIR spectra of adsorbed pyridine. The results showed that the catalysts are highly acidic and exhibited high catalytic activity in the esterification of acetic acid with benzyl alcohol (95%) with very high selectivity to benzyl ester (96%). Furthermore, the tetragonal phase of zirconia was the only phase up to 500°C, and completely vanished at 900°C. These changes in crystalline structure was also found to be related to the number and strength of acid sites. Our results showed that, the number and strength of acid sites were optimum at 350°C, at which only tetragonal phase is the metastable one. Moreover, the catalysts were capable of recycling for five times without appreciable deactivation at 100°C.

Conducting polyaniline nanorods doped with aromatic carboxyl chain end functionalized polystyrene

The preparation of new conducting polyaniline (PANI) derivatives with different nanostructures is described. PANI derivatives doped with aromatic carboxyl chain end functionalized polystyrene derivatives of different number average molecular weights between 18×103 and 3×103g/mol were prepared to determine the effect of the structure and number average molecular weights of the aromatic carboxyl chain end functionalized polystyrene dopant on the morphology of the resultant doped polyaniline derivatives. The aromatic carboxyl chain end functionalized polystyrene derivatives of different number average molecular weights were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) methods using α-bromo-p-toluic acid as the aromatic carboxyl functionalized initiator. The chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline with ammonium persulphate as oxidant in the presence of aromatic carboxyl chain end functionalized polystyrenes as the dopants affords PANI derivatives as nanorods and nanosheets. The use of polymeric acids as dopants in the chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline leads to improved morphological control, eliminates dopant volatility, retains the electrical conductivity and promotes the processibility of the final polymeric carboxylic acid doped polyaniline derivatives. Also, the chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline with ammonium persulphate as oxidant in the presence of α-bromo-p-toluic acid as the dopant affords doped PANI derivatives as hollow microspheres. Furthermore, heating of the PANI nanorods doped with aromatic carboxyl chain end functionalized polystyrene under nitrogen atmosphere above 800°C affords carbon nanorods and nanosheets. The aromatic carboxyl chain end functionalized polystyrenes and the different PANI derivatives were characterized by size exclusion chromatography, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectrometry, FTIR spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy, non-aqueous titrations, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analyses, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and electrical conductivity measurements.

Development of High-purity Certified Reference Materials for 17 Proteinogenic Amino Acids by Traceable Titration Methods.

To ensure the reliability of amino acid analyses, the National Metrology Institute of Japan of the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (NMIJ/AIST) has developed high-purity certified reference materials (CRMs) for 17 proteinogenic amino acids. These CRMs are intended for use as primary reference materials to enable the traceable quantification of amino acids. The purity of the present CRMs was determined based on two traceable methods: nonaqueous acidimetric titration and nitrogen determination by the Kjeldahl method. Since neither method could distinguish compounds with similar structures, such as amino acid-related impurities, impurities were thoroughly quantified by combining several HPLC methods, and subtracted from the obtained purity of each method. The property value of each amino acid was calculated as a weighted mean of the corrected purities by the two methods. The uncertainty of the property value was obtained by combining measurement uncertainties of the two methods, a difference between the two methods, the uncertainty from the contribution of impurities, and the uncertainty derived from inhomogeneity. The uncertainty derived from instability was considered to be negligible based on stability monitoring of some CRMs. The certified value of each amino acid, property value with uncertainty, was given for both with or without enantiomeric separation.

ЩОДО СТАНДАРТИЗАЦІЇ СУБСТАНЦІЇ ГІПЕРТРИЛУ

<p align="center"><strong>ON THE STANDARDIZATION OF HYPERTRIL SUBSTANCE</strong></p><p align="center">Kucherenko L.I.</p><p align="center">Zaporozhye State Medical University</p><p align="center">SPC «Pharmatron»</p><p><em>Key words:</em> substance, Hypertril, standardization, identification, nonaqueous titration</p><p><strong>Introduction.</strong> Increase of mortality and disability caused by cardiovascular diseases is the problem not only of health protection institutions, it is the social problem of our society. Efficiency of health care service in Ukraine depends on the presence of highly effective competitive drugs of domestic production. Especially it concerns drugs used for treating of cardiovascular diseases, notably coronary heart disease, arterial hypertension, myocardial infarction and acute heart failure. So the development of drugs for treatment of mentioned diseases is the urgent task of modern medicine and pharmacy. According to the recommendations of The European Society of Cardiology important components of complex therapy of heart failure especially after myocardial infarction are the following drugs: β-adrenoceptor antagonists, ACE inhibitors and diuretics. Thus primary task of pharmacy and medicine is the developing and improvement of new highly effective and safe drugs using of which would lead to the improvement of quality of life and its extension. All about mentioned urge to develop perfectly new antianginal and antihypertensive remedy of original structure which has minimum side effects.</p><p>At the Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department of Zaporizhzhia State Medical University in collaboration with the SPC "Pharmatron" new original compound – derivative of 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole (drug Hypertril) was synthesized.</p><p><strong>Objective. </strong>The aim of this investigation is the development of Hypertril substance standardization methods.</p><p><strong>Methods.</strong> On the basis of structural formula of Hypertril and methods of its receiving we have worked out the draft of quality control methods (QCM) for the substance. While developing it we used latest modern methods of standardization which are ordered by State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine (SPU) and the European Pharmacopoeia.<em></em></p><p><strong>Results and discussion. </strong>For identification of Hypertril substance we proposed to carry out characteristic reaction (C) for bromide ion notably with the solution of chloramine in the presence of dilute hydrochloric acid and chloroform (chloroform layer receives yellow-brown colour). Besides, taking into account modern standardization methods we proposed to determine correspondence of infrared spectrum of the substance with the infrared spectrum of pharmacopeia standard sample.<em></em></p><p>Next task was the development of methods of quantitation of Hypertril substance. First we studied the possibility of Hypertril substance titration with 0.1M solution of perchloric acid with the use of internal indicator and determination of point of equivalence potentiometrically. As solvent we used acetic acid nonaqueous. The investigation showed that the substance is soluble in acetic acid nonaqueous only under prolonged heating. Results received were satisfactory and were from 98.5% up to 101%. But taking into consideration the time one analysis takes we believe this method is not to be practical. To reduce the Hypertril substance analysis duration we proposed to dissolve weighed portion preliminarily in formic acid nonaqueous and then add acetic acid nonaqueous. During the analysis of Hypertril substance according to this method we received unsatisfactory results in the limits from 94% up to 98%. In further investigations we used as solvent the mixture of formic acid nonaqueous with acetic anhydride. As indicator we used crystal violet and defined point of equivalence potentiometrically. While using internal indicator there were some difficulties because the transition of coloring was not clear. Thus we proposed to define point of equivalence potentiometrically. During analysis we received satisfactory results and analysis duration shortened three times.</p><p><strong>Conclusions.</strong> According to the results of the investigations we can conclude that developed method of defining of quantitative content of Hypertril substance by nonaqueous titration is easy-to-use and simple, accurate, reproducible and corresponds to all demands of State Pharmacopoeia and international standards. Further worked out methods of qualitative and quantitative determination of Hypertril substance are planned to introduce into QCM for Hypertril substance.</p>