<h3>Purpose</h3> No standard procedures are available for waiting-list registration and pre-transplant treatment for transplant candidates with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection. We hypothesized that appropriate pre-transplant treatment is associated with favorable outcomes after lung transplantation (LTx) and allows successful postoperative recovery in terms of decreased risk of <i>de novo</i> NTM infection after transplantation. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective chart review was conducted of a prospective database of 261 patients undergoing LTx since 2008 (living-donor LTx: 103, cadaveric LTx: 157, hybrid LTx: 1). According to our institutional policy, a negative sputum culture and no active infection on chest radiographs were required for candidate registration on the waiting list. Relevant data were extracted from the medical records. <h3>Results</h3> Eight patients (3.1%) were diagnosed with NTM infection before LTx and thirteen patients (5.0%), after LTx. In two of the eight patients, complete cure of preoperative NTM infection was attained at 18 and 21 years before LTx, respectively. The remaining six patients had pulmonary complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT); three of the six patients had severe respiratory failure and urgent living-donor LTx was performed within six months after NTM infection. All eight patients are currently alive without clinical findings of NTM infection. Among thirteen patients with post-transplant NTM infection, 11 received cadaveric LTx. Eight of the thirteen patients had chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD), though it was unclear whether NTM infection was a cause or result; four patients had received or registered for re-LTx. Subsequently, six patients died and only one is alive and free from NTM infection and CLAD. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Patients with pulmonary complications after HSCT may have higher risk of NTM infection. Pre-transplant treatment for NTM infection is associated with favorable outcomes after LTx. Postoperative NTM infection is possibly related to CLAD and difficult to manage; therefore, close follow-up is mandatory.