Non-resident Students Research Articles

Improved algorithms for trip‐chain estimation using massive student behaviour data from urban transit systems

With bus global positioning system data and smart-card data, this study puts forward improved algorithms to further increase the success rate of alighting stop identification for the student group, so that trip chains and origin-destination (OD) matrixes of students can be obtained with the high estimated rate. Aimed at the student group, after using and generalising conventional alighting algorithms, this study innovatively utilises resident and non-resident students' typical trip patterns to further increase the success estimated rate. As a result, the algorithms are verified with a correct estimation of 74.9%, where the success rate steeply increases by 8.6% through the method based on students' typical trip patterns. The empirical analysis and application have shown that the methodology can observe the trip chains of students and optimise the bus service for students. In the future, OD matrixes obtained should be validated with bus OD surveys, and traffic system of metro and shared bikes as well as other datasets such as land use data will be taken into consideration.

Assessing Residential Satisfaction by Level of Residence in Off-Campus Environment

This study aims to clarify the explanatory factors and the extent to which those factors help to predict the overall residential satisfaction among students living off-campus. This survey utilized a stratified sample of individuals with a questionnaire which was administered to 341 non-resident (NR) students, in seven groups of neighborhoods in the city of Shah Alam. In the analytic process, a Factor Analysis procedure is applied to reduce the data set and to uncover the relationships between various factors and dimensions of the students’ residential satisfaction. Descriptive results show a degree of satisfaction with each level of the residential environment.Keywords: Residential satisfaction; levels of environment; off-campus environmenteISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ АДАПТАЦИЯ ИНОГОРОДНИХ СТУДЕНТОВ К ВУЗОВСКОЙ СРЕДЕ

СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ АДАПТАЦИЯ ИНОГОРОДНИХ СТУДЕНТОВ К ВУЗОВСКОЙ СРЕДЕ

Geographical Network Analysis and Spatial Econometrics as Tools to Enhance Our Understanding of Student Migration Patterns and Benefits in the U.S. Higher Education Network

This study measures the extent to which student outmigration outside the 4-year sector takes place and posits that the benefits from attracting non-resident students exist regardless of sector of enrollment. The study also provides empirical evidence about the relevance of employing geographical network analysis (GNA) and spatial econometrics in [higher] education research. When applied to student migration, GNA enabled the visualization and analysis of complex (virtuous cyclical) dynamics in non-resident student exchanges. Findings revealed that states’ preponderance in attracting non-resident students is both explained by their propensity to export their resident students out-of-state while it simultaneously affected non-resident tuition variation.

Multiculturalism in Education: Barriers of Communicative Creativity in the Case of Nonresident and Foreign Students in Group Training tasks Solving

Abstract The high performance of the future specialist today is directly connected with his or her ability to think creatively and productively. Developing competencies of interpersonal communication interactions is hampered by the trend towards the virtualization of communication and the intensification of migration process. The latter carries inevitable controversy in national and regional traditions of social communications, whereas the virtualization of communication contributes to barriers in interpersonal dialogs. The research objective comprises identification of communication barriers among students of various social groups (nonresident and foreign students). The outcome of the study determined statistically reliable differences in the degree of manifestation of one or another classified barrier among foreign and non-resident students during the solving of group training tasks.

Tuition Rich, Mission Poor: Nonresident Enrollment Growth and the Socioeconomic and Racial Composition of Public Research Universities

Many public research universities fail to enroll a critical mass of low-income and underrepresented minority (URM) students. Though founded with a commitment to access, public research universities face pressure to increase tuition revenue and to recruit high-achieving students. These pressures create an incentive to recruit nonresident students, who tend to pay more tuition and score higher on admissions exams, but who also tend to be richer and are less likely be Black or Latino. This paper examines whether the growing share of nonresident students was associated with a declining share of low-income and URM students at public research universities. Institution-level panel models revealed that growth in the proportion of nonresident students was associated with a decline in the proportion of low-income students. This negative relationship was stronger at prestigious universities and at universities in high-poverty states. Growth in the proportion of nonresident students was also associated with a decline in the proportion of URM students. This negative relationship was stronger at prestigious universities, universities in states with large minority populations, and universities in states with affirmative action bans. These findings yield insights about the changing character of public research universities and have implications for the campus climate experienced by low-income and URM students.

SOCIAL AND PHYSICAL REASONS AND CONSEQUENCES ASSOCIATED WITH SOME STUDENTS RIOT OF AL-AZHAR UNIVERSITY - A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AND THE RESIDENT STATUS STUDENTS

The current study drives at exploring the social and physical reasons and consequences associated with students' riot of Al-Azhar university، comparing as well the university students (as an example of non-resident status students) to resident status students of Al-Azhar university. The study sample consists of (400) regular enrolled students for the academic year (2015/2016). It is divided equally into (200) resident status students and (200) non-resident students. The study uses the descriptive (qualitative) method using the social survey of random sample. The study is also an analytical case study as a tool for collecting data from research population, using also in-depth interviews. the study tools are reflected in: questionnaire form, observation and personal interviews. The researcher counts on some statistical approaches such as: T.Test, frequencies, percentages، and coefficient correlations. The study extracts several results as follows: there are significant statistical differences between students' points of view (study sample) regarding social and physical reasons and consequences for riot caused by academic delay and parents' maltreatment. Resident status students think that riot is the low-level of education and maltreatment of those in charge of the Resident Status of the university. In addition, the injustice of some of the teaching staff members and professors in correcting students' answer papers, their low scores in exams they don't deserve after exerting lots of efforts in their educational subjects as they perceive it. All these reasons gathered to create violence or riot in the ancient Azhari university. The study show that there are several consequences resulted in riot has occurred in the university, including change of society's point of view to students and graduates of Al-Azhar university and change of treatment of those in charge of of the university and the teaching staff members and workers to the worst. Security men also play a critical role in their exaggerated strictness with students during going in and out from the university campus which make them feel aggrieved and oppressed. The study recommends holding meetings and discourses between those in charge of the university and members of the teaching staff for alleviating severity of these reasons have caused riot and their consequences.

The Heterogeneous Non-resident Student Body: Measuring the Effect of Out-Of-State Students’ Home-State Wealth on Tuition and Fee Price Variations

More than 40 years of research has found a positive relationship between increases in the proportion of non-resident students enrolling in an institution and increases in the tuition prices this institution charges to these same students. Notably, this line of research has consistently treated this non-resident student body as if they constitute a homogeneous group in terms of their socioeconomic well-being, when in reality these students come from states with differing levels of socioeconomic prosperity. Notably, given that tuition and fee charges to non-resident students are market-based, institutions charge what out-of-state students are willing to pay. Under this rationale, it follows that the wealthier the student body of an institution is, the more institutions will be able to charge them in terms of tuition and fees for their education. The purpose of this study is twofold. First, it offers a method to measure the level of wealth of the non-resident student body enrolling at an institution considering the level of wealth of these students’ home states, therefore creating a measure of heterogeneity of the non-resident student body. The second purpose is to evaluate whether this measure of heterogeneity is associated with larger increases in the net tuition and fee prices charged to these students compared to the increases related to the homogeneous structure that ignores these students’ home-state wealth. This twofold purpose was addressed utilizing a dataset built from regional, state, and institutional information of 1743 public and private not-for-profit 4-year institutions across the contiguous United States. Since all the outcome variables were found to be spatially dependent, spatial econometrics techniques were employed for model estimation. Results corroborated that treating non-resident students as a homogeneous structure rendered downwardly biased estimates of institutions’ abilities and/or decisions to set higher or lower tuition and fee prices compared to the estimates obtained using the heterogeneous structure. Considering current general disinvestment of states in higher education, the analysis of factors driving non-resident tuition and fee price-setting has become especially relevant for public policy officials and decision-makers at both the institution- and state-levels. Accordingly, this study examines a critical issue in the finance of higher education—the setting of institutional tuition and fees for non-resident students.

Tuition Rich, Mission Poor: Nonresident Enrollment Growth and the Socioeconomic and Racial Composition of Public Research Universities

Many public research universities fail to enroll a critical mass of low-income and under-represented minority (URM) students. Though founded with a commitment to access, public research universities face pressure to increase tuition revenue and to recruit high-achieving students. These pressures create an incentive to recruit nonresident students, who tend to pay more tuition and score higher on admissions exams, but who also tend to be richer and are less likely be Black or Latino. This paper examines whether the growing share of nonresident students was associated with a declining share of low-income and URM students at public research universities. Institution-level panel models revealed that growth in the proportion of nonresident students was associated with a decline in the proportion of low-income students. This negative relationship was stronger at prestigious universities and at universities in high-poverty states. Growth in the proportion of nonresident students was also associated with a decline in the proportion of URM students. This negative relationship was stronger at prestigious universities, universities in states with large minority populations, and universities in states with affirmative action bans. These findings yield insights about the changing character of public research universities and have implications for the campus climate experienced by low-income and URM students.

ПОВСЯКДЕННЕ ЖИТТЯ КИЇВСЬКОГО СТУДЕНТСТВА У 1960–1970-х рр.: СОЦІАЛЬНО-ПОБУТОВІ АСПЕКТИ

The article deals with the social aspects of Kyiv students’ daily life in the period of the 60-70s of the 20th century. It is determined that a typical trend of state policy in the field of education was the search for optimization of school management. In the framework of the implemented measure aimed at realization of the set tasks, the number of universities was significantly reduced, while the number of students was increasing. The last exacerbated the problem, which had not been solved until the end of the 1950s, in particular lack of classroom funds and educational and laboratory facilities. It is emphasized that at the beginning of the 1960s none of the universities of the Ukrainian RSR had educational premises, which would correspond to a certain norm, and this led to the two- and three-shift educational schedule. At the same time there was an urgent need to provide housing primarily to the non-resident students. It is noted that to solve the housing problem, a part of Kyiv universities funding was redirected to reimbursement of students’ expenses on rental of accommodation from private individuals. It is pointed out that among the actions and additional opportunities identified by the Government of the UkRSR to solve the social problems of students and pupils of secondary special educational institutions, it was to encourage the expansion of self-service and the use of the numerous educational institutions hostels as hotels during the holidays. The legislative and regulatory framework of improving the higher educational institutions’ social infrastructure is analyzed. The features of Kyiv universities development in 1960-1970s are highlighted; considerable attention is paid to the questions of the social infrastructure components development: provision with education fund, improvement of housing and communal environment, food and health care of students. It is emphasized that the solving of the housing problem in the universities was prevented by unauthorized residing in the dorms, and this problem was most acute in Kyiv. Based on statistical data and archival documents analysis it is concluded that despite significant improvements in social infrastructure of the Kyiv universities in the early 1970s, the material and technical supply failed significantly to fulfill the existing needs. Although the capital construction was gradually developing, its rates were low, they failed to meet the growing demands, and this in its turn affected the development and activity of the educational institutions in all areas.

Creating the Out-of-State University: Do Public Universities Increase Nonresident Freshman Enrollment in Response to Declining State Appropriations?

This study investigates whether public universities respond to declines in state appropriations by increasing nonresident freshman enrollment. State higher education appropriations declined substantially during the 2000s, compelling public universities to become more dependent on net-tuition revenue. State policy controls often limit the growth of resident tuition price. Therefore, public universities have an incentive to grow nonresident enrollment in order to grow tuition revenue. Drawing on resource dependence theory, we hypothesize that public universities respond to declines in state appropriations by growing nonresident freshman enrollment. Furthermore, we hypothesize that this response will be strongest at research universities because research universities enjoy strong demand from prospective nonresident students. We tested these hypotheses using a sample of all US public baccalaureate granting institutions and an analysis period spanning the 2002–2003 to 2012–2013 academic years. Fixed effects panel models revealed a strong negative relationship between state appropriations and nonresident freshman enrollment. This negative relationship was stronger at research universities than master’s or baccalaureate institutions. These results provide empirical support for assertions by scholars that state disinvestment in public higher education compels public universities to behave like private universities by focusing on attracting paying customers.

Effectiveness of supervised oral health maintenance in hearing impaired and mute children- A parallel randomized controlled trial.

Context:Individuals with special needs may have great limitations in oral hygiene performance due to their potential motor, sensory, and intellectual disabilities. Thus, oral health care utilization is low among the disabled people. Hearing disorders affect the general behavior and impair the level of social functioning.Objectives:The present study was conducted to assess the dental health outcomes following supervised tooth brushing among institutionalized hearing impaired and mute children in Jaipur, Rajasthan.Materials and Methods:The study followed a single-blind, parallel, and randomized controlled design. A total of 315 students were divided into three groups of 105 children each. Group A included resident students, who underwent supervised tooth brushing under the supervision of their parents. The non-resident students were further divided into two groups: Group B and Group C. Group B children were under the supervision of a caregiver and Group C children were under the supervision of both investigator and caregiver.Results:There was an average reduction in plaque score during the subsequent second follow-up conducted 3 weeks after the start of the study and in the final follow-up conducted at 6 weeks. There was also a marked reduction in the gingival index scores in all the three groups.Conclusion:The program of teacher and parent supervised toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste can be safely targeted to socially deprived communities and can enable a significant reduction in plaque and gingival scores. Thus, an important principle of oral health education is the active involvement of parents and caregivers.

Participation of Non-Resident Students in the Creation of Participatory Budget in Wroclaw

Abstract This paper was mainly intended to enable a preliminary assessment of the factors qualifying the out-of-town full-time students, temporarily staying in Wroclaw, for the participation in creating the participatory budget of Wroclaw. We can observe that only small group of students voted for participatory budget of Wroclaw. Main reason of non-voting was a lack of information about participatory budget and possibility of voting. Some of respondents were also misinformed about possibility of voting. It seems also that that main reason of non-voting is really lack of interest. In introducing participatory budget one of main players is local community. Applicants, non-governmental organizations, district councils, schools or other institutions are able to motivate citizens for voting. In our survey we discovered that these actors didn’t play a single minute. Surveyed voting-students had heard about participatory budget from friends, family members, or they had found information from social media, town internet page and posters. The main factors influencing the choice of the projects by surveyed students were in general: descriptions of tasks in the electronic voting system, tasks descriptions available on the town website, information spread by the applicants (online, by leaflets, posters, banners and other ones) and opinions of family members. Summarizing we can notice that main problem is lack of information provided by different town and non-governmental bodies and what results poor acquisition of voters.

Localized competition in the non-resident student market

The non-resident student market brings monetary resources to colleges and universities in the U.S. Previous research on price-setting has been predominantly limited to public institutions. This study offers geospatial indicators to capture local competition and influence from public and private 4-year not-for-profit colleges to attract non-resident students. Utilizing a dataset built from federal, state, and institutional information, the 2011–2012 non-resident tuition prices of 1780 institutions across the contiguous U.S. were modeled. Four different neighboring specifications were used to measure the influence of the 1st, 5th, 10th, and 20th closest institutions. The findings support that localized competition and influence exists. Institutions use variations in their tuition prices to compete locally and remain a marketable option for non-resident students. Heterogeneous neighboring structures affect tuition setting above and beyond spatial dependence. Institutions’ tuition price-setting benefit the most by competing against doctoral/research institutions. Fixed-effects and HLM techniques were incapable of handling spatial dependence.

The loan and financial aid theory: an empirical investigation of domestic and international graduate students with emergency loan needs signal global challenge to manage the cost of US education

This research addresses graduate students studying in the USA who are either US citizens or non-resident aliens who demonstrated emergency loan needs. There have been limited studies that have compared US citizen or non-resident alien graduate students in relation to emergency loan need and GPA. To address this issue, we conducted research by collecting data from 290 graduate students enrolled in a large public university located in the USA. The dataset includes 188 students who are US citizens or have US permanent residency; and 102 non-resident aliens. The results of the regression analysis shows that there is no significant relationship between GPA and emergency loan need for graduate students who are either US citizens or international students. Also, in our data analysis, the visual representation of the dataset strongly indicates that emergency loan need exists in a diverse spectrum of nationality, colleges, degree types, ethnicity, gender, and marital status. These results have practical and theoretical implications for administrations and key decision makers in higher education.

Students’ Perception of Residential Satisfaction in the Level of Off-Campus Environment

This study aims to clarify the explanatory factors and the extent to which those factors help to predict the overall residential satisfaction among students living off-campus, as one of the major elements or attributes of their quality of life. This survey utilized a stratified sample of individuals with a self-reported questionnaire which was administered to 341 non-resident (NR) students, in seven groups of neighborhoods (differing in various features) in the city of Shah Alam. In the analytic process, a Factor Analysis procedure is applied to reduce the data set and to uncover the relationships between various factors and dimensions of the students’ residential satisfaction. Descriptive results show a degree of satisfaction with each level of the residential environment (house, neighborhood and city).

An Assessment on Variable Reliability in Investigating Students’ Living Satisfaction in Private Housing Environment

The purpose of the research was to assess the reliability of living satisfaction variable in private housing environment. A 47-item survey was developed to explore Non-resident (NR) students experience about their living satisfaction. Items were developed based on demographic data and three domains namely: students’ living condition; students’ social activities; and community facilities & physical surroundings. From this survey, a 37 item scale was established called “students’ living satisfaction scale” for further research. Reliability analysis of this innovative scale established a coefficient alpha of 0.881. Future research should examine not only by students’ perception but examine the factor of living that leads living satisfaction.

Ratio at students of motivation and readiness for observance of the principles of healthy lifestyle

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Subtypes of psychotic-like experiences in a community sample of young adults: socio-demographic correlates and substance use

This study aimed to investigate if particular psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) subtypes were more likely to be associated with a series of socio-demographic variables, with alcohol abuse and with cannabis or illicit drug use. The idea is to further characterize different PLEs subtypes in order to discloud their individual nature. A cross-sectional design was conducted on a sample of 997 university students aged between 19 and 26 years, which belonged to 4 faculties of 2 different universities. Alcohol abuse and cannabis or illicit drug use were assessed using a self-report questionnaire; PLEs were assessed using the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences. Cases were randomized in order to obtain equipotent groups; then, an analysis of the probable dependence relations between PLEs subtypes and other variables was conducted using analysis of variance models. Persecutory ideas (PI) and bizarre experiences were more frequent within females and non-resident students, moreover PI were more frequent within younger subjects (<20 years). Magical thinking was significantly associated to a more frequent cannabis use in the last year (>1/month). These results confirm usefulness and validity of a "subtype approach" to PLEs. In fact PLEs subtypes may have, not only a different clinical presentation, but even different epidemiological and psychopathological ones.

A survery on clustering outbreak of influenza b in a rural primary school in Gaozhou

Objective To analyze the causes and infection sources of a clustering outbreak of influenza b in a rural primary school in Gaozhou in 2012,and to provide scientific support for the prevention and control of this flu.Methods Epidemiological analysis was conducted by using flu case questionnaires,findings of laboratory test,and hygiene data.Results The clustering outbreak began in February 18,2012,with unknown infection sources for first cases,and the last case occurred in February 21.Of 263 people with exposure to infection,9 developed flu,with a attack rate of 3.4％,no death occurred.The age distributed in the age group of 13 to 14,without gender differences.Because the first patient was resident student,the attack rate for the resident students was much higher than that for non-resident students.6 of 9 patients were positive for nucleic acid detection in flu virus.Conclusions It was a clustering outbreak of hepatitis b influenza and the transmission way was airborne.Early detection,reports,isolation,and vaccination of flu vaccine are the key measures to control influenza outbreak. Key words: Influenza b; Clustering; Investigation and analysis