Non-renewable Energy Production Research Articles

HAZOP ANALYSIS OF AN ATMOSPHERIC PETROLEUM DISTILLATION UNIT AND SIMILARITY IN SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUELS (SAFs) PRODUCTION PROCESSES

The production of petroleum derivatives stands out worldwide among the non-renewable energy production processes, as the most well-known worldwide. In this study, an atmospheric distillation column that processed 100,000 barrels/day (662.5 m3/h) of crude oil was simulated using CHEMCAD® software. From this procedure, the Process Flow Diagram (PFD) and the Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (PI&D) for the unit, corresponding to its automation, were obtained. Subsequently, a HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Study) analysis was conducted in order to identify risks in the unit that, although not dangerous, could compromise its ability to achieve its productivity. The main risks of the process were related to fires, explosions and environmental contamination from leaks and ruptures in pipes, pumps, heat exchangers, the column itself, among other equipment. The HAZOP analysis was able, through the use of guide words, to identify possible operational risks arising from deviations in operating intentions, such as the possibility of fires, explosions, environmental contamination and their consequences. It was possible to identify the risks associated with the selection of materials, the mechanical design of the equipment and the specifications of the accessories. Therefore, the study carried out is an important survey for reducing possible failures in the oil industry. And, since this study is an in-depth study on the distillation processes for petroleum-derived products. It is understood that their in-depth study, as a result of the development of new renewable products, especially sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs), because they are similar purification processes, employ the same methodology to identify possible failures in production.

Modeling the impact of climate policy uncertainty on energy production

ABSTRACT This study probes the impact of climate policy uncertainty (CPU) on total (TEP), non-renewable (NREP), and renewable energy production (REP) in the US. We adopt the novel wavelet quantile correlation (WQC) approach for analysis across quantiles and frequency. The findings document that CPU decreases TEP, REP, and NREP at almost every quantile and frequency. Further, quantile-on-quantile (QQR) regression is employed for the sensitivity analysis that also reports the negative relationship between CPU and the selected energy production indicators. We present a range of policy recommendations derived from the findings.

How can there be an economic transition to a green ecosystem by adapting plastic-to-fuel technologies through renewable energy?

Plastics partially help define the way humanity lives today and plastic waste is an increasing phenomenon. It seems to be a serious concern that causes economic inefficiencies and environmental degradation that result in high CO2 emissions rates. To overcome this issue, regulations and policies on the production and behavior of plastics and energy should be reconsidered in the growing world economy. To this end, this study aims to foster economic pathways for decision-makers and answers the question of “How can there be an economic transition to a green eco-system by adapting plastic-to-fuel technologies through renewable energy?”. This strategy is introduced by an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) time-series methodology with the worldwide data from 1950 to 2022, considering energy production, economic growth, and CO2 emissions as independent variables; and plastic production as a dependent variable. The findings reveal the existence of a long-run cointegration relationship. An increase in renewable energy production (REP) and CO2 emissions causes a decrease in plastic production, while the opposite is valid for non-renewable energy production (NREP). The relationships between environmental degradation, energy production and economic growth are conducted through a global perspective. Therefore, this pioneering aspect of the article is expected to become a reference study for many studies in the future, in mitigating global warming by adapting plastic-to-fuel technologies. The paper shows how the production and use of renewable energy have critical importance in terms of the economic development levels of countries and therefore, can benefit countries (i.e., particularly developing and least developed countries) for environmentally friendly production and consumption patterns through a very important good: plastic.

Alternatives for the Optimization and Reduction in the Carbon Footprint in Island Electricity Systems (IESs)

The penetration of renewable energies in island electricity systems (IESs) poses a series of challenges, which include, among others, grid stability, the response to demand, and the security of the supply. Based on the current characteristics of electricity demand on the islands of the Canary Archipelago (Spain) and their electricity production systems, this study presents a series of alternative scenarios to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and increase the penetration of renewable energies. The goal is to optimize combustion-based (nonrenewable) energy production and combine it with renewable-based production that meets the requirements of dynamic response, safety, scaling, and integration with nonrenewable systems in terms of efficiency and power. As verified in the research background, the combination of power producing equipment that is generally employed on the islands is not the best combination to reduce pollution. The aim of this work is to find other possible combinations with better results. A methodology is developed and followed to obtain the lowest GHG production and to determine the measures to be applied based on: (a) changing the fuel type by switching to natural gas in the equipment that allows it; (b) using optimal combinations of the least polluting energy production equipment; (c) integrating, to the extent that it is possible, the Chira-Soria pumped hydroelectric energy storage plant into the Gran Canaria electricity system. A series of alternative scenarios are generated with different operating conditions which show the possibility of increasing the renewable installed capacity in the Canary Islands by up to 36.78% (70% in Gran Canaria), with a 65.13% reduction in GHG emissions and a 71.45% reduction in fuel consumption. The results of this study contribute, through the different measures determined through our research, to the mitigation of GHG emissions.

The Correlation Between the Development of Renewable Energy, Non-Renewable Energy, and Economic Growth in Taiwan

This paper aims to explore the correlation between the development of renewable energy and economic growth in Taiwan along with the correlation between the development of non-renewable energy and economic growth. I analyzed Taiwan’s current energy situation and understand the energy problems that Taiwan faces, and discussed policies that impact Taiwan’s economy, energy production, and consumption. I found that Taiwan could achieve stronger GDP growth through increased employment, investments, consumer spending, and technological advancements of renewable energy production rather than non-renewable energy production. I found a correlation of 0.902 between Taiwan’s GDP and renewable energy production, as opposed to a correlation of -0.0655 between nonrenewable energy production and Taiwan’s GDP. This high correlation between the production of renewable energy and GDP growth in Taiwan confirms that the nation should increase its investment in renewable energy production rather than non-renewable energy production. By comprehending the current situations and current policies, this paper attempts to provide an explanation of Taiwan’s energy issues, assist future energy policymakers, bring awareness to Taiwan’s energy development, promote sustainability goals, and provide a general background of Taiwan’s energy development. This paper also aims to provide well-rounded research to help investors make informed decisions about renewable energy.

Correction: The Dynamic Effects of Non-renewable Energy Production, CO2 Emissions, and Financial Development on Healthcare Spending

Correction: The Dynamic Effects of Non-renewable Energy Production, CO2 Emissions, and Financial Development on Healthcare Spending

Energy innovation and ecological footprint: Evidence from OECD countries during 1990–2018

Recent developments in energy engineering and state-of-the art technologies to increase eco-friendly energy production are receiving increasing attention in scientific debate as engines of growth. Although the energy-growth-environment nexus has been extensively studied, the ecological implications of innovative technologies in energy production are yet to be adequately addressed to provide adhoc social changes and policy perspectives. To bridge these gaps, the present study investigates the relationship between energy innovation (EIN), renewable energy production (REP), non-renewable energy production (NREP), energy intensity (EI), research and development (R&D) expenditures, GDP, and ecological footprint (EF) in 21 OECD economies during the period 1990–2018. This study applies advanced, rigorous, and robust econometric methodologies. The empirical outcomes reveal that REP, EIN, and EI, mitigate EF, while NREP, GDP, and R&D somehow accelerate the ecological deficit. This study advances the empirically proven validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis for OECD countries and provides valuable policy insights in terms of intensification of governmental budget spending on R&D, and boosting technological energy innovations and non-polluting energy projects. Of particular importance to trace a green energy growth is the development of comprehensive economic and energy policies with a specific focus on ecological wellbeing.

The Dynamic Effects of Non-renewable Energy Production, CO2 Emissions, and Financial Development on Healthcare Spending

The Dynamic Effects of Non-renewable Energy Production, CO2 Emissions, and Financial Development on Healthcare Spending

Effect of electronic alteration on hydrogen storage and optical response in NaMgF3 using DFT approach

Due to the depletion of non-renewable fossil fuels, energy production and storage is a matter of concern for scientific community. Hydrogen being environmental friendly was presented by the scientists a fruitful replacement of fossil fuel, but the storage of hydrogen is still a matter of concern. Safety concerns are associated with hydrogen as an alternative fuel because it is difficult to store and transport. Perovskite materials have attracted researchers as new materials for solid hydrogen storage. In this present work, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations have been performed for perovskite NaMg F3−xHx with the GGA-PBE formalism as implemented in the CASTEP code. The aim of the work is to investigate the structural, electronic and optical properties of NaMg F3−xHx perovskite hydride material for hydrogen storage applications with varying substituent concentrations (x = 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2). The formation enthalpy of the studied material for each concentration reveals that these compounds are stable and synthesizable experimentally. The hydrogen inclusion in pristine material affects the electronic states significantly which is elaborated using band structure and density of states plots. After Hydrogen inclusion, change in density of states has been observed and the band gap is decreased from 5.74eV to 3.311eV. The alteration of electronic band gap directly influences the optical behavior of the material, thus optical response such as dielectric function, absorption and refractive index was also calculated. For hydrogen storage application, gravimetric storage capacity (Cwt%) was calculated for all concentrations of hydrogen inclusion. The value varied from 0.30% to 1.87%, indicating that the presented material is an efficient material not only for opto-electronic applications but also for the hydrogen storage applications.

Emerging and Recycling of Li-Ion Batteries to Aid in Energy Storage, A Review

The global population has increased over time, therefore the need for sufficient energy has risen. However, many countries depend on nonrenewable resources for daily usage. Nonrenewable resources take years to produce and sources are limited for generations to come. Apart from that, storing and energy distribution from nonrenewable energy production has caused environmental degradation over the years. Hence, many researchers have been actively participating in the development of energy storage devices for renewable resources using batteries. For this purpose, the lithium-ion battery is one of the best known storage devices due to its properties such as high power and high energy density in comparison with other conventional batteries. In addition, for the fabrication of Li-ion batteries, there are different types of cell designs including cylindrical, prismatic, and pouch cells. The development of Li-ion battery technology, the different widely used cathode and anode materials, and the benefits and drawbacks of each in relation to the most appropriate application were all thoroughly studied in this work. The electrochemical processes that underlie battery technologies were presented in detail and substantiated by current safety concerns regarding batteries. Furthermore, this review collected the most recent and current LIB recycling technologies and covered the three main LIB recycling technologies. The three recycling techniques—pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, and direct recycling—have been the subject of intense research and development. The recovery of valuable metals is the primary goal of most recycling processes. The growth in the number of used LIBs creates a business opportunity to recover and recycle different battery parts as daily LIB consumption rises dramatically.

Energy policy simulation in times of crisis: Revisiting the impact of renewable and non-renewable energy production on environmental quality in Germany

In this paper, we examine for the first time in the literature the implications of energy policy alternatives for Germany considering the aftermath of coronavirus as well as Electricity and Gas energy supply shortages. Whilst several policy options are open to the government, the choice of investment in renewable energy generation versus disinvestment in non-renewable energy such as coal energy generation provides divergent impacts in the long term. We utilize data from British Petroleum and the World Bank Development Indicator database for Germany covering 1981 to 2020 to explore a Carbon function by applying a battery of Autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL), dynamic ARDL and Kernel-Based Regularized Least squares approaches. The particular policy tested is the pledge by Germany to decrease emissions by ∼100% in 2050, and this was integrated through the estimation of dynamic ARDL estimation. The simulation result shows that a ＋61% shock in renewable energy production decreases carbon emissions unlike coal energy production which increases carbon emissions in the beginning but the carbon emissions decrease thereafter. The findings highlight the inevitability of cutting down on coal production, and recommends energy investment alternatives. Hence, Germany’s energy policy should contemplate more thoroughly on these factors.

Does environment quality affect the health care spending? Nexus among CO2 emissions, non-renewable energy production, financial development, and health care spending.

This study investigates the dynamic associations among carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, non-renewable energy production from petroleum derivatives, financial development, and healthcare expenditures to improve environmental quality. This research has employed the balanced annual panel of thirty (30) Organizations for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries' data set and applied panel vector autoregression (VAR) method depending on the generalized method of moments (GMM). Furthermore, the empirical findings reveal that health spending and CO2 emissions have a favorable bidirectional link, but there is no indication that health spending promotes power generation. The results demonstrate that increased energy consumption and productions affect pollution, and higher CO2 emissions increase healthcare costs. Whereas, energy consumption, financial development, and healthcare expenditures have a positive toward environmental quality.

The impact of non-renewable energy production and energy usage on carbon emissions: Evidence from China

A high level of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission has become a global issue due to extensive production and energy usage that needs regulators’ attention and researchers’ emphasis. Hence, the study aims to explore the effectiveness of energy production and usage on carbon dioxide emission in China. The current study has taken the electricity production from oil, coal and nuclear as the measurement of energy production, while fossil fuel energy consumption and energy use have been taken as the measurement of energy usage, and energy import has been taken as the control variable. The secondary data has been gathered using a secondary source like World Bank from 1991 to 2020. The Quantile Autoregressive Distributed Lag (QARDL) was employed by the study to examine the linkage among variables, while the Augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) test was adopted to check the stationarity. The results revealed that electricity production from oil, coal and nuclear has a positive connection with CO2 emission. The findings also exposed that the FFEC, energy import, and energy use also have a positive linkage with CO2 emission. This study monitors the policymakers while establishing regulations to control CO2 emissions by limiting the country's energy production and usage.

The Impact of Economic Growth, Renewable Energy, Non-renewable Energy and Trade Openness on the Ecological Footprint and Forecasting in Turkiye: an Case of the ARDL and NMGM Forecasting Model

In this study, the effects of economic growth, renewable and non-renewable energy production and trade openness on ecological footprint for Turkey were investigated. By using the annual data for the period 1980-2016, the short- and long-term relationship with the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) was examined. In addition, a prediction model is presented with the Multivariate Gray Prediction Model (NMGM) method. According to the findings obtained from the ARDL model, economic growth, renewable and non-renewable energy production have a positive effect of 0.166, 0.1431 and 0.1118, respectively, on the ecological footprint in the long run. In the short run, economic growth, renewable energy production and non-renewable energy production has the same effect of 0.1941, 0.1673 and 0.1308 on the ecological footprint. In addition, no effect of trade openness on the ecological footprint has been detected, both in the long and short run. The originality of this study is to investigate the short- and long-term effects of economic growth and trade openness on the ecological footprint, in addition to the amount of renewable energy production and non-renewable energy production in Turkey, using the ARDL model. In addition, another originality of this study is a dynamic evaluation of the ecological footprint for Turkey and the determination of the impact values of the variables that affect the ecological footprint. ARIMA models, in which the dependent variable is estimated with its own past values, are generally used as estimation models. Likewise, univariate gray estimation models also make estimations with the dependent variable's own past values. Another unique aspect of this study is the use of a gray estimation model, in which the variables that have been shown to have a significant short- and long-term relationship with ARDL are also included in the model.

Forecasting of non-renewable and renewable energy production in India using optimized discrete grey model.

Renewable energy delivers reliable power supplies and fuel diversification, enhancing energy security and lowering fuel spill risk. Renewable energy also helps conserve the nation's natural resources. Solar and other renewable energy sources have become increasingly prominent in recent years. India has achieved the 20 GW capacity solar energy production target before 2022. It is presently producing the lowest-cost solar power at the global level. Thermal energy has dominated the energy market. Countries have decided on energy generation from renewable sources and adopting green energy. This study forecasted non-renewable and renewable energy from multiple sources (hydropower, solar, wind and bioenergy) using grey forecasting model DGM (1,1,α). The comparative analyses with the classical models DGM (1,1) and EGM (1,1) revealed the superiority of the DGM (1,1,α). We also used CAGR for 2009-2019 to compare the actual and predicted data growth rate. The results show that non-renewable and renewable energy production is expected to increase. However, renewable energy generation wind sources continue to increase faster than hydropower, solar and bioenergy.

International volatility transmission among income, CO2 emission, non-renewable and renewable energy consumption: Which causes which and when?

This study analyses the evolution of volatility inter-connectedness in the global system of non-renewable and renewable energy consumption, economic growth, and CO2 emission. We find that the spillover effect accounts for a substantial portion of total volatility in this system. In particular, CO2 emission is the major net transmitter of volatility to economic growth. Moreover, this effect is observed to be most prominent for developed and high-income countries. The non-renewable energy sector, on the other hand, is the major net receiver of income volatility, particularly during economic crises and in low-income countries. Our findings suggest that future targets of non-renewable energy production can be implemented to reduce emissions without hampering long-term growth, and economic stability is crucial in fostering renewable energy investments in less developed economies.

On forecasting non-renewable energy production with uncertainty quantification: A case study of the Italian energy market

Nowadays the introduction of energy marketplaces in several countries pushed the development of machine learning approaches for devising effective predictions about both energy needs and energy productions. In this paper we address the problem of predicting the amount of electrical power produced using non-renewable sources, as getting an estimate of the amount of electrical power produced using the various kinds of non-renewable sources yields a big competitive advantage for energy market investors. Specifically, we devise a forecasting technique obtained by trying and combining various machine learning techniques which is able to provide energy production estimates with a remarkably low error. Finally, since the input data available for predictions are in general not sufficient to determine the amounts of produced energy for the various source types, we provide an estimate of the impact of unknown latent variable on the amounts of produced energy, by devising a prediction model which is capable of estimating the prediction error for the specific data at hand. These informations can be exploited by investors to get an idea of the risk levels of their investments.

Nexus between non-renewable energy production, CO2 emissions, and healthcare spending in OECD economies.

The present study investigates the dynamic relationships between non-renewable energy production from fossil resources, healthcare expenditures, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the OECD region. This study has used the balanced panel of 38 OECD countries spanning from 2008 to 2018. This study is employing panel vector auto-regression econometric approach based on generalized method of moment. The study reveals the following interesting outcomes: The response of energy production from fossil resources to healthcare expenditures is positive; energy production has a positive unidirectional causal relationship with CO2 emissions, whereas CO2 emissions have insignificant relation with energy production. There is a positive bidirectional relationship between healthcare spending and CO2 emissions, but there is no evidence that healthcare spending causes energy production. Furthermore, the outcomes present the essential policy consequences.

Recent Advancements in the Synthesis and Application of Carbon-Based Catalysts in the ORR

Fuel cells are a promising alternative to non-renewable energy production industries such as petroleum and natural gas. The cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which makes fuel cell technology possible, is sluggish under normal conditions. Thus, catalysts must be used to allow fuel cells to operate efficiently. Traditionally, platinum (Pt) catalysts are often utilized as they exhibit a highly efficient ORR with low overpotential values. However, Pt is an expensive and precious metal, posing economic problems for commercialization. Herein, advances in carbon-based catalysts are reviewed for their application in ORRs due to their abundance and low-cost syntheses. Various synthetic methods from different renewable sources are presented, and their catalytic properties are compared. Likewise, the effects of heteroatom and non-precious metal doping, surface area, and porosity on their performance are investigated. Carbon-based support materials are discussed in relation to their physical properties and the subsequent effect on Pt ORR performance. Lastly, advances in fuel cell electrolytes for various fuel cell types are presented. This review aims to provide valuable insight into current challenges in fuel cell performance and how they can be overcome using carbon-based materials and next generation electrolytes.

Sustainability Indicators for Community Enterprises Producing Renewable Energy in Thailand

This study aims to propose sustainability indicators for community enterprises producing renewable energy in Thailand by applying the Sustainability Balanced Scorecard (SBSC) as a conceptual framework. The literature review, a survey of the community enterprise producing renewable energy, and the assessment by eighteen experts and academics were able to summarize nineteen sustainability indicators for community enterprises producing renewable energy in Thailand which could be divided into six perspectives: (1) financial perspective of three indicators (2) stakeholder perspective of three indicators (3) internal process perspective of five indicators (4) learning and growth perspective of two indicators (5) social perspective of two indicators (6) environmental perspective of four indicators. Community enterprises producing renewable energy in Thailand can use these sustainability indicators to set their operational goals or management plans. In addition, government sector and related agencies are able to use the sustainability indicators as guidelines for the formulation of appropriate policies or measures to jointly develop and support community enterprises producing renewable energy in Thailand to self-reliance and achieve more sustainable success, affect strengthening the grassroots economy, reducing the negative social and environmental impacts of non-renewable energy production and use, increasing energy security.