Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chronic inflammatory conditions and disturbances in oxidative stress are hallmarks of renal damage and may be a trigger to non-pharmacological therapeutic options, such as exercise training, in chronic kidney disease[1,2]. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 12-week combined and progressive intradialytic exercise training on systemic inflammation, endothelial function markers, and redox state in hemodialysis (HD) patients. METHOD This is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial with HD patients[3] randomly allocated into two groups: exercise group (EXG) (n = 19) and usual care/control group (CON) (n = 19). EXG performed a 12-week combined and progressive intradialytic training period 3 times a week. CON maintained their normal HD routine during the same timeframe. Blood samples were obtained before and after the 12-week period to analyze C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, tumoral necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), reactive oxygen species (ROS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and nitric oxide (NO). The inflammatory balance was evaluated by IL-6/TNF-α, TNF-α/IL-4 and TNF-α/IL-10 ratios. RESULTS A significant effect was only observed in CON but not EXG, with decreased IL-6 (median of 9.93 [IQR: 8.31–14.79] to 8.86 [7.88–9.61] pg/mL; P = 0.044), IL-17A (62.26 [48.87–102.44] to 53.33 [45.29–59.58] pg/mL; P = 0.044), and IFN-γ (28.19 [26.44–31.15] to 27.09 [25.85–27.89] pg/mL; P = 0.006) and an increase in ROS (485.98 [333.17–604.83] to 507.31 [443.48–637.04]; P = 0.049). CONCLUSION The HD patients who undertook the 12-week combined and progressive intradialytic exercise training did not experience an alteration in systemic inflammation, endothelial function markers and redox state, in contrast with the increased oxidative stress state observed in CON. FUNDING SOURCES Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre–Research Incentive Fund (FIPE) (Grant No. 2015–0151) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES).