non-O Blood Type Research Articles

A 6-month Review of O pRBC Utilization in Non-O Blood Type Patients in a Level 1 Trauma Center

Abstract Introduction/Objective Using O pRBCs for non-O patients for acute events is not unusual in a level 1 trauma hospital. However, we occasionally utilize this blood type to meet the needs of our patients that are not acutely bleeding. In this study, we evaluated the utilization of O units in non-O patients to improve our transfusion practices. Methods/Case Report We reviewed the indications of the O pRBCs transfused to non-O patients from October 2023 to March 2024. We evaluated the number of units used in acute events such as massive transfusion protocol (MTP), acute blood loss, sickle cell disease (SCD) patients in crises, bleeding associated with surgery and in patients with symptomatic anemia. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) There were 258 O pRBCs transfused to non-O blood type from October 2023 to March 2024. 135(52%) of these units were used for bleeding patients, of which 91%(124/135) were used for acute events. Most of the units utilized for acute hemorrhage had activated MTP (92%, 89/124) due to trauma (88%, 78/89). Only 12%(31/258) were used by SCD patients, with a little over half of these units being used acutely and the rest used prophylactically. About 69% of the 16 units used in surgery were due to bleeding. Lastly, 76 units (29%) were used for symptomatic anemia patients with 45% of these units transfused for anemia of prematurity. Conclusion In a level 1 trauma hospital, advocating for conserving O units is crucial to ensure enough units are available for trauma. As anticipated, acute bleeding was found to be the leading cause for patients with non-O blood types to receive O pRBCs. Notably, the prevalence of using O units for acute and prophylactic transfusion is relatively the same for SCD patients and phenotypically matching the Rh and Kell systems likely plays a role.

Keeping The Stock Alive, A Dilemma of Hemovigilance

Abstract Introduction/Objective Being well-prepared for emergent blood transfusions is crucial in level 1 trauma centers. As advocates of hemovigilance, we follow protocols that encourage the appropriate use of group O, D- (O-) pRBCs. Moreover, by prioritizing using red blood cells with shorter shelf lives, we can better ensure that these valuable resources are not wasted. Methods/Case Report The number of O short-dated RBC units transfused in a level 1 trauma hospital in December 2023 was evaluated for type-specific distribution and utilization in bleeding patients and massive transfusion protocol. This study defines short-dated units as units expiring ≤7 days during transfusion. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) Of the 320 pRBCs evaluated, 59 were identified as short-dated units and 46(78%) were of the O- blood type. Interestingly, most O- units used for transfusion during this month (69%, 46/66) were short- dated; in comparison, only 5% (13/254) of group O, D+ (O+) units were transfused with a shorter shelf life. O- units were administered to 10 O- patients (17%), 27 O+ patients (46%), and 9 non-O blood type patients (15%). All short- dated O+ units were given to O+ patients, with 31% (4/13) used in massive transfusion protocols (MTP). None of the short-dated O- units were used in MTP, but over half (52%, 24/46) were utilized in patients experiencing bleeding. Conclusion Approximately 95% of individuals of African American descent have a blood type of D+. Given that this is the primary demographic we serve, it is unsurprising that our institution sees a relatively higher usage of O+ blood units, resulting in fewer short-dated O+ units being transfused. The cause of increased usage of short-dated O- is likely multifactorial, one of which is maintaining an adequate O- in our inventory for trauma patients. Balancing our preparedness for massive hemorrhage situations and hemovigilance for this blood type can be challenging for institutions like ours.

COVID-19 Is a Coronary Artery Disease Risk Equivalent and Exhibits a Genetic Interaction With ABO Blood Type.

COVID-19 is associated with acute risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), including myocardial infarction, stroke, and mortality (all-cause). However, the duration and underlying determinants of heightened risk of cardiovascular disease and MACE post-COVID-19 are not known. Data from the UK Biobank was used to identify COVID-19 cases (n=10 005) who were positive for polymerase chain reaction (PCR+)-based tests for SARS-CoV-2 infection (n=8062) or received hospital-based International Classification of Diseases version-10 (ICD-10) codes for COVID-19 (n=1943) between February 1, 2020 and December 31, 2020. Population controls (n=217 730) and propensity score-matched controls (n=38 860) were also drawn from the UK Biobank during the same period. Proportional hazard models were used to evaluate COVID-19 for association with long-term (>1000 days) risk of MACE and as a coronary artery disease risk equivalent. Additional analyses examined whether COVID-19 interacted with genetic determinants to affect the risk of MACE and its components. The risk of MACE was elevated in COVID-19 cases at all levels of severity (HR, 2.09 [95% CI, 1.94-2.25]; P<0.0005) and to a greater extent in cases hospitalized for COVID-19 (HR, 3.85 [95% CI, 3.51-4.24]; P<0.0005). Hospitalization for COVID-19 represented a coronary artery disease risk equivalent since incident MACE risk among cases without history of cardiovascular disease was even higher than that observed in patients with cardiovascular disease without COVID-19 (HR, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.08-1.37]; P<0.005). A significant genetic interaction was observed between the ABO locus and hospitalization for COVID-19 (Pinteraction=0.01), with risk of thrombotic events being increased in subjects with non-O blood types (HR, 1.65 [95% CI, 1.29-2.09]; P=4.8×10-5) to a greater extent than subjects with blood type O (HR, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.66-1.39]; P=0.82). Hospitalization for COVID-19 represents a coronary artery disease risk equivalent, with post-acute myocardial infarction and stroke risk particularly heightened in non-O blood types. These results may have important clinical implications and represent, to our knowledge, one of the first examples of a gene-pathogen exposure interaction for thrombotic events.

ABO Blood Type and Pretreatment Systemic Inflammatory Response Index Associated with Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients with Breast Cancer.

Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is an important prognostic factor for breast cancer. Inflammatory stimulation can change tumor microenvironment and lead to LNM, but the relationship between LNM and peripheral immunoinflammatory indices has not been clarified in breast cancer. The clinical information of 1918 patients with breast cancer admitted to Meizhou People's Hospital from October 2017 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The relationship of clinicopathological features (age, body mass index (BMI), ABO blood types, family history of cancer, tumor site, disease stage, LNM, distant metastasis, and molecular subtypes) and peripheral immunoinflammatory indices (pan-immune inflammation value (PIV), systemic immune inflammation index (SII), and system inflammation response index (SIRI)) were analyzed. There were 935 (48.7%) patients had no LNM and 983 (51.3%) had LNM. There were statistically significant differences in the distributions of ABO blood groups (p=0.022) and molecular subtypes (p<0.001) between the two groups. PIV, SII, and SIRI levels in patients with LNM were significantly higher than those without LNM (all p<0.05). The proportions of LNM in patients with high PIV, SII, and SIRI levels were higher than those with low PIV, SII, and SIRI levels, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that non-O blood type (non-O blood type vs O blood type, odds ratio (OR): 1.327, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.056-1.667, p=0.015), luminal B subtype (luminal B vs luminal A, OR: 2.939, 95% CI: 2.147-4.022, p<0.001), HER2+ subtype (HER2+ vs luminal A, OR: 2.044, 95% CI: 1.388-3.009, p<0.001), and high SIRI level (≥0.875 vs <0.875, OR: 1.572, 95% CI: 1.092-2.265, p=0.015) were independently associated with LNM. Non-O blood type, luminal B and HER2+ subtypes, and high SIRI level (≥0.875) have potential role in predicting the status of LNM in breast cancer patients.

Editorial: Is There a Relationship/An Association Between ABO Blood Group System and Cardiac Conduction Disorders?

Abstract Introduction Data from the literature suggest a slight increase in cardiovascular risk for people with non-O blood types. The purpose of the study was to evaluate if there is an association between advanced cardiac conduction disorders and blood groups. Material and methods In this retrospective study, a group of patients with atrio-ventricular conduction disorders or sinus node disease, having an indication for permanent cardiostimulation, was analyzed and compared with a control group consisting of patients who underwent coronary angiography or elective peripheral angiography. The blood group was determined in all patients. Univariate and multivariate statistical methods were used. Results Six hundred forty patients, mean age 72±11y, 55.3% men, were included: 320 patients with advanced atrio-ventricular conduction disorders or sinus node dysfunction in the study group and 320 patients in the control group. Blood type A had the highest prevalence (46.8%), followed by blood types O (28.95%), B (16.74%) and AB (7.51%). In the group with heart rhythm disorders, patients with blood type A had an increased risk of atrio-ventricular block (OR 1.38, p= 0.02), but not with sinus node disease (OR 1.02, p= 0.98). Blood type O had a protective role both for atrio-ventricular block and for sinus node dysfunction (OR 0.65, p= 0.01). Conclusion Blood type A proved to be an independent predictor for atrio-ventricular conduction disorders in patients with severe heart rhythm disorders with indication for permanent cardiostimulation.

Thrombotic Complications in Pediatric Cancer.

Thromboembolism (TE) complicates the course of pediatric cancer in a considerable number of cases. Cancer-related TE is attributed to an interaction of the underlying malignancy, the effects of therapy, and a possible thrombophilia predisposition. More specifically, recognized risk factors include a very young age and adolescence, non-O blood group, type and site of cancer, inherited thrombophilia, presence of central venous catheter, and type of chemotherapy. TE in children with cancer most commonly occurs in their extremities. In the absence of evidence-based guidelines for the management of thrombotic complications in pediatric oncology patients, TE management follows general recommendations for the management of pediatric TEs. Given the limitations of conventional anticoagulant therapy, direct oral anticoagulants could provide an alternative; however, their safety and efficacy in children with cancer remain to be seen. As for thromboprophylaxis, numerous studies have been conducted, albeit with conflicting results. Although the survival of pediatric oncology patients has significantly improved in recent years, morbidity due to cancer-related TE remains, underlying the need for large multicenter trials investigating both TE management with currently available agents and primary prevention.

The relation between ABO blood groups and clinicopathologic characteristics of the patients with gastric adenocarcinomas

Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between blood groups and clinicopathological factors that could affect the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. Material and Methods: In this retrospective single-center study, patients with gastric adenocarcinoma were obtained from a prospectively maintained database. The association between blood groups and clinicopathologic characteristics including sex, age, tumor location, tumor size, tumor stage, metastatic lymph node ratio (MLR), lymphovascular invasion, and perineural invasion were analyzed. Results: The study included 91 female and 221 male patients. The blood group distribution was A&gt;O&gt;B&gt;AB both in the patients and healthy donors. Non-O blood types were more common in cancer patients than in healthy donors (p= 0.038). However, there was no significant association between sex, age, tumor location, tumor stage, lymph node status, lymphovascular invasion, and perineural involvement and blood groups. ≥7 lymph node involvement and MLR of &gt;0.6 were significantly more common in patients with blood group A than in those with non-A blood groups (p= 0.034 and p= 0.018; respectively). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that blood group A patients are associated with higher MLR and N3 involvement, so it is possible that these patients with gastric cancer have a poorer prognosis.

Prognostic value of hemoglobin to red blood cell distribution width ratio in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a retrospective study

BackgroundPrevious studies have identified the hemoglobin (Hb) to red blood cell distribution width (RDW) ratio (HRR) is associated with the prognosis of a variety of malignant tumors. However, the relationship between HRR and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) prognosis remains unexplored. This study aims to ascertain the prognostic significance of HRR in PDAC patients.MethodsIn a retrospective analysis, 128 PDAC patients undergoing initial surgical resection at Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital between January 2016 and September 2021 were included. Based on receiver operating characteristic curve-derived cut-off values, participants were categorized into low and high HRR groups. The correlation between HRR and patient prognosis was subsequently examined.ResultsSignificant disparities in age, Hb levels, RDW, tumor locality, surgical intervention, and postoperative chemotherapy were observed between the two groups (P < 0.05). Notably, the low HRR cohort exhibited inferior disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates (P = 0.002 for both). Univariate analysis indicated that male gender, adjacent tissue invasion, TNM stages III/IV, non-O blood types, low HRR, and lack of postoperative chemotherapy were linked to adverse DFS and OS outcomes (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis further delineated low HRR as an independent predictor of poor DFS and OS outcomes (HR: 1.520, 95% CI: 1.028–2.247, P = 0.036; HR: 1.537, 95% CI: 1.034–2.284, P = 0.034, respectively).ConclusionOur findings suggest that a lower HRR is indicative of poorer DFS and OS in PDAC patients, underscoring its potential utility as a prognostic biomarker for this population.

Non-O blood types are associated with a greater risk of large artery atherosclerosis stroke and dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism: an observational study

BackgroundPrevious research on ABO blood types and stroke has been controversial, predominantly suggesting heightened risk of stroke in non-O blood types. Nonetheless, investigations into the correlation and underlying mechanisms between ABO blood groups and stroke subtypes, especially within Chinese cohorts, remain limited.MethodsThe ABO blood types of 9,542 ischaemic stroke (IS) patients were inferred using two ABO gene loci (c.261G > del; c.802G > A). The healthy population was derived from the 1000 Genomes Project. Patients were classified by the causative classification system (CCS). Volcano plot and gene ontology (GO) analysis were employed to explore protein differential expression among blood types. Additionally, HT29 and SW480 cell lines with downregulated ABO expression were generated to evaluate its impact on cholesterol uptake and efflux.ResultsA greater proportion of stroke patients had non-O blood types (70.46%) than did healthy individuals (61.54%). Notable differences in blood type distributions were observed among stroke subtypes, with non-O blood type patients mainly classified as having large artery atherosclerosis (LAA). Clinical baseline characteristics, such as the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time, varied significantly among blood types. A volcano plot revealed 17 upregulated and 42 downregulated proteins in the O blood type. GO term analysis indicated that downregulated proteins were primarily associated with lipid metabolism pathways. In vitro experiments revealed that reducing ABO gene expression decreased cholesterol uptake and increased cholesterol efflux.ConclusionsThis study revealed that the non-O blood type increased the risk of LAA stroke through cholesterol metabolism.

The association between ABO blood types and peripherally inserted central catheter-related venous thrombosis for patients with cancer: A retrospective 7-year single-center experience and meta-analysis.

This meta-analysis evaluated the association of ABO blood type on central venous catheter-related thrombosis (CRT). Data were derived from 8477 patients at Sichuan Cancer Hospital from January 2015 to December 2021 and articles previously published in Chinese and English databases. Data from our hospital were collected by reviewing electronic medical records. Searched databases included CNKI, VIP, Wan Fang, China Biomedical, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, and OVID (up to July 2023). All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 22.0 and Revman 5.3. The Bonferroni method was used to adjust the α test level for reducing the risk of I errors in the multiple comparisons. A P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Continuous variables were analyzed using a two-independent sample T test. The chi-squared test was used to analyze categorical data. A total of 818 studies were identified in the search. However, only four studies met the inclusion criteria. Combined with data from our hospital, five studies were included with a total of 18407 cases. Those studies only focused on peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC). According to the data from our hospital, logistic regression revealed that myelosuppression [odds ratio (OR), 1.473; P = 0.005) and radiotherapy(OR, 1.524; P<0.001) were independent risk factors for symptomatic PICC- VTE. Blood types A (OR, 1.404; P = 0.008), B (OR, 1.393; P = 0.016), and AB (OR, 1.861; P<0.001) were associated with a significantly higher risk of symptomatic PICC-VTE than blood type O. And the hematologic tumor has a significantly higher risk of PICC-VTE than breast cancer (OR, 0.149; P < 0.001), and gynecological tumor (OR, 0.386; P = 0.002). In the meta-analysis of the association between ABO blood type and PICC related thrombosis, the I2 statistic was not significant in any of the pairwise comparisons, and a fixed-effects model was subsequently used for all analyses. The meta-analysis indicated that the incidence of symptomatic PICC related thrombosis was significantly lower in individuals with the O blood type (3.30%) than in those with the A (4.92%), B (5.20%), or AB (6.58%) blood types (all P < 0.0083). However, in the pairwise comparisons among A, B, and AB, the differences were nonsignificant (P > 0.0083). According to the results from our single center analysis, we found that myelosuppression, radiotherapy, hematologic tumor, and non-O blood type were independent risk factors for symptomatic PICC related thrombosis. In the meta-analysis of further exploration of ABO blood type and PICC related thrombosis, we found that ABO blood type may influence PICC related thrombosis, and individuals with the O blood type had a lower risk of PICC related thrombosis than those with non-O blood type.

Blood group is a long-term cardiovascular risk factor after carotid endarterectomy

Background ABO blood group system has been clinically related to an increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Preliminary data relating Rhesus (Rh) factor and these outcomes also have been published. Our aim was to analyse the impact of blood group on the short and long-term outcomes after carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Materials and methods From 2012 to 2019, patients from a referral centre who underwent CEA for atherosclerotic carotid stenosis were prospectively followed. Our primary outcomes were long-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were perioperative complications and myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS). Median follow-up was 50 months (interquartile range 21–69). Time-to-event analysis was used to determine the effect of ABO and Rh groups in long-term outcomes. Results One hundred and eighty-four patients were included, with a mean age of 70.1 ± 9.1 years. Eighteen (25.7%) patients with O type and 48 (42.1%) patients with non-O type presented coronary artery disease (odds ratio [OR]: 2.313, 5–95% confidence interval (CI) 1.245–4.297, p = .008). Patients Rh+ presented significantly more congestive heart failure, 23 (14.7%), p = .03. The incidence of MACE in the long-term was higher in non-O patients (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.034; CI: 1.032–4.010, p = .040). Rh− patients, presented a higher incidence of perioperative MINS. However, there was no statistically significant association with long-term risk of MACE. Conclusion The incidence of MACE in long-term analysis was higher in non-O blood type and 30-day MINS was significantly more common amongst Rh− patients. The benefit from a more complete preoperative cardiac study in these patients should be performed.

Blood type as a risk factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

10559 Background: Non-O blood type has been associated with increased risk of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the third leading cause of cancer death in the United States (US), in largely white populations. We aimed to explore PDAC risk across blood types in the racially diverse Veteran’s Health Administration (VA), the largest integrated healthcare system in the US. Methods: We included all individuals in the VA from 2002 - 2022 with at least one inpatient or outpatient encounter and a non-missing race. We defined the index date as 1.5 years after the initial VA encounter and excluded individuals with prior PDAC. We defined the exposure by non-O (A, B, AB) or type O blood type. We defined PDAC based on a previously validated algorithm of ≥2 sources (cancer registry, hospitalizations, or outpatient oncology encounters) with 95% positive predictive value. Using time to PDAC as the outcome in a multivariable Cox regression, we evaluated the association between blood type and PDAC risk, adjusting for age, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol use, Hepatitis C (HCV) and diabetes. We censored at time of death, 1.5 years after the last VA encounter, or the end of the study period. We performed a subgroup analysis to evaluate the association of blood type by race. Results: Of the 2.5 million individuals with an available blood type, 1.35 million (52.6%) had a non-O blood type (Table) and over a quarter of our cohort (28.2%, 725,878) were over baseline age 50. Median time to PDAC diagnosis was 8.6 years. There were 877 PDAC cases (0.03%), with 530 (60.4%) of those having a non-O blood type. Compared to those with type O blood, risk of PDAC for individuals with non-O blood type was higher overall [adjusted HR = 1.37 (95% CI 1.20-1.57)], and higher among Whites (n=1,689,092, HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.27-1.82) than Black patients (n=525,666, HR 1.15, 95% CI 0.90-1.48), though this was limited by smaller sample size. Conclusions: Non-O blood type was associated with higher risk of PDAC in a diverse population. Given the potential differences between races, we will further explore the impact of neighborhood-level socioeconomic data on PDAC risk. [Table: see text]

Thrombin Generation Profile Using ST-Genesia after PEG-asparaginase in Pediatric Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) etiology in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is multifactorial. The use of global assays of hemostasis as a thrombin generation test (TGT) is useful to individualize VTE risk in adult patients. This prospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of an automated TGT to evaluate VTE risk during ALL treatment in children. TGT (automated analyzer ST Genesia; ThromboScreen) and pro- and anticoagulant plasma proteins were analyzed during ALL treatment in pediatric patients following LAL-SEHOP-PETHEMA-2013 guidelines. Results were compared with a series of pediatric normal controls and evaluated according to pegylated asparaginase PEG-ASP administration and to VTE risk factors. The study included 67 patients: males n = 35, B-ALL (n = 60). None had a VTE during the evaluated period. Compared to healthy controls, the normalized endogenous thrombin potential (N-ETP) ratio in patients was higher and ETP inhibition (ETP-inh) was lower, especially after PEG-ASP administration. Plasmatic protein C and protein S levels decreased after PEG-ASP administration, but antithrombin mean level did not. A bivariant analysis showed that ETP-inh was lower in patients >10 years old (p = 0.05) and in those with non-O blood type (p = 0.005). A linear mixed model also showed a higher TGT prothrombotic profile in patients with inherited thrombophilia. TGT could be a biomarker of a high VTE risk in ALL pediatric patients. Non-O blood group and inherited thrombophilia were associated with a significantly higher thrombotic profile, and an increased profile was also observed after administration of PEG-ASP.

Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and associated factors in the adult population of Belgium: a general population cohort study between March 2021 and April 2022

BackgroundThis study assessed seroprevalence trends of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the Belgian adult population between March 2021 and April 2022, and explored factors associated with seropositivity and seroreversion among the vaccinated and unvaccinated population.MethodsA prospective longitudinal surveillance study was conducted within a random sample of the general population (18 + years) in Belgium, selected from the national register through a multistage sampling design. Participants provided a saliva sample and completed a survey questionnaire on three occasions: at baseline and in two follow-up waves. Outcome variables included (1) seropositivity, defined as the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, assessed with a semi-quantitative measure of anti-RBD (Receptor Binding Domain) IgG ELISA and (2) seroreversion, defined as passing from a positive to a negative antibody test between two measurements. Trends in SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence were assessed using binary logistic regression with contrasts applying post-stratification. Potential determinants of seropositivity were assessed through multilevel logistic regressions.ResultsIn total 6,178 valid observations were obtained from 2,768 individuals. SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence increased from 25.1% in the beginning of the study period to 92.3% at the end. Among the vaccinated population, factors significantly associated with higher seropositivity rates were being younger, having a bachelor diploma, living with others, having had a vaccine in the last 3 months and having received a nucleic-acid vaccine or a combination. Lower seropositivity rates were observed among vaccinated people with a neurological disease and transplant patients. Factors significantly associated with higher seropositivity rates among the unvaccinated population were having non-O blood type and being non-smoker. Among vaccinated people, the seroreversion rate was much lower (0.3%) in those who had received their latest vaccine in the last 3 months compared to those who had received their latest vaccine more than 3 months ago (2.7%) (OR 0.13; 95%CI 0.04–0.42).ConclusionsThe rapid increase in antibody seropositivity in the general adult population in Belgium during the study period was driven by the vaccination campaign which ran at full speed during this period. Among vaccinated people, seropositivity varied in function of the time since last vaccine, the type of vaccine, sociodemographic features and health status.

The relationship between the ABO blood group and chronic venous disease in deep vein thrombosis

Aims: This study aims to investigate the relationship between the ABO blood group and chronic venous disease in terms of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Methods: This study was planned as a retrospective case-control study in which 1031 patients were included between February 1, 2022, and July 1, 2022. After systematic sampling, the case group (88) and the control group (113) were analyzed in terms of blood groups. Then the patients were divided into 3 groups. group 1: patients with non-O blood group and chronic venous disease (CVD) (n=75), group 2: patients with non-O blood group and non-CVD (n=73), and group 3: patients with O blood group and CVD patients (n=28). It was analyzed whether there was a difference between these 3 groups and from which group and in what form. Results: The non-O blood group was significantly higher in the DVT group than the control group (p=0.001). There was no significant difference between A, B, and AB blood groups (p=0,21, p=0,51, p=0,08, respectively). When group 1, group 2, and group 3 were compared, a significant difference was found (p=0,006). In the posthoc analysis, no difference was found between group 1 and group 2 (p=0.99), a difference was found between group 3 and group 1 - group 2, and it was found to be lower (p=0.34, p=0.46, respectively). Conclusion: We found the non-O blood group was higher in the DVT group compared to the control group. We found that the non-O blood group alone was higher in patients with DVT than CVD alone. While non-O blood type and CVD are important risk factors for DVT, non-O blood type can increase the risk of DVT more than CVD. However, this finding needs to be discussed in future studies.

ABO blood type and thromboembolic complications after intracerebral hemorrhage: An exploratory analysis

Background and purposeNon-O blood types are known to be associated with thromboembolic complications (TECs) in population-based studies. TECs are known drivers of morbidity and mortality in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients, yet the relationships of blood type on TECs in this patient population are unknown. We sought to explore the relationships between ABO blood type and TECs in ICH patients. MethodsConsecutive adult ICH patients enrolled into a prospective observational cohort study with available ABO blood type data were analyzed. Patients with cancer history, prior thromboembolism, and baseline laboratory evidence of coagulopathy were excluded. The primary exposure variable was blood type (non-O versus O). The primary outcome was composite TEC, defined as pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis, ischemic stroke or myocardial infarction, during the hospital stay. Relationships between blood type, TECs and clinical outcomes were separately assessed using logistic regression models after adjusting for sex, ethnicity and ICH score. ResultsOf 301 ICH patients included for analysis, 44% were non-O blood type. Non-O blood type was associated with higher admission GCS and lower ICH score on baseline comparisons. We identified TECs in 11.6% of our overall patient cohort. . Although TECs were identified in 9.9% of non-O blood type patients compared to 13.0% in O blood type patients, we did not identify a significant relationship of non-O blood type with TECs (adjusted OR=0.776, 95%CI: 0.348-1.733, p=0.537). The prevalence of specific TECs were also comparable in unadjusted and adjusted analyses between the two cohorts. In additional analyses, we identified that TECs were associated with poor 90-day mRS (adjusted OR=3.452, 95% CI: 1.001-11.903, p=0.050). We did not identify relationships between ABO blood type and poor 90-day mRS (adjusted OR=0.994, 95% CI:0.465-2.128, p=0.988). ConclusionsWe identified that TECs were associated with worse ICH outcomes. However, we did not identify relationships in ABO blood type and TECs. Further work is required to assess best diagnostic and prophylactic and treatment strategies for TECs to improve ICH outcomes.

Associations Between ABO Blood Groups and Diseases in the Digestive System and Vein.

The ABO blood type system is crucial for human blood transfusions. However, the relationships between ABO blood groups and diseases in the digestive system and vein have not been elucidated. We investigated the relationships between ABO blood groups and diseases in the digestive system and vein in this study. A retrospective study on a Chinese population, including 1432 Crohn's disease (CD), 416 ulcerative colitis (UC), 1140 stomach cancer (SC), 841 colorectal cancer (CRC), 384 pancreatic cancer (PC), 520 liver cancer (LC), and 563 venous thrombosis (VT) patients, was performed. Furthermore, 896 healthy subjects were enrolled as normal controls (NC) in this study. The demographic characteristics of patients and NC were compared using the unpaired t-test and χ2 test. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between ABO blood groups and CD and VT. ABO blood groups distributions in UC, SC, CRC, PC, and LC patients did not differ from that of NC, but CD and VT patients had significant difference of ABO blood group distribution from that of NC (p = 0.015 and p = 0.002, respectively). Patients with CD and VT had considerably lower rates of type O blood (p = 0.011 and p = 0.001, respectively) and significantly higher rates of type AB blood (p = 0.013 and p = 0.022, respectively) than those with NC. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the association of CD and VT with non-O blood types was still significant with a higher risk than with blood group O after adjusting for age and gender (OR = 1.355, 95% CI = 1.100-1.670, p = 0.004 and OR = 1.465, 95% CI = 1.131-1.903, p = 0.004, respectively). ABO blood groups distributions in CD and VT patients significantly differed from that of NC. Non-O blood group could be a new predictor for CD and VT.

Association between ABO blood type and coronavirus disease 2019 severe outcomes across dominant variant strains.

Existing evidence suggests a link between ABO blood type and severe outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to assess the relationship between blood type and severe outcomes across variant strains throughout the pandemic. This was a multicenter retrospective observational cohort analysis from a large health system in southeastern Michigan using electronic medical records to evaluate emergency encounters, hospitalization, and severe outcomes in COVID-19 based on ABO blood type. Consecutive adult patients presenting to the emergency department with a primary diagnosis of COVID-19 (U07.1) from March 1, 2020 through December 31, 2022 were assessed. Patients who presented during three distinct time intervals that coincided with Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variant predominance were included in the analysis. Exclusions included no record of ABO blood type, positive PCR COVID-19 test within the preceding 28 days, and if transferred from out of the health system. Severe outcomes were inclusive of intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, or death, which, as a composite, represented our primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were hospital admission and length of stay. A logistic regression model was employed to test the association between ABO blood type and severe outcome, adjusting for age, sex, race, vaccination status, Elixhauser comorbidity indices, and the dominant variant time period in which the encounter occurred. Of the 33,796 COVID-19 encounters, 9416 met inclusion criteria; 4071 (43.2%) were type O, 3417 (36.3%) were type A, 459 (4.9%) were type AB, and 1469 (15.6%) were type B blood. Note that 66.4% of the cohort was female (p=0.18). The proportion of composite severe disease among the four blood types was similar and ranged between 8.6% and 8.9% (p=0.98). Note that 53.0% of type A blood patients required hospital admission, compared to 51.9%, 50.4%, and 48.1% of type AB, B, and O blood, respectively (p<0.001). Compared to patients with O blood type (43.2%), non-O blood type (58.8%; composite of A, AB, and B) exhibited no statistically significant difference in the proportion of composite severe disease (8.8%vs. 8.7%; p=0.81) Multivariable regression analyses exhibited no significant difference regarding the presence of severe outcomes among the four blood types or O versus non-O blood types during T1, T2, and T3. ABO blood type was not associated with COVID-19 severe outcomes across the Delta, Alpha, and Omicron dominant COVID waves across a large health system in southeastern Michigan. Further research is needed to better understand if ABO blood type is a risk factor for severe disease among evolving COVID-19 variants and other viral upper respiratory infections.

Inherited thrombophilia gene mutations and risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

In the general population, individuals with an inherited thrombophilia have a higher risk of thrombosis, but the effect of inherited thrombophilia on the risk of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains controversial. Our objective was to determine the risk of VTE in cancer patients with inherited thrombophilia. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting on VTE after a cancer diagnosis in adult patients who were tested for inherited thrombophilia. In September 2022, we searched Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central. Two reviewers screened the abstracts/full texts and assessed study quality using the Quality in Prognostic Studies tool. We used Mantel-Haenszel random-effects models to estimate pooled odds ratios (OR) of VTE and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). We included 37 and 28 studies in the systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. Most studies focused on specific cancer types and hematologic malignancies were rare. The risk of VTE was significantly higher in cancer patients with non-O (compared with O) blood types (OR: 1.56 [95% CI: 1.28-1.90]), Factor V Leiden, and Prothrombin Factor II G20210A mutations compared with wild types (OR: 2.28 [95% CI: 1.51-3.48] and 2.14 [95% CI: 1.14-4.03], respectively). Additionally, heterozygous and homozygous methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T had ORs of 1.50 (95% CI: 1.00-2.24) and 1.38 (95% CI: 0.87-2.22), respectively. Among those with Plasminogen-Activator Inhibitor-1 4G/5G, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) A C634G, and VEGF C2578A mutations, there was no significant association with VTE. In conclusion, this meta-analysis provided evidence that non-O blood types, Factor V Leiden, and Prothrombin Factor II G20210A mutations are important genetic risk factors for VTE in cancer patients.

Correlation between ABO blood type and lower extremity deep vein thrombosis in elderly patients following hip fracture.

To examine the correlation between ABO blood type and the incidence of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (LEDVT) in elderly patients after hip fracture surgery, while identifying contributing factors to thrombogenesis. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 159 elderly patients with hip fractures treated at Tianjin Hospital (Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University) from December 2021 to December 2023. The cohort was divided into two groups: those with O blood type (45 patients) and those with non-O blood types (114 patients). We analyzed clinical data and the incidence of LEDVT between the groups. Logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for LEDVT, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis evaluated the predictive efficacy of these factors. The incidence of LEDVT was significantly higher in the non-O blood type group compared to the O blood type group (34.21% vs. 15.56%, P = 0.0408). Logistic regression identified high body mass index (BMI), comorbid hypertension, low platelet count (PLT), prolonged prothrombin time (PT), and non-O blood type as independent risk factors for LEDVT. The ROC curve for these predictors showed an area under the curve of 0.862, with a sensitivity of 75.22%, a specificity of 86.96%, and an accuracy of 78.62%. ABO blood type is correlated with the occurrence of LEDVT in elderly patients' post-hip fracture. Those with non-O blood type, alongside other factors such as high BMI, hypertension, low PLT, and extended PT, are at increased risk of developing LEDVT.